土壤全钾含量高光谱估测模型

鉴于进行高光谱遥感全钾含量估测时,全钾含量及其高光谱反射率数据受到诸多因素的影响(复杂非线性问题),具有较大的模糊性和随机性,采用模糊识别理论建立数学模型对全钾含量进行估测。对横山县采集的84个土样350~2 500nm波段的光谱曲线,利用对数的一阶微分方法计算土壤全钾含量与光谱反射率的相关系数,然后根据极大相关性原则选择最佳波段作为光谱反演指标。经剔除异常样本后,考虑所有反演指标的组合方式,通过各个预测模型精度的对比,找出最佳全钾含量估测模型。     

高光谱反演叶片叶绿素及全氮含量

植物的含氮量和叶绿素含量指示了植被的健康状况.本文利用野外采集的叶片样本获取叶片的光谱反射率及叶绿素和全氮的含量,分析和利用高光谱数据反演叶片叶绿素及全氮含量的可行性及精度.鉴于高光谱数据存在冗余这一特性,本次试验采取了偏最小二乘法来对光谱数据进行回归分析,进行叶绿素和氮素含量的估算.同时,本文也比较了叶片叶绿素含量和氮素含量在不同单位表达形式下,偏最小二乘法对其的估算精度.试验结果表明,基于偏最小二乘法分析叶片反射率估测叶片的叶绿素含量及全氮含量具有很好的结果,精度全都达到85%以上,具有应用价值.     

光谱微分技术在高光谱遥感浅海海底底质中的应用初探

采用光谱微分技术进行了高光谱遥感反演浅海海底底质的初步研究。首先,利用半分析海洋辐射传递模型模拟不同海底底质的光学浅水高光谱遥感反射比数据集;然后,利用光谱微分技术建立海底底质识别算法;最后利用水槽模拟数据来验证。结果表明本文建立的反演算法可以应用于泥砂类和植物类底质的区分。     

苹果叶片氮含量高光谱反演方法对比

快速、无损、及时地准确估算苹果叶片氮含量是保证苹果产量和质量的基础,利用高光谱技术对苹果叶片氮含量进行遥感反演可为合理施肥提供理论依据.利用2012年和2013年山东省肥城市潮泉镇下寨村不同生育期的苹果叶片氮含量和相应的叶片光谱数据进行分析和建模.首先分析了叶片氮含量与原始光谱、一阶微分及三边光谱指数之间的相关性,筛选...     

基于资源一号02D高光谱卫星影像的青海湖悬浮物浓度反演研究

水体悬浮物浓度是描述水体光学特性的一个重要参数。卫星遥感具有大范围、快速、高频次动态监测的优势,有助于加强对青海湖水环境质量的监测,降低监测成本。而资源一号02D(ZY1-02D)卫星高光谱影像作为新的数据源,具有高空间分辨率、高光谱分辨率的优点,为湖泊的水质高精度监测提供了可能性。为了验证ZY1-02D高光谱相机在水质遥感监测应用中的适用性,以ZY1-02D高光谱影像为遥感数据源,同时辅助实测数据,构建青海湖悬浮物浓度反演模型,并进行精度验证,评价模型的准确性,最后将模型应用于青海湖悬浮物浓度反演。研究结果表明：青海湖悬浮浓度反演模型平均相对误差为21.1%,均方根误差为0.296 mg/L,精度较好,青海湖悬浮物浓度反演结果呈现湖心低岸边高的特征,与同期Sentinl-2和同期Landsat 8数据反演结果进行对比,反演结果保持一致,说明ZY1-02D高光谱影像能够作为悬浮物浓度遥感反演的数据源之一。     

高光谱遥感技术的铅污染监测应用研究

从高光谱技术的发展及其在植被遥感领域的应用出发，探讨了植被高光谱特征研究及其常用分析方法，对在营养胁迫情况下植物的叶绿素等变化对高光谱遥感响应的特征进行分析；归纳了获得优势应用的植被指数和导数光谱，植被光谱信息提取方法；总结了土壤遭受重金属铅污染及其对植物的影响的机理；针对遭受污染胁迫的植物的地面高光谱特征提出了利用地面高光谱遥感技术作为土壤及植物重金属污染的遥感监测手段；在探讨其应用现状的同时展望了高光谱遥感数据支撑与校验的应用前景。     

