基于OpenFOAM的精馏塔内气液两相流传热传质模拟

对于精馏塔内的多相传质过程,计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)不仅可用于模拟流动现象,而且可以用于研究传热传质过程及其与流动的相互作用规律。基于之前精馏塔板气液流动模拟的研究工作,本研究应用OpenFOAM平台的多相流求解器,考虑了能量方程与组分输运方程,构建了精馏体系的传热传质模型,分别对环己烷-正庚烷理想体系与乙醇-水非理想体系进行了模拟,并分析了塔板上气液两相流动、组分浓度及温度等参数的分布规律。对于理想体系,理想溶液传质模型能够较准确地预测多层塔板上的温度及浓度场;对于非理想体系,需要在理想溶液传质模型的基础上引入活度系数模型,为此对比了UNIQUAC与NRTL两种活度系数模型的效果。在当前模拟框架下,引入活度系数模型有助于提升非理想体系温度场与浓度场的模拟精度,两种活度系数模型预测的整体趋势与文献结果基本一致,但在数值上UNIQUAC模型与文献结果吻合更好。此外,气液两相流场与浓度场分布的对比分析表明,液相的循环流动能够提升塔板的局部传质效率,导致液相入口与塔板堰处的效率高于塔板中心,但是循环区域内气液两相无法及时更新,将导致塔...     

运用Excel对精馏塔进行逐板计算

运用Excel快速获得双组分物系精馏塔的理论板数及每块塔板的温度、组成,既可用于理想物系也可用于相平衡方程未知的非理想物系。该方法具有简单易学、方便快捷和计算可靠的优点。     

不可逆热力学分离过程理论

将热力学原理和理论扩展到不可逆过程 ,形成不可逆热力学理论 ,并应用于扩散传质分离过程 ,建立不可逆热力学分离过程理论 ,其核心为描述多组分物系组分间相对运动的普遍化麦克斯韦尔 -斯蒂芬方程。该理论可合理地解释一些传质“奇异”现象 ,计算非理想物系传质扩散系数 ,预测多组分分离过程的传质速率和级效率 ,其模拟计算结果与实验测定值能很好地吻合。不考虑组分间的交互作用 ,视各组分效率相等的模型计算结果与实验测定值存在偏差 ,物系的非理想程度越大 ,偏差越大。     

预测非理想多元混合物精馏点效率的新模型

提出一个新的计算非理想多元元精馏物系Murphree点效率的方法,在计算塔板上鼓泡液体中汽液两相间的传质通量时,充分考虑了在扩散路径上混合物组成的变化所产生的影响,同时根据多相湍流动力学的原理计算了鼓泡液体中汽、液相的接触面积．利用这个新模型对6个多元非理想混合物的计算,表明它能够准确地预测某些组元点效率的奇异性,而且预测的精度明显地优于现有其他方法,证明它是一个有效的、可靠的非理想多元精馏点效率预测方法.     

蒸馏塔板上汽液传质系数的确定——非平衡池法(Ⅰ)模型的建立及求解

本文提出一种确定蒸馏塔板上汽液传质系数的新方法——非平衡池法.该法将塔板沿液流方向分为适当数目的串联非平衡池,通过联立求解每一池各相的物料衡算、能量衡算、相平衡和传质传热速率方程,可从塔板入口组成得到出口组成.调整汽液传质系数使计算的出口组成与实测值相等,从而可确定出两相传质系数.方程组用混合牛顿法求解.     

旋流塔板的气相传质系数

本文利用非平衡级塔板模型处理水冷却饱和湿空气实验数据,得到了A-25型和B-25型旋流塔板的气相面积传质系数(k_ga),喷射态气相面积传质系数可关联为:A-25型:k_ga=1.07×10~3△p_s~(0.74)w_o~(0.35)B-25型:k_ga=5.46×10~2△p_s~(0.67)w_o~(0.59)研究证实,喷射态关联结果可推算全喷射态k_ga,但不适用于泡花态。气速对喷射态气相传质系数有较大的影响,但液体喷淋量的影响几乎可以忽略,根据本文提出的液滴直径计算方法,可使用气体与单液滴间的传质系数表达式-Frssling方程:Sh=2(1+0.276Re~(1/2)Sc~(1/3))计算旋流塔板喷射态气相传质系数。     

浓度对传质系数的影响及多元物系传质

在筛板塔中对甲醇-乙醇-水三元物系进行精馏传质过程实验,考虑浓度对传质系数的影响建立了一个数学模型,对各组分在塔中的浓度分布进行模拟计算,计算结果能正确反映各组分在塔中浓度分布的变化规律.实验与计算结果都表明在某些浓度范围内乙醇呈现出比较复杂的变化规律.     

