锂离子电池用固体聚合物电解质的最新进展

全固态聚合物电解质由于其突出的安全性能,在锂离子电池中具有潜在的应用前景,其研究备受关注.本文综述了锂离子电池用全固态聚合物电解质的最新研究进展.主要关注的是电化学性能,尤其是室温附近的离子电导率.对性能较好的聚合物固体电解质体系进行了概述.     

锂离子电池用固态偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物电解质的研究进展

固体聚合物电解质具有质轻、安全、易加工等优点,在锂离子电池中具有极大的应用价值.综述了以偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)共聚物为基的聚合物电解质的研究工作,介绍了PVDF-HFP固体电解质的制备方法,分析了影响此聚合物电解质性能的因素,并讨论了PVDF-HFP电解质的改性措施,对今后的发展方向作了简要展望.     

锂离子电池聚氨酯型凝胶态聚合物电解质的研究

采用一种自制新型超支化聚醚(PHEMO)与甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯(MDI)在电解液中进行缩合反应,制备了一种具有交联网状结构的聚氨酯(PEU)型凝胶态聚合物电解质.利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、交流阻抗谱等测试方法对聚合物电解质的结构、热稳定性能、离子电导率进行了研究.研究发现:上述制备的PM-1M-Z4聚合物电解质体系室温电导率可达2.53×10-3S/cm,电化学稳定窗口为2.3～4.0V,并且具有较好的热稳定性和优良的机械性能.此外,在这种新型的电解质中,电解液小分子被聚合物大分子包裹在其中,可有效防止凝胶聚合物电解质的漏液问题,从而可提高锂离子电池的安全性能.     

Enable high reversibility of Fe/Cu based fluoride conversion batteries via interfacial gas release and detergency of garnet electrolytes

Garnet-type Ta-doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZTO) electrolyte suffers from unstable chemical passivation under air exposure, responsible for the poor interfacial wettability and conductivity with Li metal. Instead of conventional methods to remove surface contaminants by mechanical polishing, acid etching and high temperature reduction, herein we propose a simple strategy of interfacial gas release and detergency to smartly convert Li₂CO₃ passivation layer into ion-conductive Li₃PO₄ domains at mild temperature (∼200 ℃). The in-situ formation of PH₃ vapor and its phosphorization enables a dramatic decrease of Li/garnet interfacial resistance down to 2 Ω cm² at room temperature (RT). The improved interfacial wettability and conductivity endow the symmetric cells with ultra-stable galvanostatic cycling over 1500 h and high critical current density of 2.6 mA/cm². The high coulombic efficiency of Li plating enables a high reversibility of solid-state NCM811/Li cells even under a low N/P ratio (∼4) and high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V at RT. The prototype of fluoride-garnet solid-state batteries are successfully driven as rechargeable system (rather than widely known primary battery) with high conversion capacity (400 ∼ 500 mAh/g) and high-rate performance (251.2 mAh/g at 3 C). This interface infiltration-detergency approach provides a practical solution to the achievement of high-energy solid-state Li metal batteries.     

Surface modification of anode substrate via nano-powder slurry spin coating for the thin film electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cell

The feasibility of employing a NiO-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nano-powder slurry spin coating (NSC) to fabricate a thin film (≤ 1 μm) electrolyte solid oxide fuel cell (TF-SOFC) on a relatively rough surface of the support is investigated in this study. The NiO-YSZ nano-powder with ~ 200 nm particle size was synthesized by a single-step glycine nitrate process and super-apex milling. Through varying the NiO-YSZ nano-powder slurry condition by changing polymeric additives, a leveled surface of the spin coated layer which enabled to overcome the surface roughness of the bulk ceramic processed anode substrate was obtained. On the NSC layer, TF-SOFC components with flat profiles could be fabricated using pulsed laser deposition. A stable open circuit voltage of 1.04 V was obtained with these thin film components on an anode support with a rough surface.     

锂离子电池用聚合物固体电解质的研究及展望

聚合物固体电解质是制备高功率密度,高能量密度,长循环寿命的锂离子电池的关键材料之一。本文介绍了聚合物固体电解质的制备及基本性能,论述了不同品种聚合物固体电解质的制备方法,并根据存在的问题,提出发展方向。     

Al4B2O9纳米棒改性制备优异综合性能的固体聚合物电解质

随着储能设备和电力驱动产品的激增,特别是电动汽车的大规模推广应用,全固态电池被认为是最有可能解决电动设备日益严峻的安全问题和高能量密度需求的策略之一.本文报道了一种Al4B2O9纳米棒改性的聚环氧乙烷(PEO)基固体聚合物电解质(ASPE),其具有高离子电导率、宽电化学窗口、良好的机械性能和阻燃性能.具体来说,因为Al...     

