浅海中声源激发的波场成分及特性分析

为更好地认识和利用浅海波导中的声场,该文对浅海中声源激发的波场成分及特性进行了研究.提出了能给出浅海中声场全波解的理论研究方法,给出了声场的复积分表达式,并在复平面上利用围道积分对声场复积分式进行求解,得出了浅海中声源激发出的声场组成部分;同时应用高阶交错网格有限差分法对浅海中声场进行数值模拟,呈现出了不同海水深度、声源频率和声源深度下浅海波导中的波场结构和空间能量分布.研究表明:浅海中声场由离散谱部分和连续谱部分组成;其中离散谱部分包括各阶简正波和Scholte波,连续谱部分包括侧面波;简正波和Scholte波的振幅与水平传播距离的开方成反比,而侧面波的振幅与水平传播距离的平方成反比;海水越浅、声源频率越小、声源深度越大,都会导致海水中的能量越少,越有利于Scholte波的激发,此时声源辐射的能量主要以Scholte波的形式传播出去,能量更多地集中在海底界面处.     

基于辐射噪声干涉条纹斜率分布的声源深度分辨方法研究

针对水中声源深度分辨问题,该文提出一种基于干涉条纹斜率分布的声源深度分辨方法。该方法利用存在负跃层的浅海波导中水面和水下声源简正波激发能力的差异,建立了辐射噪声干涉条纹分布随声源深度变化的模型,分析了水面和水下声源激发的辐射噪声干涉条纹斜率分布差异性的物理机理。利用图像处理算法,将该差异表征为辐射噪声干涉图像Radon变换矩阵列方差向量的峰值个数,并据此进行水面和水下目标辨别。仿真和海试数据验证结果证明,该文提出的方法可应用于存在负跃层的浅海波导中,能有效分辨水面和水下目标,且与传统方法相比,不需要声源距离与海洋声学环境参数的先验信息。     

基于模态滤波的水下声源深度估计方法

针对水下声源深度估计问题,对模态滤波技术进行研究.利用简正波在深度方向模态振幅的分布特性估计声源深度.首先使用水平阵列接收声源信号,然后对时间-距离二维数据进行二维傅里叶变化将其表示在频率-波数域,最后通过建立二值掩模滤波器,将声源的各阶模态能量从频率波数域提取出来,通过与模拟接收信号的各阶模态能量匹配,实现声源深度估...     

利用LOFAR谱图的二维傅里叶变换脊计算波导不变量

该文提出了利用被动声纳信号LOFAR谱图的二维傅里叶变换计算波导不变量的方法。在用简正波方法分析了两种典型波导的波导不变量分布情况的基础上,推导了利用LOFAR谱图二维傅里叶变换脊计算波导不变量的公式。运用该公式仿真计算了Pekeris波导和具有负跃层的浅海波导声场中声源深度从10m变化到90m时的波导不变量值,经过与南海试验数据的计算对比,两者计算结果相符。与简正波方法相比,该方法不需要精确了解海洋环境参数,同时避免了复杂的微分方程求解运算,更适合于信号的实时处理。     

一种基于大孔径水平阵的浅海声源被动测距方法

面向浅海水下声源的被动测距需求,该文提出一种基于大孔径水平阵的简正波分离与测距方法。该方法针对频率波数域模态曲线弯曲导致的同阶简正波分离处理复杂的问题,在各阶简正波截止频率不随信号频率变化的条件下,提出基于波数伸缩的简正波模态对齐方法,实现不同阶简正波的有效分离。通过非线性相位补偿实现多阶简正波的能量聚焦,结合距离遍历、峰值提取实现声源距离的被动估计。该方法可获得空域、频域增益,实现多模态能量的累积,为微弱声源目标的距离估计提供了新的技术途径。最后,结合仿真数据验证了方法的有效性。     

浅海环境中被动定位方法研究及软件实现

针对浅海环境中的宽带脉冲信号,研究基于粒子滤波算法的被动定位,并在此基础上,完成被动定位软件设计。基于简正波理论,利用接收点处声压、振速时域信号,获取频率域上垂直波阻抗作为测量向量,构建测量方程,建立基于粒子滤波算法进行水中目标定位的估计方法。在此基础上,完成定位软件的设计实现。在两种不同的波导环境中进行软件测试。测试结果表明,定位软件能够成功绘制距离和声源深度估计曲线,且估计曲线收敛于真值附近,表明软件能够有效完成对距离和声源深度的估计。     

基于垂直声强流的水中目标深度分类方法

现有的基于声场干涉结构特征的目标深度分类方法的频率适用范围有限,仅适用于目标线谱频率激发前2阶简正波的情况.针对上述问题,该文提出基于匹配场处理的目标深度分类算法,该算法将垂直复声强无功分量作为匹配量进行目标深度的匹配估计,利用目标深度的粗略估计结果辅助进行目标深度的二元分类.算法适用于线谱频率激发前3阶简正波的情况,有效拓展了算法的频率适用范围.仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和稳健性.该文分析了环境失配情况对算法性能的影响.所提算法具有较高的准确性和稳健性.     

