高层混凝土框架核心筒-木盒混合结构抗震性能研究

提出了一种以混凝土框架-核心筒结构为“主结构”,每层主结构间内嵌3层装配式轻型木结构为“子结构”的装配式高层建筑结构体系。该混合结构体系实现了建筑使用功能多样化,结构体系集成化,建筑材料绿色化,建造施工装配化的特点。着重研究了体系中主结构与子结构间的连接,根据连接的特点和强弱,提出了3种不同的结构模型：1）重力模型,其特点是主结构与子结构在侧向不连接或弱连接,不考虑子结构对整体结构抗侧刚度的贡献;2）刚度模型,主子结构间采用螺栓有效连接;3）隔震模型,其子结构底面与主结构采用隔震支座连接。采用有限元软件SAP2000对3种具有不同受力特点的模型结构进行抗震性能分析研究。结果表明：重力模型主结构受力安全合理;刚度模型中子结构对整体结构抗侧刚度的贡献可达6%~35%;隔震模型中隔震子结构可明显降低整体结构的地震反应。与建筑功能相同的混凝土框架核心筒结构相比,混凝土框架核心筒-木盒结构自重可减轻25%,地震作用可减小30%,有利于在地震设防区应用。     

Disproportionate collapse analysis of mid-rise cross-laminated timber buildings

Abstract

This paper investigates the structural behaviour of a twelve-storey Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) building subjected to sudden removal of internal and external ground floor loadbearing walls, and computes the probability of disproportionate collapse. Analyses are carried out at three different structural idealisations, accounting for feasibility and complexity of finite elements models to understand their performance at: (i) the global, (ii) the component and (iii) the connection level. Focus is devoted on force and deformation-demands obtained from nonlinear dynamic analyses of the building. The demands are compared against the supply from common CLT panel sizes and the rotational stiffness (k) of the joints, detailed with off-the-shelf angle brackets and self-tapping screws. The study demonstrates that the applied forces and deformations required to develop resistance mechanisms are too large to be supplied by the proposed element and connection designs, if an internal ground floor wall is removed. The considered building has a probability of failure as high as 32% if designed without considerations of the complexities associated with disproportionate collapse. Consequently, to resist the effects of internal wall removal, the floors need to be redesigned and improved structural detailing with sufficient strength, stiffness and ductility is necessary to trigger collapse resistance mechanisms.     

正交胶合木墙与楼面钢梁预应力螺栓连接的抗滑移性能

正交胶合木(cross-laminated timber,CLT)-钢混合结构中,CLT剪力墙的抗侧能力主要取决于墙体与下部构件的抗剪连接.目前,角钢式抗剪连接件是工程中的主要连接形式,该类CLT墙体抗侧时,破坏往往集中在抗剪节点域,而CLT墙体受力并不大.为充分发挥CLT强度和刚度较大的优势,本文探索CLT墙与其下楼...     

Bemessung von Gebäuden in Brettsperrholzbauweise unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung

Design of CLT buildings under seismic actions Cross‐Laminated‐Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product that have been manufactured in Europe for more than ten years, and widely used throughout the continent, with good results in terms of structural behavior, building speed and quality housing. In CLT buildings, resistance to horizontal actions – wind and earthquakes – is entrusted to the wall panel and to metal connection systems to ensure the transfer of shear actions at the base of the wall and the tension actions causing the wall's rocking behavior. Moreover, metal connection systems are systematically adopted for joining the vertical and horizontal diaphragms to ensure a „box like” behavior. This paper illustrates the basic concept of the design under lateral load actions of CLT buildings, with special emphasis to the role of the connections systems, and reports some results of recent research projects, carried out at the University of Trento, by mean both theoretical and experimental investigations. On the basis of this research work accomplished in recent years, a process of technology transfer between research and practice resulted in the development of a software for the design of CLT multi‐storey buildings.     

空间组合式住宅塔楼结构抗震性能研究

针对具有自身特点的空间组合式住宅塔楼的抗震性能进行了模拟地震振动台试验研究。建立了结构计算模型,完成了结构静力计算、模态分析、地震反应分析。研究了结构的抗震性能。揭示了结构层间侧移刚度的空间分布特点以及各抗侧力结构之间协同工作的特点。对改进这类结构的抗震设计提出了建议。     

Integrated wind‐induced response analysis and design optimization of tall steel buildings using Micro‐GA

