River flow and associated transport of sediments and solutes through a highly urbanised catchment, Bradford, West Yorkshire

The hydrological characteristics of catchments become drastically modified in response to urbanisation. The total contributions and dynamics of runoff, suspended sediment and solutes may change significantly and have important implications downstream where they may affect flooding, instream ecological habitat, water quality and siltation of river channels and lakes. Although an appreciation of the likely hydrological changes is crucial for effective catchment management they are still poorly understood. In this paper we present data from a network of river monitoring stations throughout the heavily urbanised Bradford catchment, West Yorkshire. Sites are upstream, within and downstream of the highly urbanised central part of the catchment. Flow, turbidity (calibrated to suspended sediment concentration) and specific conductance (surrogate for solute concentration), logged at 15-min intervals, are presented for a 12-month period (June 2000 to June 2001). The total amounts and dynamics of flow, solute and suspended sediment transport were investigated. Estimated total flow and suspended sediment transport for the monitoring period were found to be high in response to the high total rainfall. Flow and sediment transport regimes were extremely 'flashy' throughout the catchment and became increasingly flashy in a downstream direction. Suspended sediment discharged from the Bradford subcatchment makes an important contribution to downstream sediment transport on the river Aire at Beal. Data suggest that the urbanised part of the Bradford catchment is extremely important in contributing solutes to the Beck (river). Although flow and sediment are also contributed to the Bradford Beck in the urbanised part of the catchment the data suggest that significant amounts may enter the combined sewer system and bypass the river. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of flow and the transport of suspended sediment and solutes in rivers in urbanized subcatchments is crucial to their effective management and monitoring. Furthermore, this knowledge may be extremely important to the management and monitoring of downstream rivers in large scale mixed catchments.     

飞翔的海鸥——从工业码头到城市公园——万达维湾项目在城市功能更新与生态修复中的实践

城市功能更新与生态修复是全世界都面临的普遍问题。万达青岛维湾项目是企业参与城市功能更新与生态修复的典型案例,在推动城市发展的过程中有很好的示范作用,并据此总结出与之相结合的超大型项目规划开发方法,为万达集团开发建设超大型文化旅游旅项目提供理论依据和实践经验,也为所在城市的经济发展、环境改善贡献力量。     

"面向河道"的更新设计——新加坡河沿河地区城市更新解读

该文从城市设计的视角,分析新加坡河沿河建筑形态、街区尺度、交通系统、景观系统等方面所采用的设计手法,并提出新加坡河沿河地区的城市设计采用"面向河道"的更新策略.在分析过程中,注重考察和研究这些设计手法对社会经济的发展、传统文化的保护、城市环境的提升所产生的综合效益.     

基于KPI-ANP的绿色施工管理绩效评价研究

构建以经济要素、技术要素、管理要素、环境要素四个方面为准则层的绿色施工管理关键绩效评价(KPI)指标体系,引入网络分析法(ANP),建立基于KPI-ANP绿色施工管理绩效综合评价模型。运用超矩阵综合计算、分析各项指标的相互作用,确定关键绩效指标的混合权重值,对符合选取条件的青岛市5家施工企业绿色施工管理绩效状况进行综合评价,明确指出施工企业绿色施工管理的实施状况及各项指标对绿色施工管理绩效评价体系的影响程度,并提出相应的措施建议。     

基于BIM技术的工程项目绩效评价方法研究

BIM技术作为一种新兴技术,拥有许多不确定因素和趋势。在全行业应用BIM技术的环境下,业界普遍认为BIM技术可以带来较高的经济价值,但是该观点缺少强有力的评价体系支撑。本文根据BIM技术的应用特点,结合问卷调查以及文献归纳的方式,确定绩效评价指标,并利用层次分析法以及模糊综合评价法,建立了基于BIM技术的工程项目的绩效评价体系。将建立的BIM项目绩效评估体系应用于某个已完成验收的BIM试点项目,进行项目绩效的综合评价。     

