辽西地区人群ABO、Rh血型及基因频率分布

<正>迄今为止,已发现30多种人类血型系统,其中ABO、Rh血型抗原是人类红细胞上两个最重要的抗原,具有多态性和复杂性的特点,在种族和地域分布上均存在较大差异。为了解辽西地区人群红细胞血型系统分布规律,推动辽西地区制订科学合理的采供血计划,促进临床科学合理用血及建立RhD(-)稀有血型档案库,本文对2012年6月~2013年6月到辽宁医学院附属第一医院进行血型检测的4 168例患者(男性2 200例,女性1 968例,年龄16~60岁)的红细胞血型系统及其基因频率进行分析,现将结果报道如下。     

广东省阳春地区献血员Rh、P、Lewis、Duffy血型系统调查分析

作者于1994年2月至1995年3月,对阳春地区献血员进行了Ｒｈ、Ｐ、Ｌｅｗｉｓ、Ｄｕｆｆｙ血型系统的抗原分布调查分析。Ｒｈ血型系统采用菠萝酶法,Ｐ血型系统采用盐水玻片法,Ｌｅｗｉｓ血型系统采用盐水试管法,Ｄｕｆｆｙ血型系统采用抗人球蛋白法。Ｒｈ和Ｐ血型系统抗血清由上海血液中心提供,Ｌｅｗｉｓ和Ｄｕｆｆｙ血型系统抗血清为美国ＧａｍｍａＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｓ公司产品。1Ｒｈ血型系统抗原分布ＣＣＤｅｅ和ＣｃＤＥ表型频率最高,分别为5087%和3267%,ＣｃＤｅｅ和ｃｃＤＥ次之,分别为997%和549%,ＣＣＤＥ和ｃｃｄｅｅ最少,分别为0…     

应用微柱凝胶法鉴定ABO及RH(D)血型

目的 应用微柱凝胶法全自动血型鉴定系统（以下简称微柱凝胶法）鉴定ABO及RH（D）血型。方法 选取100份正常献血者标本和100例住院患者标本，采用试管法和微柱凝胶法进行ABO和RH（D）血型鉴定，并选取14份已知ABO血型的亚型标本和10份弱D抗原的标本，采用两种方法进行比较。结果 在正常献血者和患者的ABO及RH（D）定型中，两种方法获得的结果均一致。采用单抗试剂，微柱凝胶法可检出14份亚型标中的9份；试管法可检出14份亚型中的10份。采用人血清抗体，微柱凝胶法可检出14份亚型中的6份；试管法可检出其中的7份。结论 在鉴定正常的ABO及RH（D）血型时，两种方法的结果差异无显著意义，微柱凝胶法可取代传统的试管法用于常规的ABO和RH（D）血型鉴定。     

岳阳市献血者Rh血型系统表型的调查及Rh阴性献血者档案库的建立

目的调查岳阳市无偿献血人群Rh血型系统的表型,建立Rh阴性献血者档案库。方法使用Rh血型定型试剂,采用平板法进行初筛,结果可疑者用试管法确认。初筛阴性标本送血型参比室做确认试验,并进行Rh因子C、c、E、e和不规则抗体筛选。结果在183 596名无偿献血者中共筛出RhD阴性献血者404名(0.22%),弱D 5名(0.003%)。404名Rh阴性献血者中共检出A型112名(27.7%),B型112名(27.7%),O型128名(31.7%),AB型52名(12.9%)。表型共7种:ccdee 212名(52.5%),Ccdee 124名(30.7%),CCdee 30名(7.4%),ccdEe 18名(4.4%),ccdEE 8名(2.0%),CcdEe 8名(2.0%),CCdEe 4名(1.0%)。结论已建立了岳阳市Rh阴性献血者档案库。     

1名Am亚型患者的血型血清学鉴定及输血策略

目的对Am亚型患者的血型进行血清学鉴定,并为其输血选择适合的血液成分。方法对1名ABO正反定型不相符患者,用抗-A、抗-A1、抗-B、抗-AB和抗-H单抗检测红细胞ABH抗原;A、B、O型红细胞与血浆反应检测ABO血型抗体及不规则抗体;吸收放散试验检测红细胞弱抗原;中和抑制试验检测唾液中ABH血型物质。根据患者血型血清学检测结果,选择相容血液成分进行输血。结果该患者符合Am亚型的血型血清学特征,输入O型少白细胞红细胞6U,A型单采血小板1治疗量后,均能达到预期疗效,无不良反应。输血后3个月的血型血清学检测结果与输血前完全一致。结论ABO血型鉴定时坚持正、反定型,可避免将Am亚型误定为O型,对Am亚型的准确鉴定有赖于多种血型血清学试验。Am亚型患者输血时可选择O型红细胞、A型血小板、A型或AB型血浆。     

