高功率微波脉冲的相位测量方法初探

本文概述了常用的高频信号相位测量的方法,分析了鉴相器和数字示波器直接测量两种方法的不确定度来源, 并设计实验系统对示波器直接测量的结果进行了不确定度分析,最后利用数字示波器对S 波段相对论速调管放大器的相 位进行了实验验证的测量,证实了该方法的可行性。     

X-band circularly polarized rectennas for microwave power transmission applications

Circularly polarized rectennas operating at X-band are studied in this paper. The quasi-square patches fed by aperture coupling are used as the circularly polarized receiving antennas, which are easily matched and integrated with the circuits of rectennas. The： double-layer structure not only minimizes the size of the rectennas but also decreases the effects of the circuits on the antenna. The receiving elements have broader bandwidth and higher gain than the single-layer patches. Two rectennas operating at 10GHz are designed, fabricated and measured. The voltage of 3.86V on a load of 200Ω is measured and a high RF-DC conversion efficiency of 75% is obtained at 9.98GHz. It is convenient for this kind of rectennas to form large arrays for high power applications.     

Time-modulated multi-tone antenna array for wireless information and power transfer

This paper aims to design a multi-tone radiator exploiting harmonic radiation characteristic of time-modulated antenna array for wireless information and power transmission (WIPT) and multi-operational WIPT receiver. The time-modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) radiating simultaneously at modulating and harmonic frequencies separated in multiple switching periods is utilized as a multi-tone radiating system. TMLAA with suitable power in harmonic bands generates multi-tone radiation by employing an optimized switching sequence. The ON and OFF time instants of the TMLAA are optimized to suppress sidelobe level and enhance sideband level. A population-based optimization algorithm, teaching learning based optimization (TLBO), is employed to optimize the ON and OFF instants of the TMLAA to suppress sidelobe level and enhance sideband level. TLBO is utilized for a 16-element TMLAA with minimizing cost function to achieve the above objectives. The 16-element TMLAA with optimized switching radiates multi-tone beams with a minimum of 5 dB peak power difference exploited as WIPT. The purpose of multi-operation is accomplished by utilizing the Wilkinson power divider in the receiver system; its power dividing capability is analyzed using applied wave research (AWR). A voltage doubler type rectifier is modeled for DC generation and is tested using AWR. The DC generating capability is tested for fixed power available at various frequencies, and the fixed desired frequency with various available power levels is tested. The results show that the designed circuitry provides a maximum of 80% power conversion efficiency (PCE).     

新型高功率微波模式转换天线研究

给出了一种新型高功率微波模式转换天线,该天线将同轴插板式模式转换器和一种新型喇叭有机结合,可直接辐射高功率微波源输出的同轴TEM模或TM01模,具有结构尺寸小、口径效率高、轴向辐射、容易实现等优点.优化设计了一个中心频率为3.8GHz的天线,长度约300mm、口径为280mm,在中心频率上增益为19dBi、反射损耗为-20dB,在3.7～ 4.1GHz的频率范围内增益大于18.7dBi、反射损耗小于-15dB.     

X波段宽带相控阵天线的实时延迟系统的研究

宽带相控阵天线实时延迟系统采用压电陶瓷(PZT)调制啁啾光栅的时延量,对发射信号的群速进行时延,以解决天线在发射瞬时宽带微波信号时所产生的波束定位斜视问题.根据有关数据,提出了X波段、8单元相控阵天线实时延迟系统的模型,天线的扫描范围为±60°,搜索数据率可达56.4次/s.讨论了时延量的误差对扫描角的影响、调制电压与扫描形式关系,给出了仿真结果.     

A high power active circulator using GaN MMIC power amplifiers

This paper presents a 2.4 GHz hybrid integrated active circulator consisting of three power amplifiers and three PCB-based Wilkinson power dividers.The power amplifiers were designed and fabricated in a standard0.35- m Al Ga N/Ga N HEMT technology,and combined with three traditional power dividers on FR4 using bonding wires.Due to the isolation of power dividers,the isolation between three ports is achieved; meanwhile,due to the unidirectional characteristics of the power amplifiers,the nonreciprocal transfer characteristic of the circulator is realized.The measured insertion gain of the proposed active circulator is about 2–2.7 d B at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz,the isolation between three ports is better than 20 d B over 1.2–3.4 GHz,and the output power of the designed active circulator achieves up to 20.1–21.2 d Bm at the center frequency.     

