基于实景图片的恢复性环境空间类型及特征研究

恢复性环境健康绩效的相关研究 表明,自然环境和城市建成环境在健康影响 方面存在差异。然而,不同环境空间类型的 恢复性效能差异还未能得到充分研究。通过 实景图片环境模拟,本研究对不同类型的恢 复性环境的效能进行了比较,分析恢复性环 境的空间特征。结果显示,山景、农田、水景 空间的恢复性显著高于其他类型空间,人群 对水景空间的偏好大于绿色空间,空间开敞 度、复杂度与恢复性有显著相关关系。研究 结论揭示了不同的空间类型及其空间特征,可为健康景观的设计实践提供理论支持。     

城市滨水空间恢复性评价的视听影响因素研究

具有恢复性的城市环境可以减缓心理疲劳、促进生理健康。以天津市海河沿岸滨水空间为例,通过调查问卷探讨了不同人工化程度的城市滨水空间的恢复性评价、视听觉环境感知对恢复性评价的影响以及滨水空间中具有潜在恢复性的视听觉要素。结果表明：人工化程度较高的滨水空间其恢复性评价较低,但通过适当视听觉设计可提高其恢复性;滨水空间恢复性评价随视听觉环境评价的提高而提高,其中视觉环境更重要;最具有恢复性和滨水特点的视觉要素是水鸟、亲水平台等,听觉要素是蛙鸣声、水流声等,适度添加这些元素可以提高城市滨水空间的恢复性评价。     

基于计算机视觉的夜间户外环境情绪 感知特征研究

现代生活方式的转变使居民夜间户外活动不断丰富,建设高质量城市夜间户外环境已成为居民生活的重要需求。户外环境已被证实与人的情绪感知存在关联,但已有研究主要关注日间环境而较少聚焦夜间环境。基于计算机视觉技术,通过采集夜间户外环境的图像数据,结合公众的情绪感知评价,并利用空间自相关与空间回归分析方法探究情绪感知在夜间户外环境的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：1）夜间低维护的蓝绿空间能使人具有更强烈的恐惧感但焦虑感较弱,而高品质的绿色空间使人产生的恐惧感和焦虑感均较弱;高密度建筑区的户外环境往往令人感到不舒畅,低密度建筑区的户外环境则能使人感到较不恐惧、舒畅和放松;2）夜间户外环境要素如绿视率、天空可视率、拥挤度、围合度及视觉可步行性在不同类型户外环境中与情绪感知的相关性存在差异。本研究为如何快速、精准地测度夜间户外环境对情绪感知的影响提供了参考,有助于建设城市夜间户外环境,以提升居民生活质量和健康福祉。     

Aesthetics of urban commercial streets from the perspective of cognitive memory and user behavior in urban environments

Streets are one of the major elements that make-up the urban environment. Urban commercial and mixed-use street types occur as public spaces in every town and city all around the world. With the paucity of such spaces, streets have taken up to solve the problem. Hence, this study assesses the key physical, visual, and aesthetical characteristics and examines the influence of aesthetical attributes over the activity pattern, user behavioral responses, and the color palette observed. Moreover, this research has been carried out in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Four significant commercial streets were identified and featured in the main study. The research method comprehends a structured questionnaire and multiple interviews to amass data, photo elicitation, and video corroboration to identify the key visual characteristics to study and scrutinize the aesthetical responses to various attributes that make good-looking urban commercial and mixed-use street types. The results of the study indicate that the diversity and perceived pleasantness of the environment, which includes elements such as facades, colors, aspect ratios, maintenance, and vegetation, has a very close association with walking preferences. The outcome of the study would also help architects, urban designers and planners, and policy makers to create positive spaces to foster urban commercial street types as place-making and aesthetically pleasing streets.     

Landscape Visual Aesthetics Measurement,Assessment, and Improvement of Street Pedestrian Spaces in Mountainous Cities—Case Study on the Historic Downtown of Jinan,Shandong Province

Urban streets support citizens’ daily commuting and social and recreational activities. Streetscape is also a visual resource and an important part of urban landscape appearance. Serving as an important ecological base and natural components of urban spatial structure, mountains often determine a city’s spatial layout and landscape identity so as to promote mountaincity integration. The study focuses on the historic downtown of Jinan, a typical mountainous city, analyzes the landscape aesthetic visual characteristics of street pedestrian spaces, and measures their landscape visual aesthetic quality by using panoramic images; the research then evaluates the visibility of high-visual-aesthetic-quality urban mountainous landscape to urban streets; finally, based on the overall landscape visual aesthetic quality evaluation results of urban street pedestrian spaces, the paper proposes a series of optimization suggestions of the streets at different levels to improve the harmony with urban mountain landscapes. The study hopes to provide a reference for the creation of mountain–city-integrated urban landscapes, as well as the healthy and sustainable urban development.     

