离子液体微乳液中纳米AgCl的合成及AgCl/poly(MMA-co-AM)杂化膜的渗透汽化分离

以离子液体氯化-1-十二烷基甲基咪唑(C₁₂mimCl)为表面活性剂, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)混合物为油相构筑的反相微乳液合成AgCl纳米粒子。通过微乳液聚合制备AgCl/poly(MMA-co-AM)杂化膜, 用于苯-环己烷混合物的渗透汽化分离。利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和透射电镜(TEM)分析AgCl纳米粒子的形貌及结构, 利用XRD和SEM分析了杂化膜中AgCl粒子的形貌及结构, 通过杂化膜的苯-环己烷混合物(质量分数50%, 30℃)的渗透汽化实验分析了杂化膜的分离性能。结果表明: 纳米AgCl粒子的平均粒径和粒子数随微乳液中AgNO₃浓度(c_AgNO3)的增大明显增加; 增加微乳液中C₁₂mimCl浓度(c_C12mimCl), 有利于形成数量较多、 平均粒径较小的纳米AgCl粒子; AgCl/poly(MMA-co-AM)杂化膜中AgCl粒子粒径较小, 且均匀分散于poly(MMA-co-AM)基材中; 随着c _AgNO3的增加, 杂化膜的渗透通量明显增大, 分离因子先增大后减小; 而随 c _C12mimCl的增加, 杂化膜的分离因子持续增大, 渗透通量表现出先增大后减小的趋势; 杂化膜的分离因子最高可达5.0, 渗透通量约为490 g·m^-2·h^-1, 表现出较好的分离性能。     

New class of Ag/AgCl electrodes based on hydrophobic ionic liquid saturated with AgCl

A new type of Ag/AgCl electrodes based on a hydrophobic ionic liquid has been proposed. The electrode consists of a Ag/AgCl electrode immersed in or coated with a AgCl-saturated ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(8)mim+][C(1)C(1)N-]), instead of the internal aqueous solution. The [C(8)mim+][C(1)C(1)N-] phase plays dual roles, that is, as a medium dissolving AgCl and an ionic-liquid-type salt bridge upon contact with an aqueous solution. The gelation of the [C(8)mim+][C(1)C(1)N-] phase allows us to prepare coated-wire-type solid-state reference electrodes with a well-defined thermodynamic basis for the electrode potential. Both gelled and nongelled types show stable electrode potentials against the change in the concentration of KCl between 0.05 mmol dm(-3) and 2 mol dm(-3). This new class of reference electrodes opens the way for a variety of miniaturized and solid-state reference electrodes.     

One-pot synthesis of visible-light-driven plasmonic photocatalyst Ag/AgCl in ionic liquid

Plasmonic photocatalyst Ag/AgCl was prepared by in situ hydrothermal method with the contribution of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim]Cl), in which the [Omim]Cl ionic liquid acted not only as a precursor but also as a reducing reagent in the process of formation of Ag?. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The photocatalytic activity of the composites were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The experimental results showed that the high activity and stability of Ag/AgCl photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation were due to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Based on the characterization of the structure and photocatalytic performance, the LSPR was determined by synergetic effect of many factors, such as particle size of metallic Ag, contents of the Ag? nanoparticles, and the extent of metallic Ag dispersing. A photocatalytic mechanism of the Ag/AgCl photocatalyst was also proposed.     

Synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles in ionic liquid by applying room temperature plasma

Sub-atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (SADBD) plasma was used for the reduction of gold trichloride to synthesize gold nanoparticles. By introducing poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent, the nanoparticle size has been controlled to be ~ 1.7 nm in average with a narrow size distribution. These nanoparticles show enhanced activity and stability for electro-oxidation of methanol.     

离子液体的设计合成

离子液体具有非常好的物理、化学性质 ,正引起人们越来越多的重视。作为一种可设计溶剂 ,可以调整离子液体的结构 ,设计出一些有独特功能的任务适应性离子液体。本文就目前发展的一些特殊用途的离子液体合成设计进行了介绍 ,为人们更好的应用与设计提供参考。     

Facial synthesis of polyaniline/AgCl nanocomposites at the interface of water and ionic liquid

Uniformly polyaniline/AgCl nanocomposites were prepared at the interface of water and ionic liquid. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites have been studied by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The experimental results indicated that highly dispersed polyaniline/AgCl nanocomposites with their size of around 50-100 nm were obtained by the polymerization of aniline and the formation of AgCl at the interface simultaneously. The electroactivity of polyaniline/AgCl nanocomposites was further characterized.     

