粘塑性材料胀形过程的理论分析和实验研究

金属粘塑性成形过程泛指必须考虑应变速率影响的成形过程。目前,这种成形方法已成功地应用于生产难变形材料的重要宇航锻件,因此,引起了压力加工领域的研究人员的关注。鉴于金属在超塑性状态下成形是典型的粘塑性成形过程,本文试图以超塑性板材胀形过程为对象,对粘塑性成形过程的分析方法进行探索。作者在对考虑加工硬化影响的胀形过程所进行分析的基础上,提出一种超塑性板材胀形过程的分析方法,用这种方法可以模拟分析胀形压力为常数以及应变速率恒定的胀形过程。还可以对从过程的最后阶段到原始状态的全过程进行模拟。因此,本文提出的方法可以提供超塑性板材胀形过程的主要信息。引入作者提出的相对压力p~*,可使影响起塑性板材胀形过程的因素归结为p~*和m两个因素,同时使所得结果具有普遍意义。理论分析和计算结果表明,壁厚均匀性主要取决于m值,因而可以通过控制坯料内温度场以达到要求的壁厚均匀性。本文还提供了用作者提出的方法确定的线图,以便确定最佳的胀形压力或胀形压力随时间变化的关系。     

差温拉深/超塑性胀形复合工艺研究

对于高径比达1．0以上的深筒形件,采用普通拉深工艺,需要3个以上道次加工3套成形模具。而超塑性胀形又仅能保证成形深度不是很大时零件的成形质量。本文介绍了在微机控制超塑性胀形装置上采用差温拉深／超塑性胀形复合工艺成形深筒形件的研究过程,为成形高径比大的零件开辟了一条新路。     

管接头复合成形新工艺及有限元模拟

提出了一种亲折管接头复合成形（缩口－轴压－胀形）工艺,总结了该工艺的优点,分析了该工艺的模具结构及材料变形,并用刚塑性有限元对该工艺的成形过程进行了模拟。     

AZ31镁合金心形件超塑气胀成形过程数值模拟

在超塑成形条件和超塑成形机理基础上,采用有限元分析软件MSC．MARC对AZ31镁合金薄板心形件,在不同成形温度和应变速率条件下的恒应变速率超塑气胀成形过程进行了数值模拟分析．设计20组模拟参数组合对胀形件的壁厚、危险区域进行分析,得出AZ31镁合金薄板心形件具有最佳成形质量时的温度值、应变速率值以及在此条件下的压力／时间关系（P—t曲线）．同时本文对心形件的胀形过程以及成形特点进行了分析,对AZ31镁合金薄板心形件在胀形过程中．可能出现的缺陷位置做了预测．     

OCr21Ni5Ti双相不锈钢超塑成形研究

在GLEEBLE1500热／力模拟实验机上首次对OCr21N6Ti双相不锈钢进行了超塑性能研究,并获得了良好的超塑性能,同时确定了其超塑性成形的最佳工艺参数将得出的最佳工艺参数应用于超塑性气压胀形工艺,在1000kN超塑性成形机上一次整体成形出了由OCr21N6Ti钢制造的一种带有侧凸的复杂零件     

管接头复合成形新工艺及有限元模拟

提出了一种新的管接头复合成形（缩口－轴压－胀形）工艺,总结了该工艺的优点,分析了该工艺的模具结构及材料变形,并用刚塑性有限元对该工艺的成形过程进行了模拟．     

0Cr21Ni5Ti双相不锈钢超塑成形研究

在ＧＬＥＥＢＬＥ１５００热／力模拟实验机上首次对０Ｃｒ２１Ｎｉ５Ｔｉ双相不锈钢进行了超塑性能研究，并获得了良好的超塑性能，同时确定了其超塑性成形最佳工艺参数，癫狂是出的最佳工艺参数应用于超塑性气压胀形工艺，在１０００ｋＮ超塑性成形机上一次整体成形出由０Ｃｒ２１Ｎｉ５Ｔｉ钢制造的一种带有侧凸的复杂零件。     