全固态锂离子电池中金属锂负极界面优化改性研究

以共聚物PEDOT-co-PEG作为锂金属阳极的表面改性层,采用磷酸铁锂复合阳极和“石榴石型”物质以及聚合氧乙烷聚合物组成的固体电解质制备了全固态锂离子电池。采用SEM分析了锂金属充电-放电反复操作后的形态学改变;采用电化学组抗谱试验研究了改性后的锂金属以及复合固体电解质接触面的稳定性并对全固态锂离子电池的充电-放电性能和界面稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,未改性的锂金属在固态电池充电-放电过程中会生成锂枝晶,从而导致全固态锂离子电池的高电流密度容量快速衰变;“石榴石型”物质以及聚合氧乙烷聚合物组成的固体电解质与改性后的金属锂具有良好的接触面,从而扼制锂枝晶的形成,提高全固态锂离子电池的机械性能;在PEDOT-co-PEG共聚物改性锂金属后,全固态锂离子电池的平稳性显著提高,且容量减弱放缓。     

基于OMMT/PVDF-HFP的锂离子电池用复合聚合物电解质

对蒙脱石进行改性,并用直接挥发溶剂法制备有机蒙脱石/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯复合聚合物电解质。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等对所制电解质性能进行表征,用交流阻抗和充放电实验研究聚合物电池的电化学性质。结果表明：直接挥发溶剂法制得的复合聚合物膜呈蜂窝状,孔穴丰富,强度增加,浸取电解液后室温离子电导率为1.51 mS/cm,电化学稳定窗口为5.5V;以LiCoO₂为正极制得的聚合物电池0.1C充放电,50次循环后容量保持率达到95.3%,倍率放电能力较好,有机蒙脱石的加入可改善电池的电极界面性质,提高电池充放电循环性能。     

Transport characteristics of ZrO2 dispersed mixed (BaCl2)1−x-(KCl)x solid electrolytes

Composite solid electrolytes in the system [(BaCl₂)_1−x:(KCl)_x]_1−y:(ZrO₂)_y were prepared following the conventional ceramic powder processing route. In the mixed matrix system prepared by melt quench technique, a nominal increase in conductivity (σ) was found in (BaCl₂)_0.9:(KCl)_0.1. On ZrO₂ particle dispersion in this mixed matrix, the maximum conductivity (∼90 times that of base matrix value) was found to occur with 50 m/o of ZrO₂. Conductivity increases monotonically over the temperature range from 100 to 300 °C studied and attains the value of 10 × 10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹ at 300 °C. The mobility (μ) of the charge carriers at room temperature was found to be 18.5 × 10⁻² cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and the increase in μ with temperature was not very significant. The transference ionic number determination showed that the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is predominantly due to ions. This study indicates that the conductivity is governed by mobile ion concentration.     

炭材料在锂金属电池中应用进展

金属锂作为下一代高能量密度电池的负极材料,具有广阔的应用前景.然而,金属锂的沉积/剥离过程常伴随着高曲折度的枝晶的形成,导致电池寿命短,甚至会诱发安全隐患.迄今为止,研究者们已开发出多种方法来抑制枝晶生长和调节固体电解质界面膜的均匀性.炭材料因其轻质、高导电、多级多孔、化学和物理稳定特性被设计成不同种类的材料来用于稳定...     

Preparation of inorganic solid state thin film for electrochromic application

All oxide solid state ITO (indium tin oxide)/Li_yWO_3−x/Li_1−zMn₂O₄/ITO stacked structure was deposited on a silica glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition for its electrochromic application. The Li doped amorphous tungsten trioxide Li_yWO_3−x thin film prepared at room temperature and in oxygen pressure of 7 Pa got the color of blue due to the mixture valence state of tungsten. We found that the amorphous Li_1−zMn₂O₄ thin film was suitable for the electrochromic application in spite of the low ion conductivity along in-plane direction. The ITO electrode thin film deposited at room temperature showed the relatively high transmittance and the usable conductivity. The transmittance at a wavelength of 750 nm for the ITO/Li_yWO_3−x/Li_1−zMn₂O₄/ITO stacked film changed from 50% to 80% by the applied voltage, while the transmittance at around 450 nm did not change. The blue-colored electrochromic property could be observed for the all oxide solid state film.     

Multifunctional solid state lasers based on ferroelectric crystals

From the appearance of the laser, 50 years ago, the use of ferroelectric crystals in optical devices has constituted a field of much interest and activity. Ferroelectric materials have been employed successfully in nonlinear passive optical systems such as frequency mixers, optical parametric oscillators, and modulators of light.In the last years it has been demonstrated that several ferroelectric materials can also operate as active optical systems generating laser action when the suitable optically active impurities are incorporated into the crystals.Here, it will be shown how some important features offered by ferroelectric materials (nonlinearity, presence of ferroelectric domains, phase transition, thermal hysteresis, …) can be exploited in order to provide solid state lasers with a reliable multifunctional optical character.     