A computational approach to ‘The Image of the City’

In The Image of the City Lynch describes how individuals perceive and recall features in urban spaces. The most distinctive elements in the urban landscape - categorised in paths, nodes, edges, districts and landmarks - give shape to individuals' mental representation of the city. Lynch’s approach has stimulated research into spatial cognition, urban design and artificial intelligence, and it still represents an essential pillar in the analysis of urban dynamics. Nevertheless, an explicit link between The Image of the City and GIScience has not been completely explored yet. In this paper, a computational approach to The Image of the City is proposed. Different perspectives in spatial cognition and GIS research are integrated to obtain a complete Image of the City, in which the most salient elements are shared by a large part of citizens. Nodes, paths and districts were identified through network science techniques. Methods drawn from the information approach to The Image of the City are used to detect landmarks, integrating the complexity of points of reference in their visual, structural and semantic components, as conceptualised by Lynch and successive research. The methods were applied to the central area of Boston and built using freely available spatial datasets. Results were compared to Lynch’s maps to evaluate the methodology: besides a considerable discrepancy with regard to landmarks, a good correspondence for paths, nodes, edges and districts was found.     

Intermediate space for housing design learned from tradition of Korean maru and Turkish sofa

The study examines traditional design approaches for intermediate spaces of residential buildings to support environmentally driven design strategies of current practices. For the evaluation of the potential of traditional design strategies, traditional houses of Korea and Turkey are explored by making a detailed comparison of maru and sofa according to theoretical considerations on intermediate spaces. After examining the concept of the intermediate space and the general characteristics of Korean and Turkish traditional housing, 10 cases from 17th to 19th centuries are selected and compared to clarify the features of maru and sofa as intermediate spaces. Based on the results, the arrangement of maru shows characteristics of contradiction between interior rooms and intermediate spaces in a monotonous structural repetition, while sofa presents an apparently hierarchical spatial composition. Sofa has the placeness quality, while maru has the quality of plurality, actively mixing both inside and outside environments. While maru allows various free access with clear spatial continuity, sofa produces a sequential spatial experience with the pleasure of different architectural qualities. Finally, the study suggests opened type and closed type of intermediate space as two possible strategies for modern houses based on the results of comparative analyses. Recent environmental studies in architecture should consider intermediate spaces of various traditional houses due to the insights and possibilities these spatial elements may potentially provide to both architectural practice and theory, especially in a pandemic era.     

Research on Evaluation and Optimization Strategies of Cultural Ecosystem Services of Rural Water Spaces in Suzhou

Suzhou City enjoys its regional water networks as a driver to promote the evolution of urban-rural landscapes, where water space is an important part of urban-rural public spaces that defines spatial characteristics, supports public health, and offers recreational opportunities. Cultural ecosystem services (CES) ranging from aesthetics, recreation, education to culture are the core public demands and a key aspect in shaping the identity and vitality of water spaces. However, along with the rapid urbanization, the historical city-water spatial pattern, social connections and relations, and regional cultural spirit have gradually faded away. Such problems can be addressed through inventory renewals and cultural revivals of water spaces based on CES enhancement. This research introduces the Importance–Performance Analysis to study CES of water spaces by examining representative water spaces of Suzhou, in order to examine the correlations between CES types and landscape elements/factors. By collecting the residents’ assessment data on the importance and performance of a series of landscape elements/factors, this research measures and evaluates the demand–supply relations of the studied water spaces, conducts a strategic zoning to identify the landscape elements/factors to maintain, of over-supply, needs no priority or to improve, respectively. Finally, the paper proposes planning strategies and construction guidance for enhancing water space CES in Suzhou in the aspects of ecological management of water network, highlighting of water town image, and planning and scheming of local projects.     

