硬脂酸二茂铁酯L—B膜修饰SnO2电极的阻抗研究

测定了二茂铁衍生物——硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜修饰SnO_2电极在Fe(CN)_6~(3-/4-)溶液中的阻抗性能,用单纯形法求出了等效电路中的元件参数值,计算了电极反应速度常数K_s。从分析SnO_2电极修饰不同层的硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜的界面阻抗和电极反应的动力学性能,表明与在固相中研究的硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜的阻抗性能明显不同,在Fe(CN)_6~(3-/4-)溶液中表现了电活性分子修饰电极的界面阻抗行为,进一步证实了修饰在SnO_2电极上的硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜在Fe(CN)_6~(3-/4-)的氧化还原电极反应过程中,起电荷传递的中介作用。     

电活性分子L-B膜修饰CdSe薄膜电极的光电化学研究

用电活性分子——硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜修饰了薄膜CdSe电极,在单色光650nm光照下用循环伏安法研究修饰的薄膜电极的光电化学性能。研究结果指出经多层L-B膜修饰后,薄膜CdSe电极的,I-V性能和光稳定性都有明显改善。用界面能级关系讨论了硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜在光照的CdSe薄膜/Fe(CN)_6~(4-)溶液界面起传递电荷的中介作用,加速了界面的电荷转移。     

修饰的薄膜CdSe电极／Fe（CN）6^4—溶液界面的电荷转移

本文研究了硬脂酸二茂铁酯L-B膜修饰的薄膜Cdse电极的光诱发界面多相电荷转移过程。通过测量异相电荷转移反应速度常数K_(et),进一步分析了修饰的薄膜CdSe电极光电化学过程的可能反应速度控制步。分析表明界面的电荷转移是反应的速度控制步。薄膜CdSe电极可以通过选择电活性修饰分子和溶液中氧化还原离子来进一步提高和改善其光电化学性能。     

n-CdSe/Fe(CN)_6~(4~-/3~-)光阳极上的光氧化竞争反应及用L-B技术修饰电极的影响

用旋转环盘电极研究了还原剂K_4Fe(CN)_6与n-CdSe光阳极上的竞争空穴的氧化反应,证明还原剂捕获光生空穴的途径为直接自价带俘获空穴。又利用L-B技术在n-CdSe电极表面修饰硬脂酸二茂铁酯,结果表明还原剂俘获光生空穴的能力增强,电极的稳定系数提高。     

酞菁锌衍生物L—B膜的光电性能研究

用L-B膜方法在SnO_2电极上修饰了不同链长烷氧基取代的酞菁锌化合物(ZnPc C_nH_(2n+1),n=3,9,12,16),分别研究了它们单分子膜成膜性能和转移性能,并测定了修饰在SnO_2电极上的单多层分子膜的光电性能和吸收光谱。研究结果指出链短的取代基即异丙氧基取代的酞菁锌(ZnPcC_3H_7(i))具有较高的转移比及较好的光电性能。     

有机化合物的光物理研究 ⅩⅢ.β-萘甲酸十六碳酯在L-B膜中基态二聚体及激基缔合物形成的研究

制备了β-萘甲酸十六碳酯的L-B膜。分别用Y型、Z型,以及含有硬脂酸的β-萘甲酸十六碳酯与单纯硬脂酸间隔挂法,将分子膜转移至石英载片上,研究了β-萘甲酸十六碳酯分子膜吸收以及荧光光谱。并与溶液和固态中的荧光光谱作了比较。在氯仿溶液以及在固态,β-萘甲酸十六碳酯只呈现其单体的荧光。然而,在L-B膜中,除了观察到单体的荧光外,还观察到了激发态二聚体以及激基缔合物发射的荧光。通过对β-萘甲酸十六碳酯分子膜进行热和水处理后,发现L-B膜中亲水层的介质环境有所改变,从而造成亲水层中的亲水基团的某些物理和化学性质的改变。根据实验事实,提出了β-萘甲酸十六碳酯二聚体和激基缔合物在L-B膜中形成的机制。     

马来酸酐改性蔗糖酯的制备及性能

为了克服蔗糖酯的水溶性差和有盐与酸性条件下乳化性能差的缺陷,该文采用马来酸酐对硬脂酸蔗糖酯进行改性,在硬脂酸蔗糖酯分子中引入羧基,设计合成了阴离子-非离子两性表面活性剂马来酸硬脂酸蔗糖酯(Sucrose stearate-maleate,MSS)。通过1HNMR和ESI-MS确证了产品结构。与硬脂酸蔗糖酯相比,MSS具有优良的水溶性。在酸性和有盐条件下,MSS的乳化性能较硬脂酸蔗糖酯得到了显著提高。同时发现,MSS还具有优异的硬水稳定性(5级)。     

二茂铁基超支化聚(胺)酯的抗迁移性研究

将二茂铁基超支化聚(胺)酯(HPAE-Fc)添加到端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)中老化,通过紫外分光光度计测定了HTPB基体中二茂铁基团含量,并计算了HPAE-Fc迁移率,与二茂铁、叔丁基二茂铁的迁移率进行了对比.研究结果表明:HPAE-Fc的迁移率远低于二茂铁、叔丁基二茂铁,迁移率随着相对分子质量的增大而减小,迁移率由高到低的顺序为二茂铁、叔丁基二茂铁、HPAE-Fc;各物质的迁移率随时间延长或温度提高而增加.实验结果表明:与二茂铁和叔丁基二茂铁相比,HPAE-Fc在HTPB中具有较强的抗迁移性能.HPAE-Fc在HTPB中抗迁移性的机理为高的相对分子质量、化学组成与结构、较强的分子间作用力、良好的相容性和与HTPB形成氢键等因素共同作用的结果.     

新颖金属卟啉膜修饰电极的研制和对分子氧的催化

本文采用三种方法(滴涂,SAM和CV法)将修饰剂[PyTPPMn(Ⅲ)]Cl修饰与玻碳电极表面,并用循环伏安法研究了修饰电极在各种介质中对分子氧的催化性能。发现该卟啉化合物对分子氧均具有一定的催化还原作用,并就其在各种介质(0．5mol／LH2SO4、乙醇和0．1mol／L碳酸钠溶液)中的催化还原机理做了深入的讨论。比较三种方法修饰的电极,按CV法制得的[PyTPPMn(Ⅲ)]Cl膜修饰电极,修饰剂吸附牢固,响应灵敏、稳定。有望作为检测溶液中分子氧和双氧水的传感器。     

二茂铁端基修饰的超支化聚（胺-酯）的合成与表征

首先以二乙醇胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,通过Michael加成反应制备A2B型前驱单体N,N-二羟乙基-3-氨基丙烯酸甲酯,然后以三羟甲基丙烷为反应中心核,采用有核准一步法合成羟端基超支化聚(胺-酯)(HPAE);最后利用二茂铁甲酸对HPAE进行端基改性,得到了二茂铁端基修饰的超支化聚(胺-酯)(HPAE-Fc)。HPAE-Fc的合成条件:w(催化剂)=2.5%(相对于反应物总质量),反应温度为140℃,反应物投料比n(OH)∶n(二茂铁甲酸)为1∶0.8,反应时间为4 h。采用FTIR、1HNMR、UV-vis、DSC和羟值等手段对HPAE-Fc的结构进行了表征,表明二茂铁基团成功地接枝到了HPAE分子表面,接枝率达70%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。