基于垂直声强流的水中目标深度分类方法

现有的基于声场干涉结构特征的目标深度分类方法的频率适用范围有限,仅适用于目标线谱频率激发前2阶简正波的情况。针对上述问题,该文提出基于匹配场处理的目标深度分类算法,该算法将垂直复声强无功分量作为匹配量进行目标深度的匹配估计,利用目标深度的粗略估计结果辅助进行目标深度的二元分类。算法适用于线谱频率激发前3阶简正波的情况,有效拓展了算法的频率适用范围。仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和稳健性。该文分析了环境失配情况对算法性能的影响。所提算法具有较高的准确性和稳健性。     

基于匹配场处理的浅海水声目标深度分类方法研究

针对现有的浅海水声目标深度分类方法存在的频率适用范围有限、信噪比要求较高等问题,在已获得有效的测距结果的前提下,该文提出一种基于新匹配量的浅海水声目标深度分类算法。通过分析模态互相关项的深度分布特征,建立以垂直复声强为匹配量的目标深度分类模型。接收深度不同时,算法虽均使用垂直复声强为匹配量,但实际上影响深度分类效果的模态互相关项是不同的。根据目标深度分类需求的不同,通过指定双矢量传感器的接收深度,实现目标深度分类模型匹配量的优化选取,从而实现目标深度分类算法性能的提升。仿真结果表明：该算法适用于目标频率激发3阶简正波的情况,算法的频率适用范围得以扩展。算法在低信噪比(SNR)情况下(SNR=0 dB)、复杂海洋波导中可以获得有价值的深度分类结果。     

矢量垂直阵的物体深度辨识研究

为有效对水面物体、水下物体实现深度判决,研究了利用垂直布设的矢量水听器组的声压和水平振速互谱函数有功分量的正负号进行判决的方法,该方法适用于变声速环境的浅海甚低频(VLF)声场物体深度辨识。依据在波导中只存在两阶简正波的条件,分析水域深度与探测频率范围的关系,并就几种不同声速剖面情况进行仿真分析。对千岛湖水声试验中的数据进行处理,辨识结果和实际深度符合良好,正确率80%及以上。      

静电场对压电薄膜中声表面波传播的影响

该文介绍了声表面波(SAW)在压电薄膜中传播时静电场的影响机理。首先给出了静电场作用下压电薄膜中的初始应力和初始电位移,然后通过求解含有初始应力和初始电位移的压电介质耦合波动方程,得到SAW在静电场影响下的相速度变化和频散曲线,最后仿真分析了ZnO和AlN两种压电薄膜材料中SAW的传播特性。结果表明,SAW的相速度与静电场成正比,与波数成反比。     

微带结构Sommerfeld 积分奇异性分析和表面波极点有效提取

提取表面波的DCIM能够准确计算无耗分层媒质中的空域格林函数。然而,多层媒质表面波极点的提取比较困难,并且此方法没有考虑侧面波在远区的作用。本文基于复变函数理论,严格分析了Sommerfeld积分极点和支点奇异性对远场的影响;将PSO(particle swarm optimization)与Newton-Raphson算法相结合,提出一种快速精确定位表面波极点的方法,并将其应用到提取表面波的三级DCIM,实现了分层媒质空域格林函数的准确计算。通过单层无耗介质和四层有耗介质微带结构空域格林函数的计算实例,证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

Weakly dispersive spectral theory of transients, part I: Formulation and interpretation

Dispersive effects in transient propagation and scattering are usually negligible over the high frequency portion of the signal spectrum, and for certain configurations, they may be neglected altogether. The source-excited field may then be expressed as a continuous spatial spectrum of nondispersive time-harmonic local plane waves, which can be inverted in closed form into the time domain to yield a fundamental field representation in terms of a spatial spectrum of transient local plane waves. By exploiting its analytic properties, one may evaluate the basic spectral integral in terms of its singularities-real and complex, time dependent and time independent-in the complex spectral plane. These singularities describe distinct features of the propagation and scattering process appropriate to a given environment. The theory is developed in detail for the generic local plane wave spectra representative of a broad class of two-dimensional propagation and diffraction problems, with emphasis on physical interpretation of the various spectral contributions. Moreover, the theory is compared with a similar approach that restricts all spectra to be real, thereby forcing certain wave processes into a spectral mold less natural than that admitting complex spectra. Finally, application of the theory is illustrated by specific examples. The presentation is divided into three parts. Part I, in this paper, deals with the formulation of the theory and the classification of the singularities. Parts II and III, to appear subsequently, contain the evaluation and interpretation of the spectral integral and the applications, respectively.     