离子液体中氧化锌纳米结构的合成

以离子液体为介质，采用一步化学热分解反应制备出直径为10nm左右，长度达40-110nm的氧化锌纳米棒。利用IR，XRD，TEM以及SAED等测试手段对其进行了表征。实验结果表明：体系中离子液体的加入对产物形貌有着重要的影响。同时讨论了氧化锌纳米结构的生长机理。     

离子液体在电池中的研究与应用新进展

离子液体由于具有热稳定性好、不挥发、电导率高、不燃烧、电化学窗口宽等特点,其作为新一代功能电解质材料在电池体系中的应用成为当前研究的热点。综述了近几年国内外离子液体电化学性能的研究进展,并结合离子液体在电池领域的应用,叙述了离子液体作为电池新型绿色材料的最新研究进展。     

Ag/AgCl纳米枝状结构的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用离子液体法,以离子液体(DESs)为溶剂,柠檬酸三钠为还原剂,氯金酸为晶种,硝酸银为银源,制备了Ag/AgCl纳米枝状结构。利用SEM、XRD、EDS对样品的形貌、成分、结构进行了表征分析,并测试了样品的光催化性能。结果表明,当反应温度为160℃,反应时间为24h时,可获得完整的Ag/AgCl纳米枝状结构;枝状结构的形成是基于AgCl在还原剂作用下不断向Ag转换过程的结果;产物具有较好的光催化效果,并且随着反应时间的延长,产物的光催化性能减弱。     

Synthesis of ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxides and their tribological property under water lubrication

Ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxides (GOs-IL) were synthesized by the amidation and cation-π stacking, and their tribological property as the water-based lubricant additives was investigated. The GOs-IL exhibited superior friction-reducing and antiwear performance. Specifically, under the same test conditions, the mean friction coefficient and wear volume of 0.02 wt% GOs-IL/base liquid suspension were 57% and 76% lower than that of base liquid. The worn surface analyses revealed that the boundary tribofilm composed of the GOs-IL deposition film and chemical reaction film should formed on the wear scar lubricated by the GOs-IL/base liquid suspension. The proposed lubrication mechanism illustrated that the IL functional groups of GOs-IL improved their absorption and embedded stability on the rubbing surfaces by the electrostatic interactions, and then promoted the formation of the above boundary tribofilm. The tribofilm directly prevented the rubbing surfaces from the immediate contact and hence greatly reduced the friction and wear.     

Synthesis and photochemical performance of CdS nanoparticles photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic dye

Large scale CdS nanoparticles are synthesized by a facile and effective route. The as-prepared CdS product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The CdS nanoparticles showed higher photocatalytic activity for the discoloration of methyl orange under UV light irradiation for 90 min. Significantly, the stability and recycling of the photocatalyst was also investigated. This study may provide a new insight into the design and prepared of visible-light photocatalytic materials.     

Antimicrobial active silver nanoparticles and silver/polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles prepared in room-temperature ionic liquid

Uniform silver nanoparticles and silver/polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]·BF₄). [BMIM]·BF₄ plays a protective role to prevent the nanoparticles from aggregation during the preparation process. Transmission electron micrographs confirm that both silver nanoparticles and core-shell nanoparticles are regular spheres with the sizes in the range of 5–15 nm and 15–25 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the face-centered cubic geometry of silver nanoparticles. The as-prepared nanoparticles were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, antimicrobial activities against E. coli and S. aureus were studied and the results show that both silver nanoparticles and core-shell nanoparticles possess excellent antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial mechanism of the as-prepared nanoparticles was discussed.     

Synthesis, characterization, and application of chiral ionic liquids and their polymers in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Two amino acid-derived (leucinol and N-methylpyrrolidinol) chiral ionic liquids are synthesized and characterized in both monomeric and polymeric forms. Leucinol-based chiral cationic surfactant is a room-temperature ionic liquid, and pyrrolidinol-based chiral cationic surfactant melts at 30-35 degrees C to form an ionic liquid (IL). The monomeric and polymeric ILs are thoroughly characterized to determine critical micelle concentration, aggregation number, polarity, optical rotation, and partial specific volume. Herein, we present the first enantioseparation using chiral IL as a pseudostationary phase in capillary electrophoresis. Chiral separation of two acidic analytes, (+/-)-alpha-bromophenylacetic acid and (+/-)-2-(2-chlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (+/-)-(2-PPA) can be achieved with both monomers and polymers of undecenoxycarbonyl-L-pryrrolidinol bromide (L-UCPB) and undecenoxycarbonyl-L-leucinol bromide (L-UCLB) at 25 mM surfactant concentration using phosphate buffer at pH 7.50. The chiral recognition seems to be facilitated by the extent of interaction of the acidic analytes with the cationic headgroup of chiral selectors. Polysodium N-undecenoxycarbonyl-L-leucine sulfate (poly-L-SUCLS) and polysodium N-undecenoxycarbonyl-L-leucinate (poly-L-SUCL) were compared at high and low pH for the enantioseparation of (+/-)-(2-PPA). At pH 7.5, poly-L-SUCLS, poly-L-SUCL, and (+/-)-(2-PPA) are negatively charged resulting in no enantioseparation. However, chiral separation was observed for (+/-)-(2-PPA) using poly-L-SUCLS at low pH (pH 2.00) at which the analyte is neutral. The comparison of chiral separation of anionic and cationic surfactants demonstrates that the electrostatic interaction between the acidic analyte and cationic micelle plays a profound role in enantioseparation.     