橡胶胀形工艺及应用

对利用橡胶在复合外力－管端部的轴向压力反胀形压力－作用下的管材胀形工艺进行了实验研究。成形时轴向压力和反压力单独作用亦或同时旋加。文中列出了Ｔ形管接头胀形实验结果。利用上限边界法预测在复合外力作用下的总成形载荷。     

超塑胀形充填圆角、型槽最佳加压规律的力学解析

从理论上研究缩短胀形成形时间,提高成形质量的最佳加压规律,在超塑性力学中是颇受重视且急待介决的问题。本文以作者所提出的胀形解析理论为根据,给出胀形充填圆角、型槽的最佳加压规律,并结合片盒成形的实例与恒压胀形对比,结果得出:按最佳规律成形,不但提高了成形件的质量和精度,而且能缩短胀形时间4/1～1/2。     

背压对超塑自由胀形影响的实验研究

本文实验研究了背压ｐｂ对超塑性自由胀形宏观力学行为的影响。实验结果表明，背压ｐｂ的施入，提高了胀形的成形速度而缩短了成形时间，胀形极限有所提高，厚度变薄趋于均匀，胀形件的几何形状趋于球面。     

One-dimensional tensile constitutive equation cannot be directly generalized to deal with two-dimensional bulging mechanical problems

Superplastic forming has been extensively applied to manufacture parts and components with complex shapes or high-precisions. However, superplastic formation is in multi-stress state. In a long time, uniaxial tensile constitutive equation has been directly generalized to deal with multi-stress state. Whether so doing is feasible or not needs to be proved in theory. This paper first summarizes the establishing processes of superplastic tensile and bulging constitutive equation with variable m, and, using the analytical expressions of equivalent stress a and equivalent strain rate ε of free bulge based on the fundamentals of continuum medium plastic mechanics, derives the analytical expressions of optimum loading rules for superplastic free bulge. By comparing the quantitative results on typical superplastic alloy ZnAI22, it is shown that one-dimensional tensile constitutive equations cannot be directly generalized to deal with two-dimensional bulging quantitative mechanical problems; only superplastic b     

Superplasticity and superplastic bulging behavior of ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Ni nanocomposite

ZrO2/Ni nanocomposite was produced by pulse electrodeposition and its superplastic properties were investigated by the tensile and bulging tests. The as-deposited nickel matrix has a narrow grain size distribution with a mean grain size of 45 nm. A maximum elongation of 605% was observed at 723 K and a strain rate of 1.67×10-3s-1 by tensile test. Superplastic bulging tests were subsequently performed using dies with diameters of 1 mm and 5 mm respectively based on the optimal superplastic forming temperature. The effects of forming temperature and gas pressure on bulging process were experimentally investigated. The results indicated that ZrO2/Ni nanocomposite samples can be readily bulged at 723 K with H/d value (defined as dome apex height over the die diameter) larger than 0.5, indicating that the nanocomposite has good bulging ability. SEM and TEM were used to examine the microstructure of the as-deposited and bulged samples. The observations showed that significant grain coarsening occurs during superplastic bulging, and the microstructure is found to depend on the forming temperature.     

超塑约束胀形贴模过程及厚度分布的FEM模拟

采用大变形刚粘塑性有限元法．成功地模拟了圆板料向轴对称锥形凹模内超塑约束胀形时，胀形件贴模过程。提出了简便摩擦处理方法．给出了保证计算过程稳定性的处理方法。     

Inconel718合金多层夹芯筒结构LBW/SPF技术研究

研究了超细晶Inconel718合金激光对接板高温塑性及多层夹芯筒结构的LBW/SPF成形技术。结果表明:垂直焊缝拉伸时最大延伸率发生在温度为950℃、应变速率为3.1×10-4s-1条件下,为400.6%,平行焊缝拉伸时最大延伸率发生在温度为965℃,应变速率为6.2×10-4s-1条件下,为164.0%。对接板在950～980℃相对胀形高度均高于1.0。通过设计直径可变的卡具以及采取点焊加固等措施,解决了多层夹芯结构的激光焊接难题。激光穿透焊参数:功率1 200 W,焊速1 200 mm/min,离焦量-1 mm,保护气体流量0.6 L/min,超塑成形参数:温度Tf=965℃,压力Pf=4.2 MPa,时间tf=130 min。采用LBW/SPF技术制造的多层夹心筒结构具有外观形状好、壁厚分布均匀、内部结构对称度高等优点。     