高性能双网络PAM/P123凝胶电解质的制备及其在二次Zn-MnO_(2)电池中的应用EI北大核心

柔性能量存储设备处于下一代电源的最前沿,其中最重要的组件之一就是凝胶电解质。采用自由基聚合法制备PAM/P123锌离子电池用双网络凝胶电解质,结果表明:加入少量三嵌段共聚物P123,宏观上提高凝胶电解质的抗拉强度、韧性和抗压强度,同时微观上使凝胶骨架形成0.6μm的中孔并提高表面孔分布密度,进而提高了电解液的浸润性。PAM/P123系列电解质不仅具有高平均溶胀率,而且在-30~65℃范围内电导率均高于纯PAM电解质。其中PAM/P123-2性能最佳,具有1920.79%平均溶胀率,且在0℃时的离子电导率为36.2 mS·cm^(-1)。使用该凝胶电解质制备的柔性准固态Zn/MnO_(2)电池在0℃下充放电稳定,1000周次循环后容量保持率达82.39%。     

Recent developments in thin film electro-acoustic technology for biosensor applications

The article reviews recent developments of the thin film electro-acoustic (TEA) technology in view of the design and fabrication of micro-acoustic transducers for biosensor applications. The use of the TEA technology leads to transducer miniaturisation, compatibility with the IC technology, possibility for multiplexing, decrease in fabrication cost, reduction of consumables, mass fabrication, etc. Focus lies on the design, fabrication and evaluation of the transducer performance in liquid media as judged by electro-acoustic behaviour and ultimately by mass and viscosity resolution. The analysis draws the conclusion that the thickness excited quasi-shear thin film bulk acoustic resonator technology is far ahead in its development with regard to other alternative approaches in terms of both performance and level of maturity. Consequently, the main aspects of the quasi-shear thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) technology from film synthesis and fabrication through to performance evaluation and demonstration are reviewed in detail.     

锂离子二次电池纳米复合聚合物电解质研究进展

聚合物锂离子电池具有重量轻，比能量高，安全性能好等优点，是本世纪发展的理想能源。锂离子电池用聚合物电解质的研究包括全固态聚合物电解质（SPE），凝胶聚合物电解质（GPE）和复合聚合物电解质（CPE）。本文重点综述了纳米复合聚合物电解质在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展及展望。     

Elevated‐Temperature 3D Printing of Hybrid Solid‐State Electrolyte for Li‐Ion Batteries

While 3D printing of rechargeable batteries has received immense interest in advancing the next generation of 3D energy storage devices, challenges with the 3D printing of electrolytes still remain. Additional processing steps such as solvent evaporation were required for earlier studies of electrolyte fabrication, which hindered the simultaneous production of electrode and electrolyte in an all‐3D‐printed battery. Here, a novel method is demonstrated to fabricate hybrid solid‐state electrolytes using an elevated‐temperature direct ink writing technique without any additional processing steps. The hybrid solid‐state electrolyte consists of solid poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) matrices and a Li⁺‐conducting ionic‐liquid electrolyte. The ink is modified by adding nanosized ceramic fillers to achieve the desired rheological properties. The ionic conductivity of the inks is 0.78 × 10 ^?3 S cm^?1. Interestingly, a continuous, thin, and dense layer is discovered to form between the porous electrolyte layer and the electrode, which effectively reduces the interfacial resistance of the solid‐state battery. Compared to the traditional methods of solid‐state battery assembly, the directly printed electrolyte helps to achieve higher capacities and a better rate performance. The direct fabrication of electrolyte from printable inks at an elevated temperature will shed new light on the design of all‐3D‐printed batteries for next‐generation electronic devices.     

Electrochemical performances of NiO/Ni2N nanocomposite thin film as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Despite the high specific capacities, the practical application of transition metal oxides as the lithium ion battery (LIB) anode is hindered by their low cycling stability, severe polarization, low initial coulombic efficiency, etc. Here, we report the synthesis of the NiO/Ni₂N nanocomposite thin film by reactive magnetron sputtering with a Ni metal target in an atmosphere of 1 vol.% O₂ and 99 vol.% N₂. The existence of homogeneously dispersed nano Ni₂N phase not only improves charge transfer kinetics, but also contributes to the one-off formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In comparison with the NiO electrode, the NiO/Ni₂N electrode exhibits significantly enhanced cycling stability with retention rate of 98.8% (85.6% for the NiO electrode) after 50 cycles, initial coulombic efficiency of 76.6% (65.0% for the NiO electrode) and rate capability with 515.3 mA·h·g⁻¹ (340.1 mA·h·g⁻¹ for the NiO electrode) at 1.6 A·g⁻¹.     

Recent progress in electrode materials produced by spray pyrolysis for next-generation lithium ion batteries

We review the effect that various structures and composites synthesized by spray pyrolysis have on the electrochemical performance of next-generation electrodes for medium and large lithium ion batteries. The morphologies of electrode particles in particular have a strong influence on the capacity, power, safety, and cycle life. Recent progress in improving the electrochemical performance of electrodes is provided with a particular focus on electrodes composed of nanoparticles, core–shell or yolk–shell structures, and carbon-based composites. Finally, we propose a direction for future research for high-performance lithium ion batteries incorporating fabrication by spray pyrolysis.