基于ASTER数据黑河中游植被含水量反演研究

植被含水量是影响植物生长的主要限制因子之一,也是衡量植被生理状态和形态结构的重要参数。应用遥感技术定量估测植被含水量,对于农业旱情监测、作物产量估计和科学研究具有重要意义。基于2012年黑河生态水文遥感试验期间获得的6景ASTER遥感数据和同步观测的研究区生物量观测数据集,选取NDVI、RVI、SAVI和MSAVI 4种植被指数分别与单位面积内植被含水量的关系进行比较分析,建立了不同植被指数的植被含水量反演模型,并对反演结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:4种植被指数均与实测的植被含水量有较高的相关性(R20.846),利用MSAVI反演的植被含水量精度略优于其他3种指数,其均方根误差(RMSE)在0.794kg/m2内。模型较为可靠,可以为大范围获取植被含水量信息提供有效方法。     

星载高光谱红外传感器反演大气痕量气体综述

利用遥感监测全球尺度上的痕量气体分布以及动态变化,对于理解对流层大气化学以及温室气体的源与汇具有重要的意义。本文首先介绍了国内外用于痕量气体探测的高光谱红外传感器的发展,由辐射传输方程出发分析了大气痕量气体遥感反演的特点,从前向模型、先验知识和最小化代价函数方案三个方面阐述了大气痕量气体遥感反演方案,最后指出了目前利用星载高光谱红外遥感数据反演大气痕量气体存在的一些问题以及可能的解决方案。     

高光谱遥感在生态系统研究中的应用进展

遥感技术在生态系统调查与研究中具有广阔的应用潜力,但是传统的多光谱遥感主要侧重在面上的普查,很难对生态系统中各种复杂地物属性和生化参量进行精确反演。高光谱遥感突破了光谱分辨率的限制,大大提高了人们获取多种生态系统模型输入参数的类型和精度。在阐述高光谱遥感的原理和信息特点的基础上,系统评述了目前国内外高光谱遥感在生态系统过程与属性研究中的应用,并对未来高光谱遥感在生态学领域的研究方向做出展望。      

土壤全氮含量与碳氮比的高光谱反射估测影响因素研究

基于土壤高光谱反射特征可以实现土壤全氮(TN)含量与碳氮比(C∶N)等土壤属性的快速、无损测定,但其估测模型受土壤颗粒粒径水平与光谱指数(预处理)等因素影响。通过研磨准备2、0.25和0.15 mm共3个水平颗粒粒径的土样,分析了原始(RAW)及多次散射校正MSC(Multiple Scattering Correction)、一阶微分FD(First Derivative)、连续统去除CR(Continuum Removal)等预处理的土壤反射光谱与TN含量、碳氮比变化之间的关系,发现土壤研磨可以提高反射光谱对TN含量变化的响应,而FD、CR与MSC等光谱预处理能够明显缩小不同颗粒粒径水平土样的光谱反射-TN含量、碳氮比相关性差异。结果表明:0.25 mm颗粒粒径土样的FD预处理光谱在2 250 nm和2 280 nm处分别与TN含量、碳氮比变化存在最大相关,但最大相关单波段线性回归模型的TN含量、碳氮比估测精度不如全波段光谱PLSR模型。其中,0.25 mm土样RAW光谱全波段PLSR模型估测TN含量的表现最佳(RPD=3.49,R²=0.92,RMSEP=0.1 g/kg);而碳氮比的估测结果并不十分理想,其最优估测模型(0.25 mm土样FD预处理的全波段PLSR模型)的RPD仅为1.21,可能与土样的碳氮比变化范围较小有关,在以后的研究中可以尝试采集更多的样本数量或土壤类型,使训练样本具有较大的变量范围,以取得较好的估测效果。     

Optimizing predictive models for leaf chlorophyll concentration based on continuous wavelet analysis of hyperspectral data

