一个单向碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料导电结构模型

本文报导了一个单向碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料导电结构模型, 可用单位截面上邻近碳纤维的搭接点数目和两相邻搭接点的距离来表征这种导电结构的基本特征。实测试样电阻与试样尺寸的关系与理论曲线基本吻合。      

芳纶纤维的磷酸表面处理及其树脂基复合材料界面性能

采取不同浓度的磷酸水溶液对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 并对不同处理条件下芳纶纤维的单丝强度、表面性质及其环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明: 20 wt %磷酸溶液处理的芳纶纤维, 纤维表面含氧官能团含量最高; 继续提高磷酸溶液的浓度, 含氧官能团含量下降, 纤维表面趋于平整, 单丝强度上升。用20 wt %磷酸溶液处理芳纶纤维, 纤维/ 环氧树脂基复合材料的层间剪切强度达到62 MPa , 界面剪切强度提高18 % , 是一种简单有效的表面处理方法。纤维表面粗糙度和纤维表面含氧官能团的数量是影响芳纶纤维/ 环氧树脂复合材料界面结合性能的关键因素。      

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面

从碳纤维、树脂基体、界面3个层次对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面研究进行了综述,重点介绍了碳纤维表面特性表征及改性方法、树脂基体特性及改性方法和界面分析表征手段,由此提出了纤维/树脂界面的研究路线,简要分析了复合材料界面研究的前景与趋势。为了实现纤维/树脂界面的良好匹配,充分发挥碳纤维复合材料的性能优势,需完善界面表征手段、明确界面微观性能与复合材料宏观性能的关系、深化研究界面对复合材料湿热性能及失效模式的影响等。     

基于宏观各向异性碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的切削仿真

为了对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料切削加工过程中的基体破坏及亚表层损伤机制进行研究,借助数值仿真方法建立了基于宏观各向异性的复合材料正交切削有限元模型。采用Hashin-Damage失效准则,通过定义纤维拉伸断裂、压缩屈曲极限应力及基体横向拉伸断裂、剪切断裂极限应力等数值,建立了复合材料切削加工动态物理仿真模型。通过切削力仿真值与实验值的比较,验证了仿真模型的有效性。通过对0°和90°纤维方向复合材料基体开裂和压溃的分析发现,当进入稳定切削后,基体开裂方向与纤维方向平行,而基体的压溃主要发生在刀尖周围。分析了纤维方向对复合材料亚表面损伤深度的影响,随着纤维方向角度的增加,工件亚表面裂纹损伤深度呈增长趋势。     

树脂基复合材料增韧研究进展

经过几十年的发展,国内高韧性树脂基复合材料的研究有了很大进展,但其在工程上的应用才刚刚开始,仍存在一些问题。基于国内外树脂基复合材料的增韧研究现状,总结了不同的增韧方法,从基体增韧、层间增韧和Z向增韧3个方面出发,归纳出不同增韧方法的机理以及优缺点。     

化学改性芳纶纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性能

采用化学改性法对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 研究了改性前后芳纶纤维对水泥基复合材料强度及抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明: 芳纶纤维的掺入可以提高水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗冲击性能, 经化学改性后的芳纶纤维增强效果更加明显。当掺杂纤维的体积分数为1.0%时, 化学改性前后芳纶纤维增强水泥砂浆试样与基准砂浆试样相比, 其28天抗折强度分别提高了15.18%和23.85%, 抗冲击韧性分别提高了276.74%和294.54%。采用SEM对芳纶纤维表面微观形貌及试样断口形貌进行了观察, 利用XPS对改性前后芳纶纤维表面元素变化进行了研究, 探讨了芳纶纤维对水泥砂浆的增强机制。      