运动健康视角下居住街坊绿地评价及更新研究————以哈尔滨老工业区为例

“健康中国”背景下，老工业区绿地存在同质化、数量缺乏等先天劣势，居住街坊绿地难以满足居民运动健康需求。以哈尔滨三大动力老工业区为研究对象，基于主动健身型和休闲娱乐型两类运动类型差异，识别影响运动供给能力的居住街坊绿地空间特征，基于Kano模型聚类量化居民运动需求完成权重赋值，建立运动健康视角下老工业区居住街坊绿地评价模型。应用评价模型叠加绿地实际运动使用，量化识别运动供需断点和关键调配区域，确定居住街坊绿地更新优先级，并提出具体优化和增补的更新策略。将有利于主动式健康干预的老工业区居住街坊绿地有机更新。     

基于消费者行为模拟的商业综合体空间优化策略

摘要　商业综合体的既有研究对消费者行为规律的关注不足。旨在从微观视角揭示空间环境对个体活动的影响,通过 对消费者行为的模拟实现商业综合体的空间优化。基于实际的消费者行为个体数据拟合空间行为模型,在此基础上提 出“一般性模拟”的方法,构建一系列对照性的虚拟情景,控制其他要素,只在特定的设计模式和手法上进行比较, 包括主力店与一般店的关系、不同的平面形态和客流动线、竖向网络联系、出入口的分布等。通过个体模拟,比较了 这些具有导则性质的优化策略所导致的消费者行为的差异,为评价其空间绩效提供更加客观的量化依据。     

以人群健康为导向的小型公共绿地建成环境要素分析——以江苏省南京市老城区为例

Urban public green spaces significantly impact public health level, where physical, social, and recreational outdoor activities play an important role in improving people’s physical and mental health. In this paper, a total of 35 samples of small public green spaces were selected, and the data of built environment factors and healthy activities of each sample were collocted through ArcGIS analysis, field survey, and mapping. This paper then analyzes the impact of built environment factors on public healthy activities from a planning and design perspective by establishing a ridge regression model, which adopts location factors and functional / spatial factors in small public green spaces as independent variables, and the frequency density of healthy activities as dependent variables. The research reveals that: To location factors, the small public green spaces located near dense residential areas have a much greater impact on promoting public health activities than the ones sitting in dense mixed land use areas; To functional / spatial factors, facilities are the dominant factor that positively impacts users’ healthy activities, particularly the seating density; Reasonably designed small public green spaces or the ones with more open interfaces can effectively encourage people’s healthy activities, while which would be significantly decreased when the green space rate or the path density is excessively high. Finally, the paper proposes suggestions on the planning and design of small public green spaces.     

基于重要性——绩效表现分析的上海苏州河滨水空间文化性生态系统服务供需关系分析与优化

生态系统服务的研究正经历着从解析机理到供需匹配的侧重点迁移，研究指出文化性生态系统服务的供需特征表现为4个方面：1）受服务人群的影响；2）兼具非排他性与潜在竞争性；3）各类型之间具有明显的融合性；4）与空间要素密切相关。针对已有的研究存在供需关联薄弱和整体评测不足的短板，研究以场地尺度的城市滨水空间为对象，提出重要性—绩效表现分析（Importance-Performance Analysis，简称IPA）可以成为测度和分析文化性生态系统服务供需状况的有效方法。选取上海苏州河4处滨水空间，从景观要素特征因子识别出发，基于IPA构建特征因子的重要性—满意度分布模型，分析滨水空间文化性生态系统服务供需特征，通过对需求的回应，明确优化有效服务供给的策略，从而为城市滨水空间存量更新与规划设计提供可行有效的技术支持以及可操作、可落地的决策依据。     

RESEARCH ON VISUALLY PERCEIVED IMAGE AND STRATEGIES FOR VISTA VIEW SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT OF THE JINSITAO WATERFRONT OF SHICHAHAI IN BEIJING

Visual perceiving is one of the most important and direct ways to perceive physical environment and instantly generate images of it. The data gained from visual perception lays a foundation for the research on city images. This study concentrated in the Jinsitao Waterfront of Shichahai area in Beijing. By collecting photos with wearable cameras and generating an image map of visual perception through image identification and analysis, this study explores strategies for improving vista view system in the study area, offering a reference for other research on historical district renewals in cities. Thirty volunteers were asked to tour along an 800-meter path from the north edge of Qianhai to the south edge of Houhai recording the scenery with GoPro cameras on their foreheads. Over 25,000 screenshots were then captured consecutively from the video documents. By identifying and analyzing these screenshots, mapping perceiving locations, and corresponding them to perceived objects, an image perception map was generated, from which a series of planning and design strategies were developed to suggest that future historical districts’ planning practices should enhance the protection of a site’s overall image and distinctive landmarks, as well as the improvement of visual corridors and vista view system.     