RhD(-)血型临床供应模式

RhD(-)属稀有血型,在我国汉族人群中的比例为0·3%~0·5%,故对RhD(-)患者的血液供应一直是困扰输血界的难题。据中国输血协会提供的数据显示,我国2000年临床用血量为810万袋,RhD(-)用血量7000袋,按0·2%~0·4%计算,每年的RhD(-)血液需求量约2~4万袋,而实际供给数小于需求数。本     

抗D(IgM)血型定型试剂(单克隆抗体)国家参考品的研制

目的研制抗D(IgM)血型定型试剂(单克隆抗体)国家参考品。方法将抗D(IgM)杂交瘤细胞培养上清液经0. 22μm滤膜无菌过滤分装,冻干制备抗D(IgM)血型定型试剂(单克隆抗体)国家参考品(简称参考品)。按YY/T 1238-2014《RhD(IgM)血型定型试剂(单克隆抗体)》行业标准,检测其外观、pH、特异性、亲和力及效价;并由4家实验室进行协作标定,进行瓶间精密度及热稳定性试验。结果参考品外观为白色冻干粉末,复溶后为无色或淡黄色透明液体,无摇不散的沉淀及异物;pH为7. 2;效价为1∶64;与RhD阳性红细胞有凝集反应,与RhD阴性红细胞无凝集反应;凝集时间均在15 s以内,3 min凝集块均大于1 mm2。经各实验室协作标定,随机抽取的2支参考品效价均为1∶64;37℃放置3、7、14 d的效价均为1∶64。结论成功制备抗D(IgM)血型定型试剂(单克隆抗体)国家参考品,其瓶间精密度及稳定性均较好,可用于抗D(IgM)血型定型试剂(单克隆抗体)效价检测的质量控制。     

新血型系统LAN(LAN,033)的研究进展

LAN(Langereis)血型系统是国际输血协会(International Society of Blood Transfusion,ISBT)2012年新确认的独立的血型系统,命名LAN,数字命名033,由单一高频率抗原Lan组成。红细胞Lan抗原在1962年首次被报道,其载体为ABCB6蛋白,是一种ABC家族蛋白,参与人体生化代谢和免疫机制。抗-Lan被认为具有临床意义,可引起轻重程度不等的胎儿及新生儿溶血病和输血反应性疾病。本文主要对LAN血型系统研究进展作一综述。     

美国白蛾(Hyphandria cunea)分布、危害及防治研究进展

为了更清楚地了解美国白蛾的现状,从生物学性状、发生与分布、取食与为害、防治技术以及现今的几大研究热点对美国白蛾的研究现状进行了综合阐述。结合国内外先进的研究成果,全面了解美国白蛾多变的背景,为美国白蛾的进一步研究提供可靠保障,为采取综合防治技术提供可靠的理论依据,以有效控制美国白蛾的扩散和危害。     

高分子分子量、分子量分布与熔体指数(MI)关系的研究(Ⅱ)──聚丙烯的分子量、分子量分布及熔体指数(MI)的实验考察

本文采用凝胶渗透色谱法（ＧＰＣ：ＷＡＴＥＲＳ－１５０Ｃ），对不同分子量、分子量分布和熔体指数的聚丙烯进行了测定，测定ＭＩ的样品近５０种，为验证本文第Ｉ部分提出的理论方程提供了相当充分的基础数据。从中发现齐格勒一纳塔催化剂的工业级聚丙烯的熔体指数范围可以很宽（０．５—１６ｇ／１０ｍｉｎ）。而重均分子量的范围大体上为２．５×１０５一３．５×１０５，数均分子量范围为２×１０４一６×１０４，从而使分子量分布分散系数（Ｍｗ／Ｍｎ）范围为４—１６。     

Distribution of acid extractable P and exchangeable K in a grassland soil as affected by long-term surface application of N, P and K fertilizers

