Characterization of asymmetric rhombohedral twin in epitaxial α-Cr2O3 thin films by X-ray and electron diffraction

Epitaxial chromium oxide (α-Cr₂O₃) films grown by atomic layer deposition at 375 °C from CrO₂Cl₂ and CH₃OH on (1 1¯ 0 2) oriented α-Al₂O₃ have been studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray reflection (XRR). The thickness of the films ranged from 10 to 310 nm, and the average growth rate was 0.1 nm per deposition cycle. According to the XRD analysis, the orientation relationship in thinner films was (1 1¯ 0 2)[1 1 0]Cr₂O₃ || (1 1¯ 0 2)[1 1 0]Al₂O₃. Confirmed by the RHEED and XRD analyses, (1¯ 1 0 2) became the preferred growth plane at the thicknesses above 40 nm. This change has been interpreted as the appearance of an asymmetric rhombohedral twin with the orientation relationship between the layers (1¯ 1 0 2)[1 1 0]top || (1 1¯ 0 2)[1 1 0]bottom and (1¯ 1 0 2)[1 1¯ 1]top || (1 1¯ 0 2)[1¯ 1 1]bottom. The match of the anion and cation sublattices of both layers was characterized in terms of the structural model of the twin interface.     

关于Fuzzy综合评价模型的研究

讨论了Fuzzy模型P=A(×)B=(p1,p2,…,pn)的算法规则(×)的三种情形,即Pj=max1≤i≤n[min(αi,rij)],pj=∑n)/(i=1αirij,Pj=∑n)/(i=1min(αi,rij), 以及二种评定法则:(1)简单评定法:当pk=max1≤j≤mpj时定为k级.(2)复合评定法:当∑k-1)/(j=1pj≤∑m)/(j=kpj且∑m)/(j=k+1pj≤∑k-1)/(j=1pj时定为k级,当∑k-1)/(j=1pj≥∑m)/(j=kpj且∑k-2)/(j=1pj≤∑m)/(j=k-1pj时定为(k-1)级,当∑m)/(j=k+1pj≥∑k-1)/(j=1pj且∑k-1)/(j=1pj≤∑m)/(j=kpj时定为(k+1)级.当模糊复杂度rij具有一定实际含义下,可能引发误判的三个定理.在三个定理条件下,一次性判定及联合判定均判定为k级,但当模糊复杂度rij有一定实际含义时,会发生不应判定为k级的现象.同时给出了减少误判的措施.     

Isolation and characterization of a nitrobenzene degrading yeast strain from activated sludge

Strain Z1 was isolated from nitrobenzene-contaminated sludge. Strain Z1 was able to utilize nitrobenzene as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy under aerobic condition. Based on the morphology, physiological biochemical characteristics, and 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence, strain Z1 was identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Strain Z1 mineralized up to 450mg L(-1) nitrobenzene. Kinetics of nitrobenzene degradation was described using the Andrews equation. The kinetic parameters were as follows: q(max)=1.50h(-1), K(s)=31.31mg L(-1), and K(i)=101.34mg L(-1). Strain Z1 had a high-salinity tolerance. It degraded nitrobenzene effectively in 5% NaCl (quality concentration). Even in the presence of aniline or phenol, strain Z1 degraded nitrobenzene efficiently. Strain Z1 therefore could be an excellent candidate for the bio-treatment of nitrobenzene industrial wastewaters.     