基于水生态系统服务综合效能提升的城市河流生态修复研究

针对城市双修背景下河流生态修复工作存在的3大误区与困境,通过荟萃分析的文献定量研究,厘清了城市河流修复的生态效应,指出河流生态修复对水生态系统服务有着积极的提升作用,丰富物种多样性,增加物种数量与分布密度,对调节性生态系统服务有显著的正面影响。研究构建了城市河流生态修复方面,水生态系统服务综合效能提升的概念模型,包括以水质净化为基础、生境多样性为核心、文化性服务为关键的3个方面。     

Analysis of the QUESTOR water quality model using a Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) for two UK rivers

This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of a well-known in-stream water quality model, QUESTOR (QUality Evaluation and Simulation TOol for River systems) as applied to two rivers of contrasting land-use in the northeast of England: the 'rural' Ouse and the 'urban' Aire. The analysis employed a version of the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) that quantifies the contribution of changes in individual parameters and combination of parameters to the variance of the model output (here the Nash-Sutcliffe) in an efficient way. The quantification of the sensitivity of the model output to the parameters led to the identification of the most influential parameters. Differences between the Aire and the Ouse were found, reflecting their different water quality regime. Results highlighted the importance of interactions between two, or more, parameters on the model output. It led to question the one-at-a-time calibration method currently applied with QUESTOR and underlined the importance of including interactions between parameters in sensitivity analyses. Comparison of the relative influence of parameters versus input data showed contrasting results. In the urban system, the inputs from discharges (sewage treatment works and industrial effluents) were highly influential on model outputs and generally more important than the model parameters. For the rural river, the tributary discharges were most influential, but only at a similar or a lower level than the model parameters.     

赣江S湾活水岸公园:自然驱动的河流景观生态修复实践

Possessing significant ecological and landscape values, river shorelines are regarded as a region’s most important interface to resist natural disasters while they are also extremely dynamic and sensitive. Therefore, it is critical to follow the laws of nature in design and planning of river shorelines to achieve the harmonious coexistence of human and nature free of flood catastrophes. This article takes the S River Park on the Living Shoreline of the Rule Lake New Town, Ganjiang New District, Jiangxi Province as an example of nature-based design approach: First, by examining remote sensing maps and water level data in different historical periods of the site, the design team learnt the evolving hydrological characteristics of the river; Second, the relations between the river’s evolution and major human interventions in history are clarified and sorted; Last but not the least, guided by the nature laws of water erosion and sedimentation, a naturebased design solution was approached—Bycatalyzing natural processes with appropriate human interventions, it aims at rehabilitating the damaged sandbar habitats through spontaneous remediation of the river, and creating fascinating riverfront experience out of a rational function zoning of the park based on various natural conditions, thus to make the new town more vibrant and resilient by connecting it with the seasonal waterfront landscape driven by the ebb and flow of the river.     

The assessment of restoration of habitat in urban wetlands

Wetlands in urban areas are often restored in an attempt to reduce the loss of such habitats. Unfortunately, the success, or otherwise, of programmes of restoration has rarely been systematically gauged. Through not knowing whether programmes of restoration are successful or not, valuable resources potentially continue to be wasted, wetland habitats remain degraded and the methods of restoration are not assessed for future programmes of restoration.Several factors have contributed to poor assessment of restoration of urban wetlands. First, often the goals of restoration have been unrealistic because they failed to consider that wetlands in urban areas are subjected to ongoing and often large-scale anthropogenic disturbances. Second, goals of restoration often have not been clearly defined and, consequently, predictive hypotheses were not formulated to test for the success of restoration. Third, even when success of restoration has been assessed, this has not always been adequate because of inappropriate sampling design.Such problems can be overcome by treating restoration of habitat as experiments and using the knowledge gained from each project to improve future programmes of restoration. This will ensure that the remaining semi-natural habitats along coasts in urban areas can be more effectively managed.     