Recent studies have demonstrated that the decomposition of hyperspectral data using wavelet analysis is able to generate wavelet coefficients that can be used for estimating leaf chlorophyll (chl) concentrations. However, there is considerable scope for refining such techniques and this study addresses this issue by identifying the optimal spectral domain for use in constructing predictive models. Leaf reflectance spectra were simulated with the PROSPECT model (a model of leaf optical properties spectra) using randomly selected values for the input parameters. From reflectance and first derivative spectra different spectral wavelength domains were extracted, ranging from 400–450 to 400–2500 nm, using increments of 50 nm for the upper wavelength limit. Using the data for each wavelength domain, continuous wavelet decomposition was applied using 53 different wavelets, in turn. The resulting wavelet coefficients, from scales 1 to 128, were used as independent factors to construct predictive models for leaf chl concentration. Wavelet coefficients (at a specific scale generated by a given wavelet) in the chl absorption region remain constant when using spectral wavelength domains of 400–900 nm and broader, but narrower domains cause variability in the coefficients. Lower scale wavelet coefficients (scales 1–32) contain little information on chl concentration and their predictive performance does not vary with the spectral wavelength domain used. The higher scale wavelet coefficients (scales 64 and 128) can capture information on chl concentration, and predictive capability increases rapidly when the spectral wavelength domains vary from 400–700 to 400–900 nm but it can decrease or fluctuate for broader domains. In terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, models derived from the spectral wavelength domain 400–900 nm which use wavelet coefficients from scale 64 are optimal and a range of wavelet functions are suitable for performing the decomposition. The importance of optimizing the spectral wavelength domain highlighted by these findings has broader significance for the use of wavelet decomposition of hyperspectral data in quantifying other vegetation biochemicals and in other remote sensing applications.     

An AOTF-based hyperspectral imaging system for field use in ecophysiological and agricultural applications

An AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter)-based spectral imager was developed for hyperspectral measurement of plant reflectance in the field. A hyperspectral image cube for the spectral region between 450-900 nm could be acquired at 3 to 5 nm resolution intervals within a few seconds. The system was light and compact, and both the spectral wavelengths and intervals were programmable with PC control. Wavelengths could be tuned rapidly, either sequentially or randomly. The hyperspectral image cube for rice canopies obtained by the system showed its potential in the estimation of leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations. The AOTF-based hyperspectral system would have great potential for further investigations in remote sensing of biochemical and ecophysiological plant variables.     

Random forest regression and spectral band selection for estimating sugarcane leaf nitrogen concentration using EO-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important limiting nutrients for sugarcane production. Conventionally, sugarcane N concentration is examined using direct methods such as collecting leaf samples from the field followed by analytical assays in the laboratory. These methods do not offer real-time, quick, and non-destructive strategies for estimating sugarcane N concentration. Methods that take advantage of remote sensing, particularly hyperspectral data, can present reliable techniques for predicting sugarcane leaf N concentration. Hyperspectral data are extremely large and of high dimensionality. Many hyperspectral features are redundant due to the strong correlation between wavebands that are adjacent. Hence, the analysis of hyperspectral data is complex and needs to be simplified by selecting the most relevant spectral features. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of a random forest (RF) regression algorithm for selecting spectral features in hyperspectral data necessary for predicting sugarcane leaf N concentration. To achieve this, two Hyperion images were captured from fields of 6–7 month-old sugarcane, variety N19. The machine-learning RF algorithm was used as a feature-selection and regression method to analyse the spectral data. Stepwise multiple linear (SML) regression was also examined to predict the concentration of sugarcane leaf N after the reduction of the redundancy in hyperspectral data. The results showed that sugarcane leaf N concentration can be predicted using both non-linear RF regression (coefficient of determination, R ²?=?0.67; root mean square error of validation (RMSEV)?=?0.15%; 8.44% of the mean) and SML regression models (R ²?=?0.71; RMSEV?=?0.19%; 10.39% of the mean) derived from the first-order derivative of reflectance. It was concluded that the RF regression algorithm has potential for predicting sugarcane leaf N concentration using hyperspectral data.     

