静电纺取向排列纳米纤维纱的研究进展

随着纳米纤维在光电子器件、柔性传感器中的发展与应用,对纳米纤维的需求也日益增长,纳米纤维集合体的制备方法有多种,其中采用静电纺丝法制备定向纳米纤维集合体,是当前制备性能优良的纳米纤维的热门研究方向.针对当前静电纺纳米纤维的结构无序性、力学性能各向同性的问题,系统地介绍了采用静电纺制备定向纳米纤维束、纱线及纳米包覆纱的方...     

静电纺纳米纤维纱线研究进展

为拓展静电纺纳米纤维的应用领域,提高静电纺纳米纤维的力学性能,对国内外近期静电纺纳米纤维纱线的研究进展进行了综述。按照加捻方式的不同,将纤维加捻方法分为流场加捻、电场加捻和机械加捻,详细介绍了几种加捻方法,并对这些方法制备的纱线的性能参数以及方法的优劣进行了对比;讨论了静电纺丝工艺参数对纱线力学性能的影响,并介绍了几种提高纳米纤维纱线力学性能的方法;对静电纺纳米纤维纱线在智能化织物、生物工程以及电子器件领域的应用进行了总结;最后针对静电纺纳米纤维纱线中存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势进行了分析。     

静电纺纳米纤维纱及成纱装置研究进展

静电纺丝技术是制备纳米纤维最简单有效的方法之一,由其制备的产品形式已经从纤维无规则排列的纤维毡/膜拓展到连续的纳米纤维纱。本文介绍了静电纺成纱原理及其影响因素,概括了国内外静电纺纳米纤维纱成纱装置的进展,分析了这些方法的原理和实用性。得出动态水浴一静电纺丝更有利于制备具有一定捻度的,连续的纳米纤维纱。     

静电纺制备定向排列纳米纤维集合体

简要介绍了静电纺纳米纤维的形成以及运动机理,介绍了国内外对定向排列纳米纤维阵列和纱线的最新研究进展,重点讨论了辅助电极的使用和接收装置的设计对获得定向排列纳米纤维阵列或纱线中纤维定向排列程度的影响。     

静电纺SF纳米纤维膜的制备研究

静电纺丝技术是一种简便、快速而高效的制备纳米纤维的方法,其设备简单易操作,再生丝素蛋白由于具有良好的机械性能、生物相容性、控制生物降解性以及易加工性而在许多领域都有很好的应用。近些年来通过静电纺丝技术制备的纳米丝素纤维膜在过滤、组织工程支架等方面的研究方兴未艾。文章用三氟乙酸作溶剂,制备丝素的静电纺丝纳米纤维,并对乙醇处理后的静电纺纳米纤维形貌特征、力学性能等性质进行了研究与分析。本实验对比了纳米纤维处理前后的变化,为SF纳米纤维的进一步应用提供了理论依据。     

静电纺聚氨酯纳米纤维非织造布的制备

研究了聚氨酯在几种常见有机溶剂中的溶解性能,寻求静电纺丝最佳溶剂及配比,并采用静电纺丝法制备纳米级聚氨酯纤维膜。通过改变共混溶剂的质量比、纺丝液的浓度、纺丝电压、挤出速度和接收距离,借助扫描电子显微镜测量纤维的直径,分析了各因素对纤维形貌结构的影响。结果表明:DMF/THF共混溶剂配比为1:3时,聚氨酯纺丝液静电纺丝效果佳;在纺丝液浓度8%～12%、纺丝电压12～30kV、接收距离10～30cm范围内,能纺制出纤维直径分布在800～1500nm之间的聚氨酯纳米纤维非织造布。     

静电纺制备纳米级聚苯乙烯离子交换纤维

由聚苯乙烯溶液静电纺丝、磺化制得了纳米级聚合物阳离子交换纤维（PNIE）。研究了PNIE离子交换能力（IEC）、水吸收和表面形态，并得出，离子交换能力（IEC）与吸水量取决于磺化时间。30min磺化处理的PNIE样品显示出最高的离子吸收能力，其值为3．74mmol／g，而磺化40min时表现出最高的吸水量为0．77g水／g干态PNIE。聚苯乙烯纳米纤维的离子交换能力强、交换速度快。     