改革开放以来珠江三角洲城市与区域发展研究综述

改革开放以来,珠江三角洲城市与区域发展的研究可划分为3个阶段。根据众多学对珠江三角洲城市与区域经济发展、城市发展与城市化、交通与土地利用、城市群研究、区域协调发展5个方面的研究,提出珠江三角洲城市的对外竞争主要体现在区域竞争力上,应走区域经济一体化台作的道路,即应选择全球城盟的发展方向。     

我国城市规划实施评估发展历程、技术特征与演变趋势

在20余年的发展过程中,国内城市规划实施评估从“评估源起”到“聚焦总规”再到“多元拓展”,形成了相对固化的评估模式。其技术特征表现在五大方面,即规划落实的检验、实施过程的分析、实施问题的研判、公众反馈的归纳和优化实施的建议。该评估模式的逻辑基点是将评估视为一个实证命题,以实证主义方法为手段,重事实描述轻价值判断,体现出鲜明的“实证本位、测量导向”特征。然而,无论是从评价活动的本质要求还是从政策科学的基本规律来看,实证与规范相结合,从测量导向到测量、判断、解释、对策的综合导向,是评估发展的必然要求,构成了规划实施演变趋势的基本内涵。     

建筑卷扬机性能的综合评价

对建筑卷扬机性能的评价不仅要看卷扬机单位重所提供的生产率,还应考虑电机启动的冲击系数和电机工作点系数。建议卷扬机设计规范,应修订并增加电机启动时间的验算及推荐值的规定。     

京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区的城市体系比较研究＊--基于企业关联网络的分析方法

城市群不仅是地理上的相邻性,更重要的是经济上的关联性,而企业是城市关联网络的“作用者”。在全球、国家和地区3个空间层面上,采用企业关联网络的分析方法,揭示了京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区的城市体系的主要异同所在。北京、上海、广州和深圳既是全国的核心城市,也分别是3个地区的“门户城市”,发挥向外连接全球经济网络和向内辐射区域腹地的“两个扇面”作用。3个地区的门户城市、主要城市和一般城市在各个层面的关联网络中都形成明显的梯度格局。在地区层面上,珠三角地区的城市体系以两个核心和单一层级（省域）为特征,显然不同于京津冀地区和长三角地区的城市体系以单一核心和两个层级（区域和省域）为特征。     

关于城市竞争力评价的理论模型研究

本文对已有竞争力模型进行研究与总结,批判性地吸收前人的研究成果,构建了新的城市竞争力评价模型,并且在此评价模型的指导下建立起相应的评价指标体系。     

城市滨水工业区的治理与重生:美国休斯敦港景观规划设计

With the increase of population in big cities, urban industrial districts are constantly seeking new development to realize the conversion from single-functional to multifunctional systems, to equip the city with diverse public spaces. The Port of Houston operates at the dynamic confluence of industry, transportation, and ecological systems, and has been a major driver of Houston’s economic growth over the last century. However, behind the prosperous economic growth, the port suffers from the isolation with the surrounding communities. Based on the “2045 Port Houston Master Plan,” the Landscape Planning and Design for the Port of Houston project focuses on urban space activation and ecological environment restoration through landscape planning and design methods, while facing the challenges of ecological environment, urban spatial pattern repositioning, and other urban issues. The project is expected to build an economically, socially, and ecologically healthy industrial waterfront zone. Port Houston, beyond its primary function as an economic driver, becomes a more visible and substantial force in urban governance of advancing the region’s activation and resilience.     

可持续更新背景下的瑞士城市设计程序——以苏黎世西区为例

基于案例,通过文献收集、数据调研、理论分析,展示可持续更新背景下城市设计工作面临的严峻挑战;从基本思路、具体作法等两个方面总结苏黎世西区城市设计的成功经验。研究结果表明,设计程序的优化是全面提高城市设计方案质量的有效途径。     

辩证的过程性景观设计

过程性是风景园林理论的关键话语,既与自然人文科学挂钩,又与景观设计及其理论衔接,更与学科自主性关联,因此探讨过程性之于风景园林是必要的理论关键词。瑞士风景园林师乔治·德贡布设计的日内瓦艾尔河景观项目则能充分彰显当代景观设计中蕴含的过程性话语。简述德贡布及其作品的基本信息,从设计策略和营造美学2个维度入手,深入剖析艾尔河景观设计的辩证过程性。设计策略关注4个层面的空间性过程：1)“新”与“旧”的位移;2)“显”与“隐”的摆置;3)“几何网格”与“水流力量”的叠加;4)大自然的全面胜利。设计美学聚焦2个层面的时间性过程：1)循环性时间体验;2)绵延性时间体验。旨在一方面从艾尔河景观项目中揭示过程性话语的辩证内涵,另一方面丰富风景园林理论的过程性话语。