一款低功率下具有高效率的多模多频功率放大器

越来越多的移动通信协议要求射频功率放大器在低功率模式下具有高效率和低工作电流,为了满足这种需求,本文提出了一种全集成的多模多频射频功率放大器模块设计。本设计通过双路径的功率放大器实现了高功率、中功率和低功率三种模式,并且模块内部没有任何用于模式选择的串联开关。在不同功率模式下,通过最优化负载设计,不仅极大程度的降低了芯片的工作电流,而且实现了良好的工作性能。本设计采用InGaP/GaAs异质结双极晶体管工艺和0.18um的互补金属氧化物半导体工艺完成流片。芯片的实际测试结果显示在低功率模式下,该射频功率模块仅3mA的静态电流,并且在1.7-2.0 GHz带宽范围内高中低功率模式都实现了良好的射频性能,在高功率模式下,输出功率28dBm时,实现了至少39.4% 的功率附加效率和-40 dBc邻道泄漏比;在中功率模式下,输出功率17 dBm时,实现了至少21.3% 的功率附加效率和-43 dBc邻道泄漏比;在低功率模式下,输出功率8 dBm时,实现了至少18.2% 的功率附加效率和-40 dBc邻道泄漏比。     

A new recombinant in-phase microstrip power divider

The theory and design aspects of n-way in-phase power divider employing Goldfarb recombinant topology are described. The merits of this divider over conventional ones are also presented here. A microstrip version of five output port power divider is designed and developed with 1.7?mm Bakelite substrate to operate in S-band. The measured values of input VSWR, insertion loss, isolation, return loss and phase difference between output ports at different frequencies in S-band for the fabricated power divider are presented and discussed.     

国内大功率半导体激光器研究及应用现状

近年来,国内外在大功率半导体激光器方面的研究均取得了很大的进展。其中,大功率半导体激光器列阵的研究和应用成为最大的亮点,如超高电光转换效率、高亮度和高可靠性等主要光电特性均实现了巨大的突破。针对国内大功率半导体激光器主要研究内容和关键技术进行了总结,在外延片结构中广泛采用应变量子阱结构、无铝有源区宽波导大光腔结构及非对称波导结构来提高端面光学灾变损伤光功率密度,还从腔面光学膜、器件封装、器件可靠性、光束整形与耦合以及器件应用等几个方面给予介绍。     

高增益低副瓣X波段宽带圆极化Vivaldi天线阵设计

设计了一种新型的覆盖X波段的宽带圆极化2×2天线阵,具有高增益、低副瓣和良好的圆极化性能.该阵列以Vivaldi天线为基本单元,采用旋转对称的十字形结构,四端口等幅馈电且相位依次为0°,90°,180°和270°.此天线阵在整个X波段内阻抗匹配良好,轴比均低于3dB.采用矩形栅栏和底部扼流环结构将天线地板上的表面电流集中在槽线附近并降低后向辐射,从而获得低副瓣和高增益.频段内的峰值增益为10.7 dB,前后比大于20 dB.两个主平面的方向图对称性良好且基本重合.各天线单元间的低耦合使得天线阵的交叉极化很低.实物测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合.     

高功率微波条件下的无源互调问题综述

由于高功率微波(HPM)武器的应用和电子系统的复杂化,无源互调(PIM)问题变得日益突出.本文介绍了PIM问题的由来、发展概况,以及存在的问题,并且对无源互调产物(PIMP)的效应、预测和测量作了详细的论述.     

Research on cylindrical box type windows used to transmit high power CW

The formula for calculating the threshold of average transmitting power of cylindrical TE11 mode window is revised by accurate deduction and a practical method for calculating the temperature increment of the dielectric disk in cylindrical box type window is given. Meanwhile, a typical cylindrical box type window is calculated and used as an example to discuss the power capacity, the special harmfulness and elimination of ghost mode resonance when the window is used to transmit high power Continuous Wave(CW).     

用于空间功率合成的线阵馈电焦散抛物曲面天线

提出了一种用于空间功率合成的焦散抛物曲面天线,该反射面天线是由xoz平面的一条抛物线沿着yoz平面上的另一条抛物线正交扫描所形成的,天线用8单元E面喇叭线阵进行偏馈。研究了天线的反射面结构参数对天线性能的影响以及横向偏焦电扫描特性,给出了不同辐射方向下阵列的相位配置公式。仿真和实验结果表明:提出的方案可以在给定方向合成高增益波束,与同样线阵馈电的抛物柱面天线相比,H面3dB波束宽度从8.2°下降到了5°,天线增益提高了2.2dB.     

Performance enhancement of patch antenna array for 5.8 GHz Wi-MAX applications using metamaterial inspired technique

Though a microstrip patch antenna has advantages of low profile and structural planarity, but a single microstrip patch antenna has limitation of low gain and narrow bandwidth. To overcome these problems, multi-layer structures are used. The antenna performance can further be enhanced, if multi-layer structures are designed for array of patch antennas. Moreover, the simultaneous improvement of gain and bandwidth, which are two conflicting parameters, is another challenge. To meet these challenges, this article proposes a microstrip patch antenna array, inspired with a superstrate – comprising of Split Ring Resonators (SRR) and wire strips. Gain and bandwidth of 4.3 dBi and 425 MHz, respectively, is achieved by an unloaded array at IEEE 802.16a 5.8 GHz Wi-MAX band. However, by covering this array with the proposed superstrate, gain and bandwidth of 12.1 dBi and 780 MHz, respectively, is obtained, thus providing the gain improvement of 7.8 dBi and bandwidth enhancement of 355 MHz. Fabrication and testing of the proposed antenna is done for comparing simulated and measured results. Equivalent circuit of this newly devised array has been designed and discussed.     