Leaf chlorophyll content retrieval from airborne hyperspectral remote sensing imagery

Hyperspectral remote sensing has great potential for accurate retrieval of forest biochemical parameters. In this paper, a hyperspectral remote sensing algorithm is developed to retrieve total leaf chlorophyll content for both open spruce and closed forests, and tested for open forest canopies. Ten black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) stands near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, were selected as study sites, where extensive field and laboratory measurements were carried out to collect forest structural parameters, needle and forest background optical properties, and needle biophysical parameters and biochemical contents chlorophyll a and b. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing imagery was acquired, within one week of ground measurements, by the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) in a hyperspectral mode, with 72 bands and half bandwidth 4.25-4.36 nm in the visible and near-infrared region and a 2 m spatial resolution. The geometrical-optical model 4-Scale and the modified leaf optical model PROSPECT were combined to estimate leaf chlorophyll content from the CASI imagery. Forest canopy reflectance was first estimated with the measured leaf reflectance and transmittance spectra, forest background reflectance, CASI acquisition parameters, and a set of stand parameters as inputs to 4-Scale. The estimated canopy reflectance agrees well with the CASI measured reflectance in the chlorophyll absorption sensitive regions, with discrepancies of 0.06%-1.07% and 0.36%-1.63%, respectively, in the average reflectances of the red and red-edge region. A look-up-table approach was developed to provide the probabilities of viewing the sunlit foliage and background, and to determine a spectral multiple scattering factor as functions of leaf area index, view zenith angle, and solar zenith angle. With the look-up tables, the 4-Scale model was inverted to estimate leaf reflectance spectra from hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. Good agreements were obtained between the inverted and measured leaf reflectance spectra across the visible and near-infrared region, with R² = 0.89 to R² = 0.97 and discrepancies of 0.02%-3.63% and 0.24%-7.88% in the average red and red-edge reflectances, respectively. Leaf chlorophyll content was estimated from the retrieved leaf reflectance spectra using the modified PROSPECT inversion model, with R² = 0.47, RMSE = 4.34 μg/cm², and jackknifed RMSE of 5.69 μg/cm² for needle chlorophyll content ranging from 24.9 μg/cm² to 37.6 μg/cm². The estimates were also assessed at leaf and canopy scales using chlorophyll spectral indices TCARI/OSAVI and MTCI. An empirical relationship of simple ratio derived from the CASI imagery to the ground-measured leaf area index was developed (R² = 0.88) to map leaf area index. Canopy chlorophyll content per unit ground surface area was then estimated, based on the spatial distributions of leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area and the leaf area index.     

新庙泡叶绿素a浓度高光谱定量模型研究

利用吉林省新庙泡的高光谱实测数据和水质采样分析数据,尝试通过单波段、波段比值、一阶微分和峰谷间距法建立叶绿素a反演模型。结果表明:单波段光谱反射率与叶绿素a浓度的相关性较差,不宜用于该区域的叶绿素a浓度估算;680 nm和700 nm波段反射率之比、700 nm处光谱一阶微分值和两波段峰谷间距反演模型都具有较高的决定系数,分别为0.783 4、0.792 7、0.796 9,验证模型的决定系数为0.651 3、0.431 7、0.756 4,均方根误差分别为8.69μg·L-1、14.50μg·L-1、10.04μg·L-1,显著水平P<0.01。这3种方法皆可以用于新庙泡叶绿素a浓度的定量遥感,其中又以峰谷间距法为最优。     

Discriminant analysis of nitrogen treatments in switchgrass and high biomass sorghum using leaf and canopy-scale reflectance spectroscopy

Recent advances in imaging, laboratory, and field spectroscopy (sometimes referred to as hyperspectral remote sensing) provide a unique opportunity to obtain critical information needed for understanding nitrogen (N) management in crop production systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify wavelength regions and phenological timing useful for the prediction of N status from canopy and leaf spectra. Leaf and canopy spectral data were collected using an ASD FieldSpec FR spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm) at monthly intervals during 2011 and 2012. The crops evaluated in the study were switchgrass ‘Alamo’ (Panicum virgatum L.) and high biomass sorghum ‘Blade 5200’ (Sorghum bicolor) grown to evaluate N applications rates on biomass yield and quality. The optimal wavelengths were determined based on principal component analysis (PCA) and the separation of the N treatments using stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). The results showed similar canopy and leaf-scale reflectance for high biomass sorghum but not for switchgrass. The wavelengths found to be most important for separating the N treatments were 520–560, 650–690 nm (visible region), and 710–730 nm (red-edge region). Triangular greenness index (TGI) was the most useful index for discriminating the N application rates. The best time for differentiating the different N treatments was 4–6 weeks after planting or 2–4 weeks after N fertilization in high biomass sorghum and within 4 weeks after green-up in switchgrass. In general, the results indicate that spectroscopy is a viable tool that could be used to estimate the biochemical and biophysical characteristics in bioenergy crop production systems.     