混合Hermite-Lagrange插值之同时逼近

对于(-1,1)中的结点组{X_k}_(k=1)~n,记l_k(x)为相应的Lagrange插值基本多项式,又记A_n=‖∑(2-x~2-x_k~2)(1-x_k~2)~-1丨l_k(x)‖。对于f∈C_([-1,1)~q与r=[q+2/2],本文证明满足条件H_n(f,x_k)=f(x_k)(k=1,2,…,n),H_n~(s)(f,±1)=f~(s)(±1)(s=0,1,…,n-1)的n+2r-1次代数多项式H_n(f,x)有逼近性质H_n~(s)(f,x)-f~(s)(x)=(?)其中δ_n(x)=n~(-1)(1-x~2)~(1/2),△_n(x)=δ_n(x)+n~(-2).作为证明的重要工具,本文还对n次代数多项式P_n(x),建立了另一形式的Bernstein不等武:若 P_n(x)=O(1)δ_n~q(x)ω(δ_n(x)),则p_n~(S)(X)=O(1)δ_n~(q-2S)(X)ω(δ_n(X))△_n~s(X)。     

碳酸盐前躯体Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)CO_3合成条件的研究

以碳酸盐为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法合成Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3前驱体,再按照一定的锂配比将其烧结合成层状Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2。通过SEM及电性能测试仪等方法研究了碳酸盐前躯体的合成条件,考察了碳酸盐前躯体的振实密度与合成的pH值、溶液浓度以及反应时间的关系。经过实验分析,在pH=8、溶液浓度为2mol·L-1,反应时12～13h时合成的碳酸盐前躯体Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3振实密度达到最高值0.98g·cm-3。     

Morphology of thermal etch-pits formed on GaP surfaces

The morphology of thermal etch-pits in GaP single crystal surface induced by heating in a low vacuum is investigated. On heating at 950° C, tetrahedral etch-pits with four (1 1 0) facets are formed on the (1 1 0) plane. Etch-pits with (1 0 0), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) facets are formed at 1000° C, and tetrahedral pits with radiating groove-like pits develop above 1050° C. Trigonal pits with (1 1 0) walls and (1 1 1) bottom are formed on the (1 1 1)_B plane, and hexagonal pits with (1 1 1) and (1 2 1) walls and (0 1 1) bottom are formed on the (1 1 0) cleavage surface. The etch-pit density is about 10⁶ cm^–2 and is independent of heating temperature. The apparent activation energy for etch-pit growth is about 2.2 eV. It is established that dislocation is one of the primary sources of etch-pit formation.     

An algebraic method to reconstruct the relative phases andpolarization of a complex vector in N dimensions based on3(N-1) amplitude measurements

A real vector X in n dimensions whose components are sinusoidally varying with time can be represented by an n-dimensional complex factor Ze^jωt whose real part is X. In different real coordinate systems, the components of X transform linearly, but the amplitudes of the components of Z transform nonlinearly. The author describes a method to reconstruct the relative phases of the (complex) components of Z (and, therefore, of X) based on the amplitude measurements of its n components in an orthogonal coordinate system and at least 2n-3 additional amplitude measurements in different directions. The author shows the necessary and sufficient condition on these additional directions to ensure uniqueness of the phase and polarization reconstruction for any arbitrary vector X, and presents an algebraic method for the reconstruction which offers substantial reduction in computing time over the method of reconstruction by nonlinear optimization. The result of this phase of reconstruction is the complete characterization of the polarization of X except for chirality     