Contribution of non-uniform EBG antenna arrays to the enhancement of MIMO channel capacity

The work proposes novel multiband and of low profile antenna arrays with hybrid type elements, for the realization of a MIMO (Multiple Input–Multiple Output) wireless communication system with great capacity. Each element is composed of a linear dipole integrated with a non-uniform Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) lattice. This EBG type, influences the system by two ways, the strong reduction of the Mutual Coupling (MC) among the closely positioned array's elements and the high radiation gain values of each element, inside wide space areas. Both of them make the antenna element capable of enhancing the MIMO channel capacity. It was ascertained by the results which were received taking into account globally, the MC and the radiation patterns of the antenna elements. The Spatial Channel Model (SCM) scenario for Urban Micro and Urban Macro environments was applied and the capacity calculation was made in one step which incorporates both the channel and the antenna characteristics. Results for the capacity at all three bands of operation are presented, for 10 dB SNR level, along with respective ones received from dipole arrays in front of Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC). The comparison shows clearly the superiority of the proposed hybrid type array and its robust performance in wireless propagation scenarios.     

基片集成波导混合功率分配器馈电对数周期天线

设计、制作并测量了基片集成波导（SIW） E面和H面（平面）混合功分器馈电的2×4印刷宽带对数周期天线阵列,并与1×4印刷宽带对数周期天线阵列进行了测试比较。实测1×4印刷对数周期天线阵列在10.5~19.5 GHz内回波损耗小于-10 dB,2×4印刷对数周期天线阵列在11.2~16.7 GHz内回波损耗小于-10 dB.文中给出了1×4和2×4印刷对数周天线阵列在12 GHz、13 GHz、14 GHz、15 GHz和16 GHz的实测辐射方向图和两个阵列天线带内的辐射增益。测试结果表明：2×4印刷对数周天线阵列在工作频带内辐射特性稳定,增益比1×4印刷对数周天线阵列提高1~3 dB.     

One- and two-dimensional antenna arrays for microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) systems and dual-antenna transceivers

In this work, we demonstrate novel one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) antenna arrays for both microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) systems and dual-antenna transceivers. The antenna array can be used as the MWPT receiving antenna of an integrated MWPT and Bluetooth (BLE) communication module (MWPT-BLE module) for smart CNC (computer numerical control) spindle incorporated with the cloud computing system SkyMars. The 2D antenna array has n rows of 1 × m 1D array, and each array is composed of multiple (m) differential feeding antenna elements. Each differential feeding antenna element is a differential feeding structure with a microstrip antenna stripe. The stripe length is shorter than one wavelength to minimise the antenna area and to prevent being excited to a high-order mode. That is, the differential feeding antenna element can suppress the even mode. The mutual coupling between the antenna elements can be suppressed, and the isolation between the receiver and the transmitter can be enhanced. An inclination angle of the main beam aligns with the broadside, and the main beam is further concentrated and shrunk at the elevation direction. Moreover, if more differential feeding antenna elements are used, antenna gain and isolation can be further enhanced. The excellent performance of the proposed antenna arrays indicates that they are suitable for both MWPT systems and dual-antenna transceivers.     

A broadband Doherty power amplifier with harmonic suppression

In this paper, the design and implementation of the broadband, Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with 2nd and 3rd harmonics suppression, with theoretical analysis is presented. In the proposed structure a novel harmonic suppressed Wilkinson power divider used in DPA, which results in harmonic suppression with high level of attenuation. Moreover the proposed DPA has major advantages in terms of the linearity and works on a wideband frequency range (2.1–2.7 GHz) with minimum 40% drain efficiency (DE). The linearity of the proposed DPA is increased extremely, which significant improvement (7 dBm) is achieved from the main amplifier. In the proposed DPA, the main and the auxiliary amplifiers are implemented using Class-AB and Class-C topology respectively with equal MRF6S27015N MOTOROLA transistors in LDMOS technology.     

线元天线阵列波束扫描研究

由电磁场理论给出了平面线元天线阵列辐射的瞬态电磁脉冲沿径向坡印亭矢量时间积分的解析解及数值解结果,并利用物理光学理论对所得结果作了对比分析,得到结论:(1)线元天线阵列辐射问题可以简洁地由光栅方程求解;(2)被约束波束的坡印亭矢量时间积分的最大值与阵元数目的平方成正比;(3)保持同一列辐射器元馈电同步,而沿行方向依次作适当馈电时间延迟,可有效将波束控制在预期的很小角域内;(4)保持扫描的半角宽度,线元天线阵列有确定的波束扫描角范围。