NaOH-CO2体系下并流立体旋流筛板塔传质性能

二氧化碳捕集是应对全球气候变暖问题的重要技术之一。本文使用NaOH溶液和CO₂作为实验体系,在并流塔中对立体旋流筛板（TRST）的传质性能进行实验研究,测定并计算出全塔及塔板段的气相总体积传质系数[K_Ga_e,(K_Ga_e)_t],重点考察塔板安装数量和方式、空塔气相动能因子和喷淋密度、CO₂和NaOH浓度等参数的影响规律。研究结果表明,塔板段是传质过程的主要区间,增加塔板数量以及采用塔板逆向安装方式是提升传质性能的有效技术手段;塔板段的气相总体积传质系数随空塔气相动能因子和NaOH浓度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,随喷淋密度和CO₂浓度的增加而减小,最高可达12.18kmol/(m³·h·kPa);建立塔板段的气相总体积传质系数的经验模型,模型计算值与实验数据的吻合性较好,相对误差小于20%。     

塔板上传质系数的测定

本文提出了一种测定塔板上传质系数的实验方法——不稳态物理解吸法,这种方法的优点是实验简单,所得结果比较可靠.用这种方法,在φ150mm的筛板塔中,测定了不同结构的塔板上的传质系数.并计算了两相连续流动时,在φ150mm的穿流塔板上混合情况的方差.     

筛孔塔板浓度场的测量与模拟

通过测量被纯氧饱和的水在塔板上发生氧解吸时液相氧浓度,得到了伴有传质的浓度场,并发现在速度返流区会出现浓度旋涡.使用计算传质学的方法对塔板浓度场进行了数值模拟,计算值与实验值符合得较好.通过模拟,同时得到了湍流传质扩散系数的分布.     

塔板上流型变化对板效率影响的计算传质学

利用能够描述塔板上气液两相错流过程的流体力学模型,建立了同时模拟气液两相流动与传质过程的数学模型;通过对气液两相传质方程和流体力学模型方程的联立求解,计算得到了塔板上液相速度分布和气液两相浓度分布的数值解,考察了气相完全混合和气相部分混合两种条件下塔板上的气液两相浓度分布,同时考察了气相完全混合时流型变化对塔板效率的影响.     

筛型塔板在喷射及混合状态操作下三相传质性能

以空气-水-油(煤油及白油)为介质在600mm×150mm矩形冷模塔内测试了筛型塔板气液液三相传质性能。研究喷射及混合状态下,气速、液流强度、油水比等操作条件和塔板结构参数(孔径、开孔率)对塔板效率的影响。气膜和液膜控制的2种物系的实验表明,三相传质的板效率在喷射状态下明显高于混合状态。对测试数据进行关联,获得适用于喷射及混合状态下三相传质板效率的估算式。     

计算传质法预测精馏塔效率(英文)

A computational mass transfer model is proposed for predicting the concentration profile and Murphree efficiency of sieve tray distillation column. The proposed model is based on using modified two equations formulation for closing the differential turbulent mass transfer equation with improvement by considering the vapor injected from the sieve hole to be three dimensional. The predicted concentration distributions by using proposed model were checked by experimental work conducted on a sieve tray simulator of 1.2 meters in diameter for de-sorbing the dissolved oxygen in the feed water by blowing air. The model predictions were confirmed by the ex-perimental measurement. The validation of the proposed model was further tested by comparing the simulated re-sult with the performance of an industrial scale sieve tray distillation column reported by Kunesh et al. for the strip-ping of toluene from its water solution. The predicted outlet concentration of each tray and the Murphree tray effi-ciencies under different operating conditions were in agreement with the published data. The simulated turbulent mass transfer diffusivity on each tray was within the range of the experimental result in the same sieve column re-ported by Cai et al. In addition, the prediction of the influence of sieve tray structure on the tray efficiency by using the proposed model was demonstrated.     