Information on the fate and distribution of surface-applied fertilizer P and K in soil is needed in order to assess their availability to plants and potential for water contamination. Distribution of extractable P (in 0.03 M NH₄F + 0.03 M H₂SO₄ solution) and exchangeable K (in neutral 1.0 M ammonium acetate solution) in the soil as a result of selected combinations of 30 years (1968–1997) of N fertilization (84–336 kg N ha^–1), 10 years of P fertilization (0–132 kg P ha^–1), and 14 years of K fertilization (0 and 46 kg K ha^–1) was studied in a field experiment on a thin Black Chernozem loam under smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) at Crossfield, Alberta, Canada. Soil samples were taken at regular intervals in October 1997 from 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–90 and 90–120 cm layers. Soil pH decreased with N rate and this declined with soil depth. Increase in extractable P concentration in the soil reflected 10 years of P fertilization relative to no P fertilization, even though it had been terminated 20 years prior to soil sampling. The magnitude and depth of increase in extractable P paralleled N and P rates. The extractable P concentration in the 0–5 cm soil layer increased by 2.2, 20.7, 30.4 and 34.5 mg P kg^–1 soil at 84, 168, 280 and 336 kg N ha^–1, respectively. The increase in extractable P concentration in the 0–15 cm soil depth was 1.5 and 12.8 mg P kg^–1 soil with application of 16 and 33 kg P ha^–1 (N rate of 84 N ha^–1 for both treatments), respectively; and it was 81.6 and 155.2 mg P kg^–1 soil with application of 66 and 132 kg P ha^–1 (N rate of 336 N ha^–1 for both treatments), respectively. The increase in extractable P at high N rates was attributed to N-induced soil acidification. Most of the increase in extractable P occurred in the top 10-cm soil layer and almost none was noticed below 30 cm depth. Surface-applied K was able to prevent depletion of exchangeable K from the 0–90 cm soil, which occurred with increased bromegrass production from N fertilization in the absence of K application. As only a small increase of exchangeable K was observed in the 10–30 cm soil, 46 kg K ha^–1 year^–1 was considered necessary to achieve a balance between fertilization and bromegrass uptake for K. The potential for P contamination of surface water may be increased with the high N and P rates, as most of the increase in extractable P occurred near the soil surface.     

Adsorption Behavior of Platinum Group Metals (Pd,Pt, Rh) on Nonylthiourea‐Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Abstract

Magnetite nanoparticles coated with nonylthiourea (NTH) were synthesized and analyzed for the separation and recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from diluted aqueous chloride solutions. Physical characterizations of the coated nanoparticles were performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and FT‐IR Spectrometry. Separation efficiency of the coated nanoparticles and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm of PGMs were investigated. The maximum adsorption was attained in less than 30 minutes, and the maximum loading capacity of NTH‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for Pt(IV) and Pd(II) was determined to be 10.7 and 8.1 mg g^?1, respectively. The recovery of PGMs from the loaded nanoparticles was examined using different eluting solutions, including HNO₃, thiourea, and NaClO₄.     

Sillimanite,Kyanite and Andalusite in China and Their Applications Part Ⅰ:Their Reserve,Distribution and Characteristics

Sillimanite, kyanite and andalusite areadvantageous natural refractory raw materials foraluminosilicate refractories to attain improved keyproperties. This paper are divided into two parts tointroduce their resource and technical characteristicin the first part, and their applications in refracto-ries in the second part to be succeeded. In this part,based on authors' knowledge and sources, informa-tion on their reserve, distribution, composition and     

侧链含酯基的聚对苯撑的合成及其水解性研究

以自制的2,5-二氯苯甲酸甲酯和2,5-二氯苯甲酸异辛酯为单体,采用Ni/Zn催化体系,合成了侧基分别为甲酯基、异辛酯基的聚对苯撑及其共聚物,利用凝胶渗透色谱法和差示扫描量热法测试了3种聚合物的分子量及玻璃化转变温度(T_g),并测试了它们在有机溶剂中的溶解性。结果表明,利用该催化体系能得到一定分子量的聚对苯撑均聚物和共聚物,两种单体按投料比进行了共聚;通过调整单体投料比,可以调控共聚物的T_g在–7.7~130℃之间变化,当单体投料比为1∶1(物质的量之比)时,共聚物的Tg为87.7℃;当引入大支链侧基异辛酯基时,聚对苯撑在有机溶剂中的溶解性大大提高。由于侧基酯基水解的难易程度不同,通过一定的水解条件考察均聚物和共聚物的水解特性,发现在一定碱性条件下,含甲酯基的均聚物30 min内已全部水解,而含异辛酯基的均聚物在该时间内几乎不水解,水解完全需要12 h。对单体投料比为1∶1的共聚物进行水解,发现相同条件下完全水解只需75 min。水解后侧基羧基的存在可为后续的改性比如交联提供反应活性点。     

