基于孔隙控制的车身结构树脂传递模塑成型工艺设计

以典型车身结构B柱为研究对象,结合实验与仿真分析研究其树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺的优化设计方法。研究了通过注射方式的优化控制树脂流动前沿,从而达到降低制件孔隙率和保证制件质量的目的。首先通过自制的变厚度渗透率测试模具获取所选用织物的渗透率,之后通过真空辅助RTM实验与对应模拟仿真进行对比分析来验证所采用仿真方法与渗透率数据的可靠性。最后结合充模周期与孔隙率控制理论对RTM工艺注射口分布及注射方式进行优化设计。结果表明,针对所选定车身结构,优化速率注射方式所获得的制件孔隙率最低,但充模周期较长,而基于双点注射的恒流量注射方式能较好地兼顾充模周期与制件孔隙率的要求。     

高性能复合材料的树脂传递模塑技术

从成型原理及特性、预成型加工、高性能树脂、应用及展望等五个方面,对用于高性能复合材料的树脂传递模塑(RTM)技术进行了全面的评述。     

6421双马来酰亚胺树脂的反应流变性及树脂传递模塑成型工艺研究

对用于RTM工艺的6421双马来酰亚胺（BMI）树脂体系的反应流变特性进行了研究，并根据流变特性确定RTM工艺的两个主要参数：模具温度110－140摄氏度，注射压力小于0．5MPa，结果表明，按此工艺条件可顺利成型先进RTM复合材料，且复合材料的表面质量良好，孔隙率低，达到先进复合材料的性能要求，同时对RTM成型的编织复合材料的力学性能进行了初步的表征。     

缝合夹层结构复合材料树脂传递模塑成型工艺充模仿真

对复合材料与金属经缝合连接形成的夹层结构板的树脂传递模塑成型（RTM）工艺进行了充模模拟研究。首先通过实验和数值计算的方法,分别获得缝合夹层结构织物和芯层孔洞的渗透率;随后,建立能够反映缝孔内流动情况的二维和三维简化模型,进行RTM充模仿真,讨论不同工艺参数对成型流动的影响;最后通过成型实验验证工艺的可行性。缝线与孔洞直径之比为0.3~0.8时,孔洞渗透率随缝线直径的增大而减小,预制体织物渗透率与孔洞渗透率相差两个数量级;缝孔内容易产生缺陷,没有缺陷的区域随着注射压力的增加、孔洞密度和芯层厚度的减小而增大,在芯层表面沿每排孔洞单向开槽能够改善树脂在孔洞内的浸润;线注射时,树脂整体流动情况优于点注射,而点注射时,将进胶口设置在一角,能够减少表面干斑。     

树脂传递模塑—复合材料成型新工艺

树脂传递模塑是一种新型的树脂基复合材料成型方法，具有许多独特的优点，近年来发展迅速。本文全面综述了该方法的工艺过程及研究应用概况，介绍了今后进一步发展的方向。     

树脂传递模塑-复合材料成型新工艺

树脂传递模塑是一种新型的树脂基复合材料成型方法 ,具有许多独特的优点 ,近年来发展迅速。本文全面综述了该方法的工艺过程及研究应用概况 ,介绍了今后进一步发展的方向。     

树脂传递模塑成型工艺复合材料孔隙表征和孔隙形成预测研究进展

复合材料制造缺陷严重影响制品的力学性能,通过对缺陷形成规律的探究,可以有效降低缺陷形成,提高制品力学性能。孔隙在各类工艺中有着较高的形成概率,在树脂传递模塑成型(RTM)工艺中更是如此,孔隙也因此成为被研究最多的制造缺陷。本文从试验的角度介绍了RTM工艺中形成的孔隙的特征以及孔隙在线监测法、密度法、超声波法、显微镜法和显微CT法等孔隙表征手段,描述了RTM工艺孔隙的形成机理,并综述了充模过程中孔隙形成过程的数值模拟研究与应用现状,最后展望了RTM工艺复合材料孔隙预测的发展方向。     

树脂传递模塑成型注模过程的光纤光栅监测

有效监测树脂传递模塑成型(RTM)的树脂注模过程对于生产大型共固化复合材料结构十分必要.本文重点讨论利用光栅传感器监测注模过程的树脂流动问题.本文在复合材料层的不同位置布置了1个温度传感器用来监测温度,2个应变传感器用来监测树脂流动前沿到达时间,试验结果表明50 min和115 min时树脂流动前沿分别到达No.1和No.2应变传感器,166 min时完成注模,此时监测温度为最低的24.59℃.光栅传感器完全可实现树脂传递模塑注模过程的监测.     

RTM 工艺充模过程数值模拟及实验比较

树脂传递模塑(RTM ) 工艺越来越成为一种高效的先进纤维增强复合材料的制造方法, 其中RTM 的充模过程是一个很重要的步骤。本文对增强材料各向异性的二维RTM 充模过程进行数值模拟, 并把数值模拟结果和实验结果相比较。      

树脂传递模塑过程的数学描述和数值模拟进展

树脂传递模塑(resin transfer molding,RTM)过程的数值模拟对于优化工艺参数和模具设计、控制制品质量等具有重要意义.本文简述了RTM工艺的流体流动特点,介绍了RTM工艺过程数值模拟的理论基础,综述了RTM工艺过程数值模拟的发展历程,并展望了其发展趋势.     