This paper presents an integrated procedure for wind‐induced response analysis and design optimization for rectangular steel tall buildings based on the random vibration theory and automatic least cost design optimization technique using Micro‐Genetic Algorithm (GA). The developed approach can predict wind‐induced drift and acceleration responses for serviceability design of a tall building; the technique can also provide an optimal resizing design of the building under wind loads to achieve cost‐efficient design. The empirical formulas of wind force spectra obtained from simultaneous measurements of surface pressures on various rectangular tall building models in wind tunnel tests are verified testified using a published example. Upon the known wind force spectra, the equivalent static wind loads for every storey, such as along‐wind, across‐wind and torsional loads, are then determined and applied for structural analysis including estimation of wind‐induced responses. An improved form of GAs, a Micro‐GA, is adopted to minimize the structural cost/weight of steel buildings subject to top acceleration and lateral drifts constraints with respect to the discrete design variables of steel section sizes. The application and effectiveness of the developed integrated wind‐induced response analysis and design optimization procedure is illustrated through a 30‐storey rectangular steel building example. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高层建筑钢结构基于风振响应和动力特性的优化设计

高层建筑的风致响应和等效静力荷载虽然可以通过风洞试验和动力分析有效的加以确定,在结构设计的整个过程中这些等效风力却往往被当作常数来应用。本文提出了一个结合气动风力分析和结构刚度优化的自动化技术。在结构设计中利用这个技术,可以在优化结构刚度和最小化结构造价的同时,实时检查和更新作用在建筑结构上的等效风荷载。一个几何尺度与航空研究共同顾问理事会(CAARC)建议的建筑模型一致的钢框架结构被用来进行风力分析和结构优化的例子。结果表明这个技术不但能在满足位移设计要求的情况下优化结构刚度降低造价,而且也降低了作用在结构上的等效风力。     

乙烯生产钢塔架地震响应分析

采用有限元法和求解特征方程法分别对某乙烯生产钢塔架进行动力特性分析,得到结构的基本频率,通过比较发现两者的计算结果较接近,从而验证采用有限元软件建立的模型的正确性。进而,采用有限元软件对乙烯生产钢塔架进行两个方向的地震响应分析,同时研究有重力和阻尼对结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:①结构侧移刚度小的方向,结构的响应较大,但各层的层间弹性位移转角最大值都满足《建筑抗震设计规范》给定的限值;②重力会增大结构的位移响应,但是对结构的速度及加速度响应没有影响;③阻尼会大幅度降低结构的位移、速度、加速度响应,因此,增大结构的阻尼对结构抗震十分有利。     

Integrated aerodynamic load determination and stiffness design optimization of tall buildings

Modern tall steel buildings are wind sensitive and are prone to dynamic serviceability problems. Although wind tunnel techniques have emerged as valuable tools in providing reliable prediction of the wind‐induced loads and effects on tall buildings, current design practice normally considers the wind tunnel‐derived loads as constant static design loads. Such practice does not take into account the change in wind‐induced structural loads while the dynamic properties of a building are modified during the design synthesis process. This paper presents a computer‐based technique that couples together an aerodynamic wind tunnel load analysis routine and an element stiffness optimization method to minimize the cost of tall steel buildings subject to the lateral drift design criteria, while allowing for instantaneous prediction and updating of wind loads during the design synthesis process. Results of a full‐scale steel building framework with the same geometric shape of the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council (CAARC) standard building indicate that not only is the proposed technique able to produce the cost‐effective element stiffness distribution of the structure satisfying the serviceability wind drift design criteria, but a potential benefit of reducing the design wind loads can also be achieved by the stiffness optimization method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超高层建筑结构加强层耗能减震技术及连接节点设计研究

在框架-核心筒结构体系中,加强层可显著提高结构抗侧刚度、减小结构侧移,但会带来结构刚度、内力突变等不利影响。以某超高层建筑为工程背景,研究了黏滞阻尼器在伸臂桁架体系中的应用及在多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下的减震效果,研究了设置黏滞阻尼器的环带桁架在超高层建筑中的较优位置和减震效率。结果表明：黏滞阻尼器在伸臂桁架结构中的设置可以减小核心筒剪力墙的塑性损伤,减小结构的动力响应;设置黏滞阻尼器的环带桁架宜布置在层间相对速度大的位置,随超高层结构高度增加,阻尼器的减震效率降低。通过对伸臂桁架与外框柱、核心筒连接节点的设计及构造的分析,提出了连接节点的设计建议。     

Structural design of high‐rise buildings using steel‐framed modules: A case study in Hong Kong

Steel‐framed modular buildings afford certain advantages, such as rapid and high‐quality construction. However, although steel‐framed modules have been adopted in several countries, most of them are limited to low‐to‐medium‐rise structures; modular high‐rise buildings are rare. This study proposes a feasible structural design solution for high‐rise buildings using a steel‐framed modular system. A 31‐story student hostel building in Hong Kong is redesigned as a steel‐framed modular building and used as a case study. The finite element models of the building are formulated, and the structural behaviors under wind and earthquake load scenarios are compared. Moreover, the structural design process used for the 31‐story building is applied to design a hypothetical 40‐story modular building to further examine the proposed design solution. The numerical analysis results indicate that the roof lateral displacements and interstory drift ratios of the redesigned modular building are within the allowable limits of design codes; moreover, the modular connections behave elastically under the most adverse loading scenarios. Accordingly, the proposed solution can be used to design steel‐framed modular buildings of up to 40 stories, while complying with relevant wind and seismic codes.     