基于ANSYS的颗粒增强镁基复合材料应力场分析

为了更加符合实际地研究颗粒增强镁基复合材料的应力场分布情况,应用ANSYS有限元软件中的APDL语言建立含有三维随机颗粒的复合材料模型,根据细观力学和有限元理论,对模型在单向拉伸下的应力场进行模拟,分析其应力以及应变的分布情况和复合材料的性能特征,通过ANSYS模拟得到复合材料颗粒中的应力最大而应变最小这一结果.通过改变基体内的颗粒粒径,分析了颗粒粒径对预测应力应变曲线的影响.结果表明,当颗粒粒径到达一定值后,颗粒粒径的减小对复合材料的力学性能影响很小.     

Propagating Characteristic of Premixed Methane-Oxygen Deflagration in the Coal Mine Lane Including a Refuge Chamber

In order to investigate detonation propagation and distribution problems of premixed CH4+2O2 mixture around a concrete structure such as a refuge chamber,detonation experiments in one small size tube were conducted.A simulation method was developed to obtain the flow field load distribution in the coal mine lane and pressure load of each part for the refuge chamber.Firstly,a physical model of a full-size explosion-test lane was established,which included the refuge chamber.With the calculations of the exact initial detonation pressure,the propagation characteristics of CH4+2O2 premixed mixture detonation in the lane was simulated.Simulation results of various parts from AUTODYN are recorded,and the shock wave arrival time and the pressure peak can be observed from the detonation pressure-time curve over the changing propagation distance.So curve differences in different locations cannot be ignored.Then by detonation experiments in the small size tube,detonation pressure-time curves and velocity were obtained.Finally the simulation waveform of variation curve agreed well with the experimental results,which validated the detonation simulation method.The difference between shockwaves of the two sensors confirmed that detonation wave changed along with distance and time.These results should be taken into serious consideration for the detonation progration and distribution problem in future researches.     

Propagating Characteristic of Premixed Methane-Oxygen Deflagration in the Coal Mine Lane Including a Refuge Chamber

In order to investigate detonation propagation and distribution problems of premixed CH4 + 2O2 mixture around a concrete structure such as a refuge chamber,detonation experiments in one small size tube were conducted.A simulation method was developed to obtain the flow field load distribution in the coal mine lane and pressure load of each part for the refuge chamber.Firstly,a physical model of a full-size explosion-test lane was established,which included the refuge chamber.With the calculations of the exact initial detonation pressure,the propagation characteristics of CH4 + 2O2 premixed mixture detonation in the lane was simulated.Simulation results of various parts from AUTODYN are recorded,and the shock wave arrival time and the pressure peak can be observed from the detonation pressure-time curve over the changing propagation distance.So curve differences in different locations cannot be ignored.Then by detonation experiments in the small size tube,detonation pressure-time curves and velocity were obtained.Finally the simulation waveform of variation curve agreed well with the experimental results,which validated the detonation simulation method.The difference between shockwaves of the two sensors confirmed that detonation wave changed along with distance and time.These results should be taken into serious consideration for the detonation progration and distribution problem in future researches.     

黄铜超塑变形时的空洞演变及工艺因素的影响

本文对Ｈ６２黄铜起塑变形时的空洞演变进行了系统而全面的研究，分析了变形温度、应变速率、变形程度和应力状态对空洞生长的影响，发现了不少空洞生长规律，为探索新的抑制空洞长大方法和确定超塑性变形的损伤演变提供了实验资料．