Computational Fluid-dynamics of Liquid Phase Flow on Distillation Column Trays

A computational fluid-dynamics model is presented for predicting the two-phase two-dimensional liquid phase flow on a distillation column tray based on the modification of Navier-Stokes Equation by considering both the resistance and the enhanced turbulence created by the uprising vapor. Experimental measurement of the local liquid phase velocity on an air-water simulator of 1.2m in diameter by using the hot film anemometer is briefly described. Two of the conventional fluid-dynamic constants are readjusted for the case of liquid flow on a tray by fitting the experimental data. The predicted local liquid phase velocity and direction of flow by the present model are confirmed satisfactorily by the authors' experimental measurements and by the data from literature. By the aid of the present model, the concentration field on the tray can be computed for the evaluation of the enhancement of liquid phase concentration across a tray. The advantages of applying computational fluid-dynamics to tray column design     

新结构95型塔板的流体力学性能

引　言传统的板式塔塔板开孔率有限 ,当处理量较大时 ,压降较高 ,板效率降低 .因此开发新型大通量高效率塔板具有重要的现实意义 .本研究通过改进降液管结构和板面设计 ,提高塔板的有效传质区面积 ,开发了一种新型大通量塔板——— 95型塔板 ,因该板的有效传质区面积约占全部塔板面积的95%而得名 .本文以水和空气体系对 95型塔板进行了流体力学和流动性能试验 ,同时与传统筛板进行了比较 ,对试验测定的数据进行了关联 .1　试验装置及筛板结构参数试验塔为一直径Φ1 0 0 0ｍｍ的不锈钢塔 .塔内设置两块塔板 ,上板为测试板 ,下板为气体分布板 …     

Vapour- and liquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficients measured in distillation column. Comparison with data calculated from absorption correlations

Volumetric mass transfer coefficients in liquid and vapour phases in distillation column were measured by the method consisting of a fitting of the concentration profile of liquid phase along the column obtained by the integration of a differential model to the experimental one. The mathematical model of distillation process includes mass and energy balances and the heat and mass transfer equations. The film model flux expressions with the convective transport contributions have been considered in the transfer equations. Vapour and liquid phases are supposed to be at their saturated temperatures along the column. Effect of changes of phase flows and physical properties of phases on the mass transfer coefficients along the column and non-ideal thermodynamic behaviour of the liquid phase have been taken into account. The concentration profiles of liquid phase are measured in the binary distillation of the ethanol-water and methanol-ethanol systems at total reflux on metal Pall Rings and Intalox saddles 25 mm in the column with diameter of 150 mm. The distillation mass transfer coefficients obtained by the fitting procedure are compared with those calculated from absorption data using Onda's, Billet's and Linek's correlations. The distillation heat transfer coefficients calculated from the model assuming saturated temperatures in both phases are compared with those calculated from the Chilton-Colburn and penetration model analogy between mass and heat transfer. The results have confirmed an agreement neither between distillation and from absorption correlations calculated mass transfer coefficients nor between analogy and from enthalpy balance calculated heat transfer coefficients. Also the concentration profiles obtained by the integration of the differential model of the distillation column using the coefficients from absorption correlation have differed from the experimental profiles considerably.     

喷射式并流填料塔板流体力学和传质性能

提出一种新型高效塔板——喷射式并流填料塔板（ＪＣＰＴ），介绍１２００ｍｍ冷模塔流体力学实验结果和２００ｍｍ热模塔传质效率，给出了适用于工业设计性能参数的计算关联式。通过与新垂直筛板（ＮＶＳＴ）的比较表明，ＪＣＰＴ具有雾沫夹带小、处理能力大、塔板效率高等特点，是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型高效塔板。     

大型塔板的模拟与板效率的研究(Ⅰ)——不均匀速度场的涡流扩散模型

本文介绍了直径为2m的半圆筛板塔试验装置,并得出塔板上液体流动型式和速度分布的一些实验数据。结果表明塔板上存在着相当复杂的流动和分区。 根据实验结果,在本文描述流动的微分方程中,引入了速度分布函数,并成功地用有限元素法来求解传质问题,从而得出了在不均匀的速度场下大型塔板上的液相浓度分布以及塔板效率。     

Separation Tray without Downcomers

The Dualflex tray is a fractionation device without downcomers but with mobile valve plates and top weirs positioned above the perforations of the tray deck, which allows liquid and vapor or gas to pass through. According to the results of systematic experimental investigations, this mass transfer device can be considered as a high capacity tray in comparison with conventional trays; its separation efficiency is also higher than that of a comparable Dualflow tray under identical test conditions. It can be recommended not only for installing in new separation plants, but also for revamps in cases where increasing throughput in existing columns are required. The aforementioned efficiency and capacity studies were carried out in a pilot plant of 600 mm column diameter.