High-Affinity Decoy PD-1 Mutant Screened from an Epitope-Specific Cell Library

Immunotherapy with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies has become routine in the treatment of many kinds of human cancers, such as lung cancer, intestinal cancer, and melanoma. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibits T cell activation in the micro-environment, making it an attractive target against cancer. Wild-type (WT) PD-1 ectodomain has been shown to have difficulty blocking PD-1/PD-L1 mixture formation due to its low affinity. The present work uses three-dimensional (3D) crystal complex structures to analyze the interaction by which PD-1 binds to PD-L1 or PD-L2. It also reports on a theoretical study of the binding mode between PD-1 and its clinical antibody Opdivo. Based on the theoretical binding analysis of PD-1 and its ligands (i.e., PD-L1 and PD-L2) or antibody (Opdivo), a small-content, epitope-oriented mammalian cell library was established for PD-1. After three rounds of cell sorting, the decoy PD-1 mutant 463, which presented a higher affinity than WT PD-1 to the PD-L1 (the affinity has increased by almost three orders of magnitude) was screened out. It exhibited an inhibitory effect against PD-1 to prevent it from forming mixtures with PD-L1, which was similar to the effect of the commercial anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab (ATE). The median effective concentration (EC₅₀) value of the decoy mutant was 0.031 μg·mL⁻¹ in comparison with 0.063 μg·mL⁻¹ for ATE; both values were much lower than that of WT PD-1, at 2.571 μg·mL⁻¹. The 463 decoy mutant reversed the inhibitory function of PD-1 in T cell activation; furthermore, 10 mg·kg⁻¹ of 463 inhibited about 75% of tumor growth in vivo in a MC38 transgenic xenograft mice model, which was similar to the activity of ATE. More interestingly, an even lower dose of 463 (2 mg·kg⁻¹) showed a better effect than 10 mg·kg⁻¹ of WT PD-1. This work offers the decoy 463 with an improved curative effect, which holds potential to become a good option against PD-1/PD-L1-related cancers.     

Crystal orientation dependence of the out-of-plane dielectric properties for barium stannate titanate thin films

The orientation-dependent out-of-plane dielectric properties of barium stannate titanate (Ba(Sn_0.15Ti_0.85)O₃ (BTS)) thin films prepared by sol–gel method were investigated. Films with (1 0 0), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) orientation were grown on LaNiO₃-buffered (1 0 0), (1 1 0), and (1 1 1) LaAlO₃ (LAO) single-crystal substrates, respectively. The different temperature of the dielectric constant maximum (T_m) of the BTS thin films with different orientation was believed to be attributing to stress inside the films. Films with the (1 1 1) orientation had higher relative dielectric constant and tunability than (1 0 0)- and (1 1 0)-oriented films. This difference in dielectric properties in these three kinds of oriented BTS films may be attributed to change in the direction and magnitude of electric polarization in orientation engineered BTS films and stress in the films.     

Modeling of large plastic deformation behavior and anisotropy evolution in cold rolled bcc steels using the viscoplastic ?-model-based grain-interaction

In this paper, a micromechanical approach is used to predict the mechanical response and anisotropy evolution in BCC metals. Particularly, cold rolling textures and the corresponding yield surfaces are simulated using the newly developed viscoplastic intermediate ?-model. This model takes into account the grain interactions but without the Eshelby theory. In this work, we compare our results to those predicted by the upper and lower bounds (Taylor and Static) as well as those of the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model. The results are compared in terms of predicted slip activity, texture evolution and yield loci. For the simulations, we considered two cases: the restricted slip, {1 1 0}〈1 1 1〉, and the pencil glide, {1 1 0}〈1 1 1〉 + {1 1 2}〈1 1 1〉 + {1 2 3}〈1 1 1〉. In addition, we present a qualitative comparison with experimental cold rolling textures taken from the literature for several BCC metals: electrical, ferritic, Interstitial-Free (IF) and low carbon steels. Our results show that the pencil glide assumption is adequate for low carbon and IF-steels and that the restricted slip assumption is well suited for ferritic and electrical steels.     

MOF‐Derived Hollow Cage NixCo3−xO4 and Their Synergy with Graphene for Outstanding Supercapacitors

Highly optimized nickel cobalt mixed oxide has been derived from zeolite imidazole frameworks. While the pure cobalt oxide gives only 178.7 F g^?1 as the specific capacitance at a current density of 1 A g^?1, the optimized Ni:Co 1:1 has given an extremely high and unprecedented specific capacitance of 1931 F g^?1 at a current density of 1 A g^?1, with a capacitance retention of 69.5% after 5000 cycles in a three electrode test. This optimized Ni:Co 1:1 mixed oxide is further used to make a composite of nickel cobalt mixed oxide/graphene 3D hydrogel for enhancing the electrochemical performance by virtue of a continuous and porous graphene conductive network. The electrode made from GNi:Co 1:1 successfully achieves an even higher specific capacitance of 2870.8 F g^?1 at 1 A g^?1 and also shows a significant improvement in the cyclic stability with 81% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor is also assembled using a pure graphene 3D hydrogel as the negative electrode and the GNi:Co 1:1 as the positive electrode. With a potential window of 1.5 V and binder free electrodes, the capacitor gives a high specific energy density of 50.2 Wh kg^?1 at a high power density of 750 W kg^?1.     