喷铝涂层碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料抗雷击性能实验及仿真

为了研究喷铝涂层对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（Carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP）结构的雷击防护（LSP）性能,开展了实验和数值仿真研究。对未防护CFRP材料开展的雷击过程观测、损伤测试及超声C扫描检测结果表明：雷电流直接效应会对CFRP造成明显的可见损伤,且焦耳热效应会在雷电流注入到材料中后持续作用,引起更大范围的内部损伤;对全喷铝CFRP开展的雷击测试表明,喷铝涂层能够显著减小CFRP表面的雷击损伤面积,且涂层厚度越大,LSP效果越好。基于实验结果,采用随温度变化的材料参数建立了未防护、全喷铝及十字形喷铝3种CFRP结构的电热耦合效应仿真模型,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了仿真方法的有效性。最后,利用所建立的模型分析了雷电流A波作用下喷铝涂层的LSP性能。结果表明,当全喷铝涂层的厚度为0.19 mm时,CFRP的损伤面积占比随结构的增重比达到最优;而对十字形涂层来说,雷电流传导路径所在的分支宽度应不小于20 mm,非传导路径所在的分支则可根据需要尽量减小宽度。     

电热作用对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层板冲击性能的影响

针对航空结构用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层板结构在低电流(安培级)作用下对其冲击性能和吸能特性的影响进行研究。结果表明，电热作用使得CFRP层板的温度迅速升高，随着电流强度增加，电热作用产生的焦耳热显著增加；同时，CFRP层板的电阻率随电流强度增大而降低，呈现出温敏效应。在相同冲击能量下，随着加载电流强度增加，CFRP层板的冲击响应完全不同，临界损伤冲击应力和最大冲击应力随加载电流强度增大而减小，且下降幅度随之增大；随着加载电流强度增加，CFRP层板对冲击能量吸收显著增加。冲击损伤分析可知，在相同冲击能量下，CFRP层板的冲击损伤面积随着电流强度增加而增大，损伤程度越严重，失效机制由基体裂纹、微小分层转变为大量纤维断裂、基体破碎等，即冲击损伤模式由微弱的冲击损伤转变为可见的冲击损伤；冲击凹坑深度也随着电流强度增加而显著加深，冲击凹坑回弹率也显著降低。     

碳纤维复合材料层合板压缩性能的相关影响因素

碳纤维作为一种新型的增强材料,具有优良的理化性能,已在多个领域广泛应用.由于单向碳纤维复合材料层合板的压缩强度较低,其在结构复合材料方面的应用受到限制,提高其压缩性能成为关键.本文综述了影响碳纤维复合材料层合板压缩性能的相关因素,详细介绍了纤维弯曲、孔隙率、纤维体积分数、树脂性能等影响因素对碳纤维复合材料层合板的重要性,以及各影响因素之间的关系等,为提高碳纤维复合材料层合板压缩性能的研究提供了参考.     

Modeling the residual strength of carbon fiber reinforced composites subjected to cyclic loading

Fatigue and residual strength data available in literature were modeled with a modified two-parameter wear-out model based on strength degradation. The model explicitly accounts for the maximum applied stress and the stress ratio and requires a limited number of experimental data to predict with accuracy the fatigue life of a series of polymer-based composites. In this paper a substantial modification of the model is proposed in order to enhance its capability in predicting the residual strength kinetics with emphasis to the “sudden drop” of strength before catastrophic failure. It is argued that the strength degradation kinetics under given loading conditions can be obtained from the statistical distribution of cycles to failure under the same loading conditions. From the new approach no new parameters are introduced, limiting to a minimum the experimental data needed to predict the residual strength. The strength degradation law reliability is verified on three different materials data sets appeared in literature. The results indicate that both the fatigue life and the residual strength are related to the statistical distribution of the static strength.     

The compression strength of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic

A simple compression test, suitable for quality control measurements on unidirectional carbon fibre composite, is described. The specimen, a plane bar, with aluminium end tabs attached, is compressed by applying shear forces over the ends. With either type 1 or type 2 treated fibre the failure mode is one of shear over a plane at approximately 45° to the fibre axis. With untreated type 1 material failure is due to delamination. The variation of the compression strength of treated material with fibre volume loading is linear, the values being considerably below those predicted by buckling theory. Increasing void content causes a steady decrease in compression strength, and off-axis strength values are above those given by the maximum work criterion. The present work supports the recently proposed view that the compression strength of unidirectional carbon fibre composites at room temperature is not governed by fibre buckling but is related to the ultimate strength of the fibre.     