静电纺丝方法制备纳米纤维的最新进展

综述了电纺制备纳米纤维的基本原理和最新发展，简要回顾了纳米纤维静电纺丝的发展历史，详细阐述了纳米纤维静电纺丝制备方法的最新进展。对文献报道的越来越多聚合物采用静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维，在静电纺丝中要想得到优良的纳米纤维，过程参数十分重要。此外，对各国研究者最近发展的几种新型的静电纺丝装置也进行了讨论。     

静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维的探讨

文章比较了各种制备纳米纤维的方法,并就如何采用静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维进行了探讨。     

高压喷气雾化静电纺制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维

提出了一种高压喷气雾化静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的方法。通过电场力和气流力的双重作用原理制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维,分析了纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压、气压和接收距离等纺丝的主要工艺参数对成形的PAN纤维的形态和直径的影响。结果表明:纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压、气流压力和接收距离等工艺条件对纤维的形态和直径有明显的影响。当纺丝液的质量分数为11%,纺丝电压为30kV,气流压力为0.8MPa,纺丝距离为40cm时,成形纤维的直径较细且均匀。     

Direct electrospinning of highly twisted,continuous nanofiber yarns

Yarns are key building blocks to construct complicated fibrous structures for diverse applications. Although carbon nanotube yarns have been fabricated by a few novel techniques, challenges still remain in processing other nano fibrous materials into yarns, especially during the fiber fabricating process. In this paper, we report a simple but efficient and versatile method to prepare well‐twisted continuous nanofiber yarns directly through an electrospinning process. The yarn electrospinning process used two oppositely charged electrospinning nozzles to generate a hollow nanofiber “cone” on an intermediate funnel collector. Continuous nanofiber yarns can be directly withdrawn from the “cone” apex, with up to 7400 turns per meter of twists inserted through the rotation of the funnel. The maximum yarn production rate is 5 m/min, and the yarn twist level and fiber orientation can be controlled by the funnel rotating speed and yarn withdrawal rate. The yarn tensile properties showed dependence on the twist level.     

毛用浆料上浆性能的测试方法

文章详细介绍了毛纱上浆用浆料的浆液和浆膜性能指标的测试原理和测试方法,包括浆液的粘附性、润湿性、混溶性,浆膜的拉伸强度、耐磨性、吸湿性、水溶性等主要性能指标,这对正确测试和评价毛纱上浆用的浆料性能,提高毛纱上浆效果等具有重要意义.     

Continuous nanofiber coated hybrid yarn produced by multi-nozzle air jet electrospinning

Multi-nozzle air-jet electrospinning was used to produce continuous viscose filament/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) nanofiber hybrid yarns. The production of PVDF nanofibers using this method was based on the principle that the rupture of bubbles results in multiple jet flows. Nanofibers ejected from multiple nozzles were gathered and bundled by conjugate electrospinning and were then twisted on the surface of a filament yarn through the rotation of a metal funnel. The structures and properties of the hybrid yarn were characterized, and spinning mechanism of this novel method was analyzed. The experimental results obtained in this study showed that PVDF nanofibers were perfectly coated on the filament yarn surface with a good orientation and displayed uniform twist distribution with a twist angle of 24.3°, as well as PVDF nanofibers integrated with the core yarn well. After coating with twisted PVDF nanofibers, the mechanical properties of the yarn improved significantly. The stress and strain of the yarn at break increased from 19.39 MPa and 15.83% to 30.82 MPa and 19.81%, respectively. In addition, the hybrid yarn contact angle reached 150° after coating with the twisted PVDF nanofibers, indicating a transformation of the yarn from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The nanofiber-coated hybrid yarn produced herein can possibly be used as a self-cleaning fabric.     