广东省生活垃圾渗滤液处理现状及处理对策研究

文章首先介绍广东省生活垃圾渗滤液水质情况及处理现状,其次,根据国内外最新研究进展,分析了广东省渗滤液的处理要求与处理难点,最后重点介绍MBR+NF+RO、MVC+DI、Fenton氧化+BAF等处理工艺,并分析工艺在广东的适用范围,以期为广东省生活垃圾渗滤液的处理对策提供建议。     

Generational, skeletal and substitutional diversities in generation one poly(amidoamine) dendrimers

Structural deviations of ethylenediamine core polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and derivatives can be defined as skeletal and/or substitutional diversities. Detailed analysis of dendrimer starting materials and derivatives is necessary to understand the intrinsic characteristics of commercial dendrimer materials and their variations related to subsequent surface modifications. In this paper, structural deviations of ethylenediamine core generation 1 PAMAM dendrimers (PAMAM_E1 or E1) are studied and determined in a frame of a systematic investigation using combined characterization techniques. A primary amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimer of generation 1 (E1.NH₂) was used as a starting material to synthesize glycidol (E1.N(Gly)OH) and acetamide-terminated (E1.NHAc) dendrimers. The purity and homogeneity of these dendrimers were extensively characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), capillary electrophoresis (CE), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), acid-base titration, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. PAGE and CE studies showed that electrophoretic mobilities at pH 2.5 are in the order of E1.NH₂>E1.N(Gly)OH>E1.NHAc. Mass spectrometry and NMR investigations (¹H, ¹³C DEPT-135, and ¹³C NMR, COSY, HETCOR, NOESY) suggested that (a) the studied E1 dendrimers were generationally pure, (b) E1.NHAc and E1.N(Gly)OH dendrimers, and essentially had the same defects and skeletal diversity as E1.NH₂ did. The broad distribution of the main peak in the CE electropherogram of E1.N(Gly)OH revealed the incomplete hydroxylation of E1.NH₂ resulting in additional substitutional diversity between the dendrimer molecules. Potentiometric titration studies proved that overall numbers of terminal and tertiary amine groups also deviated from the theoretical values. NMR spectroscopy was applied for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the structural defects of dendrimers and derivatives. E1.NH₂ and E1.NHAc exhibited only minor deviations from ideal structures and, respectively, displayed a narrow distribution; while E1.N(Gly)OH had a much broader distribution centered around 14±3 glycidol substituents. The study of structural variations in generation 1 PAMAMs provides new insights for the characterization of higher generation PAMAM dendrimers and derivatives both in terms of the skeletal deviations as well as other resulting diversities related to dendrimer surface functionalization.     

武汉地区呼吸道合胞病毒分离株的G蛋白基因遗传特征

目的分析武汉地区人呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)分离株的G蛋白基因的遗传特征。方法使用不同的特异性引物,对武汉地区2006年分离的9株RSV进行G基因3′末端第2个高变区的序列测定,并进行基因分型和基因亲缘关系分析。结果分离的9株RSV中,33.3%(3/9)为A亚型,属GA2基因型;66.7%(6/9)为B亚型,其中1株属于BA基因型,5株属于GB8基因型。9株RSVG蛋白与原型株核苷酸同源性为84.5%～99.0%,且与原型株相比,在205～230位氨基酸中有5～8个位点氨基酸变异,还存在糖基化位点的改变。结论2006年初在武汉地区存在着由不同RSV株引起的传播链,A、B亚型共循环,B亚型是优势流行亚型;9株RSVG蛋白与原型比较,存在明显的差异。     

新型含氰侧基聚芳醚酰胺的合成及表征

在DMAC为溶剂,叔胺为HCl吸收剂的条件下,将间苯二胺与自制的2,6-二(4-氯甲酰苯氧基)苯甲腈进行低温缩聚反应,合成得到了新型含氰侧基聚芳醚酰胺(C-PEAMI)。用IR、TG等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征。