From uniform Cu thin films to 〈1 1 0〉 and 〈1 1 1〉 columns

This paper reports the transition phenomenon from uniform Cu thin films to 〈1 1 0〉 and 〈1 1 1〉 columns. Using magnetron sputtering technique, we deposit a series of Cu films on an SiO₂/Si(1 1 1) substrate. Characterizations using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the morphology, the crystal orientation and the internal strain of the Cu films and columns. The Cu films are always uniform and 〈1 1 1〉 textured during the early stage of deposition. For higher sputtering power and shorter target-substrate distance, the 〈1 1 1〉 uniform film yields to columns as deposition continues. This transition correlates with the internal strain in the uniform film. At moderate strain, the columns are of 〈1 1 0〉 orientation and they nucleate at the grain boundaries of the uniform film. At even higher strain, the columns are of 〈1 1 1〉 orientation and they form by the breakup of grains in the uniform film. Based on the strain characterization and the column formation mechanism, we suggest that strain energy is the driving force of the transitions from uniform films to columns.     

前驱体热处理温度对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的影响

以NaCO3为沉淀剂,NH3·H2O为缓冲溶液,将NiSO4、CoSO4和MnSO4混合溶液共沉淀制备（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）CO3前驱体,将其在400-900℃热处理5h制备得（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）Ox氧化物。EDTA络合滴定、BET、XRD及SEM研究表明,随着热处理温度的升高,（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）Ox中过渡金属含量及结晶度随着增加,而比表面积却减小。（Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3）Ox与LiOH混合后在850℃热处理24h制备出LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料,其结构、形貌及电性能的测试结果表明,前驱体在600℃条件下热处理制备的正极材料电化学性能最佳,其首次放电比容量为189.7mAh·g^-1,不同倍率循环60周后,循环保持率为92.4%。     

稀土钽酸盐(RETaO4)高熵陶瓷的制备与热学性能研究

采用固相法制备了三种具有单斜结构的单相固溶体稀土钽酸盐高熵陶瓷(Nd1/6Sm1/6Eu1/6Gd1/6Dy1/6Ho1/6)TaO4(6RETaO4)、(Nd1/5Sm1/5Eu1/5Gd1/5Dy1/5)TaO4(5RETaO4)和(Nd1/4Sm1/4Eu1/4Gd1/4)TaO4(4RETaO4),扫描透射电子...     

圆波导界面电磁场的传播特性

从麦克斯韦方程及边界条件出发对含有两种不同介质的金属波导管进行了研究 ,得到特征方程 (γ1ε2 -γ2 ε1) 2 (μ1γ2 -μ2 γ1) 2 =0 ,指出当γ1ε2 =γ2 ε1,μ1γ2 ≠μ2 γ1时两区域波导模为横磁模 ,γ1ε2 ≠γ1ε2 ,μ1γ2 =μ2 γ1为横电模 ,γ1ε2 =γ2 ε1,μ1γ2 =μ2 γ1为杂交模 .并讨论了截止条件和传播特性 .     