Numerical simulation of molding-defect formation during resin transfer molding

The present study investigated a numerical simulation of molding-defect formation during resin transfer molding using boundary element method and line dynamics. The proposed method enables to simulate small molding defects by increasing the node for required position during time evolution; thereby, the method computes high-resolution flow front without being affected by the initial mesh geometry. The method was applied to the radial injection RTM with single inlet, and it was confirmed by comparison with theoretical value based on Darcy’s law that the flow advancement was computed with high accuracy. In addition, the method was also applied to the flow advancement for inclusion problem with cylinder, and four-point injection problem. The simulated flow behavior, void formation, and shrinkage agreed with the results in references. Finally, the method was compared with experiments using two-point injection problem. The computed configuration of the flow front and weld line agreed well with the experimental results.     

Three-dimensional process cycle simulation of composite parts manufactured by resin transfer molding

A process cycle of resin transfer molding (RTM) consists of two sequential stages, i.e. filling and curing stages. These two stages are interrelated in non-isothermal processes so that the curing stage is dominated by the resin flow as well as temperature and conversion distributions during the filling stage. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account both filling and curing stages to analyze the process cycle accurately. In this paper, a full three-dimensional process cycle simulation of RTM is performed. Full three-dimensional analysis is necessary for thick parts or parts having complex shape. A computer code is developed based on the control volume/finite element method (CV/FEM). The resulting computer code can provide information regarding flow progression and pressure field during mold filling; and temperature distribution and degree of cure distribution for a process cycle. The computer code can also be used for process cycle simulation of composite structures with complex geometry and with various molding strategies including switching injection strategy, multiple gate injection strategy and variable mold wall temperature. Numerical examples provided in the present work show the capabilities of the computer code in analyzing the process cycle.     

Data assimilation through integration of stochastic resin flow simulation with visual observation during vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding: A numerical study

This study investigated data assimilation through integration of visual observation with a stochastic numerical simulation of resin flow during vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The data assimilation was performed using the four-dimensional asynchronous ensemble square root filter and a stochastic numerical simulation by means of the Karhunen–Loève expansion of the permeability field. Through numerical experiments of linear flow, it was verified that the estimation accuracy of the resin impregnation behavior improved compared to that when using conventional data assimilation and that the permeability field could be estimated simultaneously, although it is not explicitly related to the observation. We also investigated the applicability of the proposed method to radial-injection VaRTM by varying the model thickness. The proposed method successfully estimated the resin impregnation behavior and permeability field. Additionally, the required condition for the number of ensemble members was clarified.     

All-polyamide composites prepared by resin transfer molding

Resin transfer molding (RTM) was used to manufacture all-polyamide (all-PA) composites in which PA6 matrix was in situ formed by the anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam (CL). Influence of molding temperature (T _M), a critical process parameter, on the structure and properties of all-PA composites was investigated using TGA, DSC, SEM, and tensile, flexural test. Increasing T _M resulted in the decrease of CL conversion and the enhancement of fiber/matrix interface bonding. By comparing the mechanical properties of all-PA composites prepared at different T _M (140–200 °C), an optimal T _M (180 °C) was found in this temperature range. As a whole, the complete consolidation of all-PA composites and the remarkable reinforcing effect of PA66 fibers on PA6 matrix were assured by low-void fraction, high-CL conversion and strong interface performance though in a wide T _M range.     

Experimental validation of post-filling flow in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processes

In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes with compliant tool, such as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process (VARTM), resin flow continues even after the inlet is closed due to the preform deformation and pressure gradient developed during infusion. The resin flow and thickness changes continue until the resin pressure becomes uniform or the resin gels. This post-filling behavior is important as it will determine the final thickness and fiber volume fraction distribution in the cured composite. In this paper, a previously proposed one dimensional coupled flow and deformation process model has been compared with the experimental data in which the resin pressure and part thickness at various locations during the post-filling stage is recorded. Two different post-infusion scenarios are examined in order to determine their impact on the final part fiber volume fraction and thickness. The effects of different venting arrangements are demonstrated. The model predictions compare favorably with the experimental data, with the minor discrepancies arising due to the variability of material properties.     

Application of the level set method to the simulation of resin transfer molding

A new methodology is presented to simulate mold filling in resin transfer molding (RTM) using a combination of the level set and boundary element methods (BEMs). RTM is a composite manufacturing process where a liquid resin is injected in a closed rigid mold containing a dry fibrous reinforcement. Process simulation is motivated by the importance of tracking accurately the motion of the flow front during the mold filling stage. The BEM solves the equation governing the resin flow and the level set method is implemented to track the resin front in the mold. This formulation opens up new opportunities to improve RTM flow simulations and optimize injection molds. The present paper focuses on isothermal resin flow in undeformable porous medium. The implementation of the numerical algorithm is described and several examples of two-dimensional filling with single or multiple injection gates are presented. The robustness of the coupling and the ability to predict accurately the position of the front by this new model are discussed. It is also shown how dry spot formation can be tracked precisely during the simulation and how a generalization of this approach allows predicting resin flow across obstacles.     

新型树脂传递模塑技术

概述了传统树脂传递模塑(RTM)及在其基础上发展起来的新型RTM工艺,包括真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)、Seemann复合材料树脂浸渍模塑成型工艺(SCRIMP)和树脂膜渗透成型工艺(RFI)的成型原理、优点,并指出目前存在的缺点及解决方法.