基于Hyperion影像的高光谱水汽含量反演的算法比较研究

基于高光谱遥感图像数据的大气参数反演和一体化辐射校正具有重要研究意义和应用价值。首先,通过6S模型辐射传输计算分析了EO-1/Hyperion遥感影像在940和1 130nm附近水汽吸收区域的光谱吸收特点。其次,采用两通道比值法和三通道比值法,比较了不同波段组合的大气含水量高光谱遥感反演精度并进行了敏感性分析,模拟实验结果表明采用三波段比值算法的相关系数和均方根误差均优于对应的两波段算法。最后,利用张掖地区2008年3景EO-1Hyperion高光谱遥感影像,反演了大气含水量,并与地基CE-318太阳分光光度计测量数据进行对比验证,结果表明:1 124nm水汽吸收通道反演精度优于940nm,两通道和三通道比值法的均方根误差分别为0.369和0.128g/cm2,三通道比值方法优于两通道比值方法,与地面观测结果一致。     

高光谱技术提取不同作物叶片类胡萝卜素信息

以棉花、玉米、大豆、甘薯四种作物为材料，各采集叶片30张(处于不同部位、不同功能期)，分别测定其反射光谱和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量。目的在于探讨利用高光谱技术提取类胡萝卜素信息的可行性方法。结果表明，由于叶绿素与类胡萝卜素间存在显的相关性，在叶片水平，利用高光谱反射率估测叶片类胡萝卜素绝对量是可行的。与类胡萝卜素／叶绿素比值或类胡萝卜素含量相比，类胡萝卜素密度(单位叶片面积类胡萝卜素总量，Cardens)与光谱反射率间的相关性更为稳定。类胡萝卜素光谱吸收峰(470nm)附近的反射光谱与Cardens间的相关性较差，基于类胡萝卜素吸收峰附近反射光谱的光谱指数(如PSSRc、PSNDc)与Cardens间也表现出较弱的相关性。叶绿素光谱指数(如SR705、ND705)与Cardens间存在良好的相关性，红边光谱区的微分光谱、包络线归一化吸收深度等高光谱指数与Cardens间也表现出了良好的相关性。     

江苏西溪贝丘遗址的高光谱遥感考古研究

针对江苏西溪贝丘遗址,通过样品采集对干净贝壳、自然状况下贝壳、土壤样品和地表裸地进行了光谱测量和分析。研究发现贝壳具有明显的光谱特征吸收峰,中心波长为2288nm处,吸收峰带宽在2098~2335nm范围内,与背景土壤粘土2180nm处的特征吸收峰和大多数碳酸岩类地表矿物质2350nm附近的吸收峰具有很好的可区分性。结合贝壳2288nm处特征吸收峰,利用该贝丘遗址发掘前的空间分辨率为6.6m的128波段OMIS航空高光谱遥感飞行数据成功地对该贝丘遗址信息进行有效地提取和圈定。本研究为利用高光谱遥感进行贝丘遗址考古提供了理论依据和有效技术途径。     

滨海盐土重金属含量高光谱遥感研究

高光谱遥感凭借其极高的光谱分辨率在获取有机质、矿物质等土壤组分定量信息的研究中表现出非凡的潜力。以如东县洋口镇为研究区,通过对土壤反射光谱的测量和同步的土壤化学分析,研究了土壤重金属Cr、Cu、Ni与土壤粘土矿物、铁锰氧化物以及碳酸盐之间的赋存关系。利用光谱一阶微分、倒数对数和连续统去除法对土壤光谱的处理,获得了土壤成分的特征波段,通过土壤重金属与土壤光谱变量的相关分析,并利用逐步回归分析方法,确立了3种重金属元素的最佳遥感模型。结果表明,研究区3种重金属与波长429 nm、470 nm、490 nm、1 430 nm、2 398 nm、2 455 nm处光谱变量具有很好的相关性,在所建立的逐步回归模型中,以一阶微分处理的模型精度最高。研究结果可以为高光谱遥感技术反演土壤重金属含量,进一步应用空间或航空遥感进行大尺度环境污染遥感、遥测信息提取和反演提供技术支撑。