基于POI的成都市地下商业空间演化与机制研究——以火车北站、春熙路、环球中心片区为例#br#

地下商业空间是城市商业活动的重要载体与组成部分,其合理化布局对发展城市经济、满足居民消费需求发挥着重要作用。基于2015年、2018年、2020年的成都市POI数据,运用Python、GIS提取火车北、春熙路、环球中心三大片区的地下商业空间历年POI点位分布。通过核密度分析、标准差椭圆等方法,解析成都市典型商圈的地下商业空间时空演化规律与机制。结果表明：①三个片区的地下商业空间平面布局均表现为廊道集聚和散点扩张特征明显,地下商业空间集聚趋于多中心与簇群化,竖向组织形成了紧邻式、通道连接式、商街连接式三种模式;②春熙片区地下商业业态呈餐饮占比衰减,购物与生活服务增加的趋势,环球中心为生活服务类增长型,而火车北为购物增长型;③火车北站与春熙路片区地下商业空间分布的标准差椭圆特征向异性变化更为显著,而环球中心则为衰减状态,地下商业空间发展呈多向均匀式布局发展;④交通可达性提升、产业空间重构、存量空间开发等是成都市地下商业空间的演化重要驱动因素。     

STUDY OF URBAN GREENWAY PLANNING BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE DATA ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL POTENTIAL AND USER BEHAVIORS — THE GREENWAY ROUTE PLANNING OF HAIDIAN DISTRICT,BEIJING

Urban greenways play a key role to a city’s nonautomobile commuting and help alleviate traffic congestion. Currently, China’s greenway planning research and practice focuses mostly on suburban areas where greenways provide ecological, historical, cultural, and recreational services, while fewer studies explore urban greenways that serve citizens’ daily non-automobile commuting and recreational needs. Compared with suburban ones, urban greenways often face more spatial limits in the built-up areas and need to respond to more challenging demands. Supported by multisource data and the rise of big data technologies, this research explores the methods of urban greenway route planning that are underpinned through GIS spatial analyses (potential evaluation on spatial construction conditions of greenways) and big-data-based user behavior analyses (of citizens’ daily use of greenways). Demonstrating the authentic planning case for Haidian District, Beijing, the research proposes a series of construction strategies to urban corridors of roads, waterways, and railways, respectively, which integrate green spaces with non-automobile system, in order to improve the services of linear spaces in cities.     

山地住区规划要素与碳排放量相关性分析* ——以重庆主城住区为例

基于山地环境下住区特征分析,采取部门走访、实地踏勘、问卷调查和访谈等方式收集典型样本住区碳排放相关数据,构建山地住区碳排放测算模型,分析测算所得样本住区碳排放量与规划要素的相关关系,包括土地利用、空间布局、建筑要素、路网格局和绿地碳汇等技术性要素,以及居民收入、文化程度、住区低碳宣传等社会性要素,结合住区碳排放结构分析结果,探寻山地住区低碳规划的关键控制要素及其规划策略。     

市政法规影响下的民国广州沿江商业空间特征 ——以长堤周边路段骑楼底空间为例

民国初期开始的市政法规颁行是近代广州城市演进历史上的重要事件,需评估其对城市空间转型造成的影响。以微小尺度的城市空间为观察窗,以民国时期广州市政法规的演进为切入点,研究自清末民初至1930 年代广州沿江商业街长堤的空间特征,对比其周边两段典型街道的骑楼底空间演变,探究近代市政法规引导城市空间转型与发展的过程。认为源自不同社会团体博弈与平衡的市政法规演变,直接作用于商业空间并重塑其形态,决定了近代广州的沿江街道面貌。     

乡土文化视野下成都平原传统场镇的空间意象探析

成都平原传统场镇蕴含着丰富的 乡土文化资源,本文归纳了传统场镇空间所 具有的山水意象、街市意象与文化共生意象 特征并以洛带古镇的更新设计为例,对构 成空间意象的实体要素诸如街道、界面、 区域、节点与标志建筑的可识别性等方面进 行了分析,以期探讨在乡土人居环境的建设 中,如何营造具有鲜明乡土文化特色的传统 场镇空间意象。     

Actual Measurement of the Microclimate Environment of Green Spaces and Dynamic Simulation of Building Height in Xijing Community of Beijing

In this paper, three types of green spaces in Xijing Community in Shijingshan District of Beijing were selected for as the measuring points, the HOBO portable weather station was used to monitor the microclimate environmental changes in the same period and summarize the data of microclimate factors. The effectiveness of the simulation was verified by comparing the measured data with the simulated data obtained through ENVI-met. And strategies for microclimate adaptive design in residential areas were proposed according to the microclimate environmental characteristics of several green spaces.