Electro-acoustic Lateral Waves in a Hot Plasma†

This paper considers the possibility of excitation of lateral waves in a compressible plasma in contact with conducting boundaries. The present investigation demonstrates the existence of a peculiar type of lateral wave which travels a certain distance along the conducting surface with the phase velocity of light in a cold plasma and is then reflected back at the critical angle into the compressible plasma in which the wave propagates with the phase velocity of acoustic waves. These electro-acoustic lateral waves ore the contribution to the pressure field integral from the integration around the branch cut which depends on both the velocity of light and the adiabatic sound velocity in plasma-electrons.     

Bulk waves radiated from an interdigital metallic transducer deposited on an anisotropic substrate

The whole acoustic field emanating from a metallic interdigital transducer (IDT) deposited on an anisotropic half-space is computed. Extending the classical Lamb approach, it is shown that the field can be expressed by an integral whose singularities give rise to both Rayleigh surfaces waves (SAWs) and well collimated bulk waves (BAWs). For a Y-cut, Z-propagation quartz crystal a horizontal shear wave is excited; it is shown that the orientation and width of the main lobe can be chosen by changing the frequency.     

基于角谱法分析圆形活塞声源近场声特性

圆形活塞的声辐射应用较广,大多数超声检测应用中所用的声源,都可视为活塞式辐射器。利用角谱法分析了传播波和倏逝波在声场轴线上的分布与空间位置、声源半径及辐射频率间的关系,通过比较两种波的声压幅值确定了倏逝波的有效传播距离。利用近场声全息(NAH)理论计算了倏逝波在换能器近场空间的声压分布,并对结果进行误差分析。仿真结果表明,基于空间傅里叶变换的角谱法和NAH法均可准确反映圆形活塞辐射近场声压呈现数衰减的分布规律。     

粗糙海面对电波传播的影响研究

蒸发波导能够部分陷获电磁波的传播,从而改变电磁波的传播特征,形成超视距传播,但是粗糙海面对电波传播的影响会削弱这种传播特性。基于抛物方程(PE)模型,采用包含粗糙海面阴影效应的反射系数来计算电波传播损耗,仿真结果略大于采用Miller-Brown模型做海面粗糙度修正的传播损耗值。表明当波长与浪高可比拟甚至远小于浪高时,粗糙海面的阴影效应对电波传播的影响不可忽略。     

Microwave acoustics

During the last few years, generation and propagation of acoustic waves have been extended to frequencies high into the gigacycle region. This paper deals with microwave acoustics, with emphasis on effects and techniques utilized at cryogenic temperatures. The extremely short wavelengths require the use of single crystal propagation media, free from defect scattering, supercooled to reduce wave attenuation from phonon interactions. Interactions of acoustic phonons with other phonons, electrons or holes, and spin waves are possible, with interchanges of energy that can produce attenuation or amplification of acoustic waves. The fundamental characteristics of acoustic wave propagation in crystanine media are discussed, with a review of experimental techniques and results. Microwave acoustic waves in solids and transducers suited to generation and detection are discussed, and a basic analysis of plane wave piezoelectric coupling is presented.     

天发舰收高频雷达一阶海杂波电磁散射特性分析

天发舰收高频雷达是对传统固定平台条件下天地波雷达系统的延伸,由于舰载平台运动和传播信道中电离层的影响,使得一阶海杂波谱呈现出更多特点.本文根据Walsh模型中一阶电场方程,推导得到了天发舰收传播模式下一阶海面散射截面积的解析表达式.然后,根据表达式对不同因素对一阶谱的影响进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明雷达工作频率、舰载平台运动和电离层水平漂移运动是引起一阶海杂波谱多普勒展宽的主要原因,风向主要影响一阶海杂波谱的形态变化,而这一特点为根据一阶海杂波谱进行海洋遥感提供了可能.     

Radio wave propagation along mixed paths through a four-layeredmodel of rain forest: an analytic approach

This paper presents a novel full-wave analysis of the radio waves that are excited from a dipole antenna located in the trunk layer and propagate inside a four-layered forest medium. The dyadic Green's functions for the four-layered geometry are applied first to derive the integral expression of the electric fields. The closed form of the electric fields is then obtained by using the quasi-static approximation, saddle-point technique, and branch-cut integrations in the complex plane and, hence, expressed in terms of direct waves, multiple reflected waves, and lateral waves. Two kinds of images, i.e., the quasi-dynamic and complex images, are considered in the integration in the complex plane. Among those waves excited by a dipole antenna in the four-layered medium, it is shown theoretically and numerically that the lateral wave along the upper-side air-canopy interface plays a role of dominant modes. The propagation mechanism of other lateral waves due to the air-canopy, canopy-trunk, and trunk-ground interfaces is also discussed and analyzed so as to gain an insight into the wave characteristics. Transmission losses of the lateral waves are calculated numerically