A computer vision-based system for automatic detection of misarranged warp yarns in yarn-dyed fabric. Part I: continuous segmentation of warp yarns

In textile and garment industries, misarranged warp yarns of yarn-dyed fabrics disorganize the layout of fabrics and lead to poor product quality. This series of studies aims to develop a computer vision-based system for automatic detection of misarranged color warp yarns in terms of high efficiency and good accuracy. Four main parts are included in this series of studies: warp yarn segmentation, fabric image stitching, warp regional segmentation, and yarn layout proofing. This paper proposes a continuous segmentation method of warp yarns to detect the misarranged color warp yarns for yarn-dyed fabrics automatically, which is the foundation of the developed computer vision-based system. The proposed framework consists of two main components: warp yarn segmentation and fabric image stitching. Firstly, the sequence images of a fabric stripe are captured using a designed offline image acquisition platform. Secondly, the warp yarns in the sequence images are segmented by a sub-image projection-based method successively. Thirdly, the sequence images are stitched by a yarn-template matching method based on their warp segmentation results. Finally, the continuous segmentation result of warp yarns is saved for the further processing of warp regional segmentation and color warp layout proofing. The proposed method has been evaluated on 720 fabric images of five fabric examples with plain and 2/2 twill, and experimental results show that the proposed method can realize the continuous segmentation of warp yarns in yarn-dyed fabrics with the yarn segmentation accuracy of 97.43% and image stitching accuracy of 99.53%.     

Comparison of thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics produced by hollow yarns with different hollowness ratio

In this study, the thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics produced by conventional and hollow cotton yarns with different hollowness ratio have been investigated and compared. For this purpose, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, air permeability and water vapour permeability of core spun, hollow and conventional yarn fabrics were measured and evaluated statistically. It was observed that thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics were affected by the yarn structure and the fibre distribution within the yarn. The results showed that hollow yarn fabrics had better thermal comfort properties than that of conventional yarn fabrics. In hollow yarns, as the hollowness ratio increases, air permeability and thermal conductivity of single jersey fabrics decrease but thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity and water vapour permeability increase. Statistical analysis also indicated that the differences between properties of hollow yarn fabrics and conventional yarn fabrics were significant. Furthermore, the yarn hollowness ratio significantly affects thermal comfort properties of single jersey fabrics.     

不同静电纺条件下PAN纳米纤维非织造布的含气量

静电纺是生产亚微米纤维的一个相对简单的方法,可将不同的聚合物溶液加工成纳米纤维。由于其较高的比表面积,静电纺纳米纤维应用非常广泛。通过研究静电纺纳米纤维非织造布中纤维的含量,验证了静电纺纳米纤维非织造布中的空气含量．然后导出了纤维含量与纤维半径的关系,即纤维含量与纤维半径成正比例的关系。通过实验,当PAN溶液的质量分数为8％。施加电压为20kV,接收距离为15cm时,得到的纳米纤维非织造布的空气含量可高达99％．     

双针头连续水浴静电纺的电场模拟及其纳米纤维包芯纱结构

为研究电场变化对皮芯结构纳米纤维包芯纱结构的影响,通过双针头连续水浴静电纺丝法制备了以涤纶长丝为芯纱,锦纶纳米纤维为包覆层,兼具纳米纤维特性和传统纱线力学性能的纳米纤维包芯纱。通过有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟其电场分布,探究了2个针头针尖间距对电场分布及纳米纤维包芯纱结构的影响。结果表明：静电纺丝最大电场强度出现在针尖处,随着针尖间距的增大,电场强度峰值呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势;当针尖间距为20 mm时,纳米纤维间的黏结较多;随着针尖间距的增大,纳米纤维的形貌更加均匀光滑,其直径呈减小趋势,在针尖间距为80 mm时达到最小值(74.43±10.79) nm;当针尖间距从20 mm增加到60 mm时,纳米纤维包芯纱的孔隙率从20.27%提高到44.08%。     

提高氨纶包芯纱成纱质量的措施

介绍了影响氨纶包芯纱成纱质量的三大因素：条干不匀、弹力不匀、包缠效果．对影响因素进行了分析,提出了提高氨纶包芯纱质量水平的措施。