不同气氛对TATB基含铝炸药爆热的影响

为了测定三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)基含铝炸药在不同气氛中的爆热,使用绝热式量热弹对其压装药在真空、0.1 MPa氮气、0.1 MPa空气、0.1 MPa氧气和1.5 MPa氧气条件下的爆热进行了测量,研究了其能量释放规律,并使用X射线衍射(XRD)对固相产物成分进行了分析。结果表明:TATB基含铝炸药在真空、0.1 MPa氮气、0.1 MPa空气、0.1 MPa氧气和1.5 MPa氧气条件下的爆热依次增加;环境中压力的增加会导致爆热值增大,在0.1MPa氮气中,TATB基含铝炸药的爆热值比真空中增加了15.7%。环境中氧气量的增加也使爆热值增大:0.1 MPa空气中的爆热值比0.1 MPa氮气中增加了7.8%,0.1 MPa氧气中的爆热值比0.1 MPa氮气中高出49.7%,1.5MPa氧气中的爆热值比0.1 MPa氮气中高出146.1%。在富氧气氛下测试TATB基含铝炸药的爆热时,所测爆热接近于炸药的燃烧热,且爆炸产物的XRD结果也表明Al粉已基本氧化完全。同时,在0.1 MPa氮气气氛下没有检测到氮化物Al N的存在。该方法可对不同气氛下含铝炸药的爆热进行测量,并对爆炸产物中Al的存在形式进行分析。     

Demagnetizing factors for cylinders

Fluxmetric (ballistic) and magnetometric demagnetizing factors N_f and N_m for cylinders as functions of susceptibility χ and the ratio γ of length to diameter have been evaluated. Using a one-dimensional model when γ⩾10, N_f was calculated for -1⩽χ<∞ and N_m was calculated for χ→∞. Using a two-dimensional model when 0.01⩽γ⩽50, an important range for magnetometer measurements, N_m and N_f were calculated for -1⩽χ<∞. Demagnetizing factors for χ<0 are applicable to superconductors. For χ=0, suitable for weakly magnetic or saturated ferromagnetic materials, N_f and N_m were computed exactly using inductance formulas     

钛铝合金板材压印成形及接头力学性能实验研究

对钛合金(TA1)和铝合金(Al5052)板材组合进行压印连接的可行性进行了研究,发现压印连接可以有效地实现TA1-TA1组合和Al5052-TA1组合的连接。对所获得的接头进行准静态力学性能测试,并运用扫描电子显微镜对接头拉伸断口进行微观分析。结果表明,压印连接时,钛合金和铝合金的组合能够获得成形性较好的压印接头,TA1-TA1接头的最大载荷和失效位移较Al5052-TA1接头提高了303.8%和49.4%,这两种接头静态失效形式相似,为上板颈部材料首先被破坏,产生裂纹,之后裂纹沿周向逐渐扩展,最终导致整个压印接头断裂。由微观断口可以判断TAl-TA1接头断口处呈现准解理和韧窝形貌,即同时具有韧性断裂和脆性断裂的特征;Al5052-TA1接头断口处呈现直径和深度较大的拉长韧窝,即为韧性断裂。     

Al2O3膜表面包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的微观结构和电化学特性

采用液相浸渍法在球形颗粒LiNi1／3Co1／2Mn1／3O2的表面包覆上了一层Al2O3膜．结构分析表明，表面A1203膜的厚度约100nm，具有一定的无定形结构，核体材料具有纯六方相结构．实验结果证明，表面Al2O3膜能够有效提高正极材料的耐过充能力和循环稳定性．在截止电压为3．0—4．5V，充放电倍率为1C的条件下，Al2O3表面包覆膜后正极活性物质50次循环的容量保持率提高了11．5％．     

Multirate polynomials prediction with unevenly spaced samples

A method for polynomial prediction with unevenly spaced samples is proposed for dynamic upsampling purposes, frequently needed in digital signal-processing applications. The procedure is based on Newton's divided-difference interpolation formula, which allows prediction along a polynomial of degree n if the samples are arbitrarily spaced. For this purpose, it is necessary to store n+1 latest values pairs (x_i, u_i) where x _i is the time instant when the sample y_i is available. Based on the (x_i, y_i ) pairs, the algorithm predicts y-samples for arbitrary values of x. Noise reduction techniques based on bandwidth limiting are discussed. As an application, a velocity measurement system is considered, based on pulse-width measuring, where the primary interest is in improving the accuracy at very low speeds