碳/芳纶混杂纤维增强波纹夹芯结构低速冲击性能

采用碳纤维和芳纶纤维增强复合材料对波纹夹芯结构的面板进行层间混杂铺层设计,通过真空辅助树脂灌注(VARI)成型工艺制备混杂波纹夹芯结构。在60 J、80 J和100 J三种不同冲击能量下,研究了面板混杂铺层方式对波纹夹芯结构低速冲击性能及冲击后压缩强度的影响,并利用超声C扫和工业CT断层成像两种无损检测技术对波纹夹芯结构的冲击损伤机制进行了分析。结果表明：冲击能量较低时,波纹夹芯结构的吸收能量基本不受面板的混杂铺层方式影响,而凹坑深度随表层碳纤维层数增加而减少。冲击能量较高时,面板为分层式混杂(碳/芳纶纤维单层交替铺层)的波纹夹芯结构的抗冲击性能最好,纤维断裂损伤和层间分层主要发生在试样表层,但损伤面积较大;面板为夹层式混杂(以碳纤维为蒙皮、芳纶纤维为芯材)的波纹夹芯结构具有较高的吸收能量,整个上面板的纤维都发生了断裂破坏,但损伤面积较小。碳/芳纶混杂波纹夹芯结构的面板采用分层式和夹层式的混杂铺层设计时,具有较高的冲击后压缩强度。     

Neural network approach for estimating the residual tensile strength after drilling in uni-directional glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates

The drilling of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) often results in damage around the drilled hole. The drilling induced damage often serves to impair the long-term performance of the composite products with drilled holes. The present research investigation focuses on developing a predictive model for the residual tensile strength of uni-directional glass fiber reinforced plastic (UD-GFRP) laminates with drilled hole which has not been developed worldwide till now. Artificial neural network (ANN) predictive approach has been used. The drill point geometry, the feed rate and the spindle speed have been used as the input variables and the residual tensile strength as the output. The results of the predictive model are in close agreement with the training and the testing data.     

三维打印碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料热残余解析解

三维打印碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料因层间材料失配和打印过程中梯度降温而产生热残余现象,影响工件成形质量。本文取代简单的同步降温假设,提出了符合实际制备工艺的梯度降温概念,据此建立了三维打印正交铺层复合材料板和梁的热残余变形和应力的解析解。为反映三维打印过程中随时序动态变化的制备和降温过程,考虑每层制备轮次的降温梯度并进行热残余分析,最后合成得到热残余变形和应力。讨论了4种梯度降温模式,覆盖了所有可能的三维打印工艺。以CFRP复合材料三维打印为例,验证了本文解析解的精度和可靠性,显示了同步降温假设会产生显著的误差,表明热残余水平与降温梯度成正比,讨论了铺层方式对热残余的影响。为优化三维打印CFRP复合材料的结构设计和制备工艺、降低热残余水平提供了可靠的分析方法。      

碳纤维截面特性对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料压缩强度的影响

基于压拉平衡为特征的新一代先进复合材料的需求,开展了碳纤维截面形状和尺寸对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料压缩强度的影响研究。有限元模拟和试验结果均表明,增大碳纤维直径可以提高复合材料压缩强度。另外碳纤维截面形状也对复合材料压缩强度有影响,圆形截面优于椭圆形截面。      

Experimental study of carbon fiber reinforced plastic with embedded optical fibers

Structural differences of interface between the embedded optical fiber and the resulting smart composite were studied. Quasi-isotropic composite laminated specimens were produced from T300 Carbon/epoxy prepregs. Optical fibers were embedded within the specimens at different locations. Micro photos of the specimens showed that ‘bridges’ formed around the embedded optical fibers. The configuration and the size of the ‘bridges’, namely, the interfacial structures, varied with the locations where the optical fiber was embedded. Tensile tests showed that the ultimate strength of the smart material was affected by different interfacial structures. As the location of the embedded fiber moved to the middle plane of the specimen, the size of the interface increased. This caused the drop of the tensile strength. Observation of the broken sections of different specimens showed that imbibitions between the coating of the optical fiber and the clad were not good enough, therefore, damages could originate at the interface between the coating and the clad foremost.