A novel route for the synthesis of indium nanoparticles in ionic liquid

In this paper, we report a novel preparation of indium nanoparticles by the reduction of indium chloride in ionic liquid by methanolic solution of NaBH₄. The particles are characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and UV-visible studies indicated that the powder consist of the cubic phase of indium. The particle size of indium nanoparticles is in the range of 20 nm mean diameter by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples display a strong surface plasma absorption band at 231 nm, which indicates that the sample is metal indium and the particle size is less than 20 nm. The thermal analysis of the sample indicate indium not indium oxide. Electrochemical studies show that indium nanoparticles have very good electrical properties.     

Controllable formation of ionic liquid micro- and nanoparticles via a melt-emulsion-quench approach

We present a facile, scalable, and general method for the size-variable generation of monodispersed, near-spherical solid-state (frozen) ionic liquid nanoparticles based on a novel melt-emulsion-quench approach. Simple manipulation of the internal templating droplets within oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions also permits the formation of well-defined microspheres. This simple and rapid preparation, requiring neither specialized equipment nor harsh conditions, suggests a wealth of potential for these designer nanomaterials within the biomedical, materials, and analytical communities.     

磁性钴纳米粒子的制备和应用

介绍了制备磁性钴纳米粒子的方法 ,尤其是介绍了近年发展起来的高温液相法 ,即高温液相还原法 ,金属盐醇解法和金属有机化合物热分解法 ;同时就制备颗粒尺寸小、粒度分布均匀的钴纳米粒子所采用的两种表面活性剂从理论上给予了说明。最后简单介绍了磁性金属钴纳米粒子的主要应用。     

磁性纳米Fe3O4的制备与应用进展

总结了磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子的微乳液法、热分解铁有机物法、共沉淀法、凝胶-溶胶法、生物模板合成法等.并讨论了磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子在生物分离、靶向药物、肿瘤磁热疗以及免疫检测等领域的应用.     

Size-controlled synthesis of monodispersed gold nanoparticles stabilized by polyelectrolyte-functionalized ionic liquid

The size-controlled synthesis of monodispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized by polyelectrolyte-functionalized ionic liquid (PFIL) is described. The resulting AuNPs' size, with a narrow distribution, can be tuned by the concentration of HAuCl(4). Such PFIL-stabilized AuNPs (PFIL-AuNPs) showed a high stability in water at room temperature for at least one month; they were also quite stable in solutions of pH?7-13 and high concentration of NaCl. In addition, the PFIL-AuNPs exhibited obvious electrocatalytical activity toward β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH for short, a cofactor in enzymatic reactions of NAD(+)/NADH(-)-dependent dehydrogenases) oxidation, suggesting a potential application for bioelectroanalysis.     

Synthesis and characterization of CuO nanoparticles from liquid ammonia

A new type of CuO nanoparticles were synthesized in liquid ammonia in the presence of sodium metal. First, Cu nanoparticles were obtained by reducing copper nitrate with the alkali metal in liquid ammonia, then, CuO nanoparticles were formed in the ambient conditions. The morphology and structure of as-prepared CuO nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and XRD, and the reason of aggregation of CuO nanoparticles was supposed.     

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their ink-jetting behavior

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by ultrasonically-assisted solution process without using any surfactants. The as-synthesized spherical ZnO nanoparticles with diameter of 20 +/- 5 nm possessed crystalline nature with wurtzite hexagonal phase and showed a blue-shifted near band-edge ultra-violet absorption at -340 nm due to quantum confinement effect of ZnO nanoparticles. The as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were further formulated as an ink for ink-jet printing application. Jetting and writing of various line patterns on Si and ITO substrates were demonstrated using the as-formulated ZnO ink. UV-treated substrates showed an improvement in the fixation of ink on substrate due to decreased contact angle with controlled surface wettability.