经编双针床贾卡鞋材的网孔结构研究

针对经编双针床贾卡鞋材的网孔大多由经绒组织、经平组织与编链组织构成，在网孔形状和结构形态上较单一的问题，在研究“1×8”偏移信号的双针床贾卡组织原理与特征的基础上，进一步分析贾卡鞋材的二维和三维网孔结构的变化机制，并进行一款三维网孔结构鞋材的设计与开发。首先通过分析双针床三针贾卡技术的偏移原理与贾卡延展线的编织形态，对双针床贾卡组织单元进行分类总结；再将贾卡组织单元进行有规律的搭配设计，研究不同形状和立体效应的二维和三维网孔结构的设计原理；最后通过鞋材的原料工艺设计与贾卡组织设计，在RDPJ6/2经编机上完成一款三维网孔结构贾卡鞋材的织造。结果表明：8个偏移信号的双针床贾卡提花工艺可显著提高贾卡鞋材网孔结构的多样化和立体化，提升贾卡鞋材的穿着舒适性能和外观时尚性。     

ANV型双系统电子选针自动横机

西德施托尔(Stoll)ANV型两路进线的自动横机是一台用穿孔纸带和电子存贮器控控的针织机。前针床的编织和移圈采用电子方法进行单针选针。移圈装置也是自动控制的。该机能生产各种基本组织,例如罗纹、集圈、双反面集圈、条纹和波纹等组织的织物。衣片中部带1×1或2×2罗纹和类似规格的罗纹边也都能生产。而且组织可从双针床的变为单针床的     

四针床全成形毛衫移圈工艺及其应用

为研究四针床全成形编织技术,更好地开发全成形产品,以四针床电脑横机及SDS-ONE APPEX3设计系统为依托,对四针床全成形毛衫移圈工艺进行研究。在探讨6种移圈编织工艺技术的基础上,分析移圈工艺在全成形毛衫结构、组织上的应用。研究表明:移圈工艺通过翻针、摇床动作互相协作来实现;前下、后下针床线圈横移要分别借助后上、前上针床执行翻针;同一编织行存在不同针数、方向摇床时,遵循先小针位后大针位、先左后右原则。移圈工艺在结构上应用可改变圆筒编织横向宽度,实现织物补洞、开口编织、线圈平收以及多个圆筒或衣片的拼合;在组织上应用可形成镂空、绞花效果。研究成果为全成形毛衫的生产与开发提供了理论依据。     

移圈组织在台车上的编织

移圈组织(纱罗组织)是在纬编基本组织基础上,按照花纹要求,将某些线圈进行移圈形成的。纬编移固组织一般有这样几种形式:在横机上移固,是将一个针床的线圈移向另一个针床;在双面圆纬机上移圈,是将上针的线圈移到相对应的下针上;而在Z 201型台车上移圈则是将某些针上的线圈     

电脑横机全成形编织工艺研究

针对国内现有电脑横机全成形编织工艺复杂、效率不高、组织稀疏等问题,结合双针床电脑横机全成形编织方法,提出一种新型的多针床电脑横机全成形编织工艺。阐述该工艺编织系统的设计方法、针床结构的布局、走针路径的设计、路径转换方式等,并以1+1筒状罗纹为例分析其编织工艺。同时对比分析双针床和多针床电脑横机全成型编织工艺,包括三角系统、罗纹间距、走针路径、织针使用等。该新型全成形工艺采用满针编织方式,提高组织密度,增加翻针路径,同时进行编织和移圈,并采用内、外走针轨道改进移圈三角以减小机头宽度,可以显著提高编织效率,具有一定的可行性和实用性。     

电脑横机针床横移机构结构分析

电脑横机中针床横移机构是一个非常重要的部件,在针床横移的作用下,可编织斜纹、绞花、空花、移圈等复杂结构的织物。分析了横移机构的原理及作用,并介绍了凸轮螺旋针床横移机构和滚珠丝杠螺母副针床横移机构的结构,在此基础上比较了两者之间的优缺点,对电脑横机企业的横机设计和使用具有借鉴意义。     

四针床电脑横机全成形毛衫翻针工艺及其应用

基于四针床电脑横机的成形原理及成形方法,选用岛精公司MACH2XS15312G全成形电脑横机的SDS-ONE APPEX 3设计系统,研究四针床全成形毛衫翻针工艺。得出:翻针工艺分线圈向对侧上针床翻针和线圈向对侧下针床翻针2种形式;线圈向对侧上针床翻针可改变圈柱长度,实现全成形毛衫的移圈、管状织物在针床上的平移,编织反面线圈,但不能参与对侧针床的编织;线圈向对侧下针床翻针时,能直接参与对侧针床的编织、维持筒状编织的平衡,但线圈可能会悬挂较长时间,在翻针前需对线圈进行工艺处理。翻针工艺在肩部、领部、平袖山等部位应用。研究成果可为四针床全成形毛衫设计提供技术指导。     

2000/4T三系统电子提花横机

1979年汉诺威纺机展览会上展出了西班牙阿夫里尔(Abril)公司的2000/4T型三系统电子提花横机。该机的两个V型针床上装有高针踵和低针踵移圈针和两排选针顶针。前针床上的主横移盘以一针或两针一次的方式最大可使针床作6个针距的横移,后针床则以半针或一针一次的方式可作2(1/2)个针距的横移。机器的高弓三角座装有三套成圈三     

横机条纹面料的设计与开发

文章通过设计色纱相间排列、密度调节、移圈和前后针床交替使用等方式编织出了形式各异的针织条纹产品,并选用30 tex×3的毛线通过多次调试在手摇横机上实现了织造,形成了彩色条纹、凹凸条纹、网眼条纹等多种条纹效应的面料小样。成品与设计一致,充分展现出了其新颖的组织结构,为企业的大规模生产提供了一定的实践依据。     

全成形双层结构针织服装工艺模型研究与应用

为深入探讨全成形针织服装复杂款式结构,丰富全成形针织服装款式样板,研究了四针床全成形双层结构针织服装设计方法及编织工艺。在四针床全成形单层结构服装研究基础上,通过分析体型特征、人体运动松量和服装原型特征,设计出双层结构服装原型纸样。针对此纸样设计出一款典型双层结构上装,对其版型设计、工艺方法和成形原理进行分析。结果表明:从单层结构服装到双层结构服装转化过程中,里外层结构通过一体成形编织工艺形成款式造型;连接处模型有O型、X型、H型、XO型4种方式保持衣身平衡,以确保里外层连接处尺寸差的精确调整;细部模型通过集圈编织、局部编织形成;根据编织工艺参数及里外层服装在结构上的差异可得到适合人体曲线的全成形双层结构服装。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the