楼梯参与结构整体计算对某框架结构教学楼抗震性能的影响

学校建筑属于特殊的公共建筑,学生密度相对较高、活动频繁、流动量较大,所以有必要研究学校建筑的抗震性能。本文利用SAP2000有限元分析软件分析考虑梁式楼梯参与结构整体计算时的结构固有特性及结构的地震作用响应,与传统楼梯设计方法(楼梯间结构不考虑地震作用,结构处楼梯间开洞)结构地震反应做对比。结果表明:考虑楼梯参与结构整体计算会增加结构的抗侧刚度,且结构扭转效益增大,总体对结构不利。     

钢框架柱间支撑侧移刚度简化计算及程序设计

针对GB 50017—2003钢结构设计规范相关规定，给出了柱脚铰接时各种常见支撑形式的侧移刚度的简化计算方法，同时使用SAP2000建立多组模型对计算结果进行验证，结果表明简化计算方法的结果与SAP2000计算结果吻合，可以用于工程设计。     

集装箱模块化建筑的抗侧刚度和设计原则

一种由可回收型的集装箱改造而得来的模块化建筑在国内外节能环保建筑领域得到越来越多的应用,因此用于住宅及办公的集装箱模块化建筑应运而生。为了提升集装箱模块化建筑的广泛应用性,首先从集装箱模块化建筑抗侧刚度出发,对单个集装箱的竖向和水平传力特点进行了分析。在此基础上,对多层多跨并列式的集装箱模块化建筑的受力特点和设计原则进行了探讨。最后采用SAP2000软件,进行了集装箱建筑的算例分析。结果表明,集装箱模块化建筑上长梁及顶板均由挠度控制设计,下长梁及底板均由强度控制设计,柱由承载力控制设计。     

往复荷载下正交胶合木剪力墙的#br# 承载能力与变形模式研究

正交胶合木(Cross Laminated Timber,简称CLT)剪力墙结构具有资源可再生、装配化程度高、承载能力强等优点。文章通过拟静力试验对往复荷载下CLT剪力墙的承载能力与变形模式开展研究。设计平台法和连续法建造的带半搭接节点的CLT剪力墙试件,通过对两种建造方法的CLT剪力墙试件进行拟静力往复加载试验,对比往复荷载作用下,两种建造方法的CLT剪力墙试件的破坏模式、初始刚度、耗能能力和刚度退化特性,并分析两种建造方法的CLT剪力墙变形模式变化趋势。研究结果表明：在相同的侧向位移下,连续法CLT剪力墙的节点变形较平台法CLT剪力墙严重,且连续法CLT剪力墙的初始刚度和耗能能力较平台法CLT剪力墙高,两种建造方法的CLT剪力墙均表现出了明显的刚度退化现象。     

转换梁刚度对柱支剪力墙梁式转换结构抗震性能的影响

应用SAP2 0 0 0对柱支剪力墙梁式转换高层建筑进行了基本模型壳系有限元计算 ,通过变化结构层数、转换层层位、转换梁刚度 ,总结了转换梁刚度对柱支剪力墙梁式转换高层建筑结构抗震性能的影响规律 ,供高层建筑结构抗震设计参考。     

基于能力谱法的钢框架抗震性能评估

介绍了能力谱法基本原理与技术路线,结合我国地震烈度设防规定,采用SAP2000有限元程序,针对一个9层钢框架结构,利用能力谱法进行了分析,得到了结构的层间信息以及塑性铰发展机制,并研究了钢框架静力推覆曲线和性能点随框架柱刚度变化的规律。结果表明,随着梁,柱刚度的增加,结构在强震作用下的对应性能点的基底剪力增大,顶点位移减小,说明结构能力谱法是结构抗震性能分析的有效方法,设计人员可以依据能力谱法评估结果调整构件来满足工程抗震需要。     

Influence of non‐structural components on lateral stiffness of tall buildings

A building is a complex assemblage of both structural and non‐structural components (NSC). Although many NSC, such as partition walls, external walls, parapet walls, stairwells, elevator shafts and so forth, are connected directly to the structural system, their behaviour and stiffening effects under lateral loading have normally been ignored by design engineers, despite significant advances in computer technology and the availability of modern computational resources. The performance of structures can be greatly improved by the increase in strength arising from the NSC; on the contrary, this increase in strength also accompanies an increase in the initial stiffness of the structure, which may consequently attract additional seismically induced lateral inertia forces. This paper is concerned with the estimation of the lateral stiffness contributed by the NSC to the total stiffness of three common forms of tall building structures constructed in Hong Kong. Both dynamic tests and numerical modelling of the buildings have been carried out for this purpose. Natural period estimates from dynamic tests and from analyses using calibrated finite element models were found to be in remarkable agreement. Significant stiffness contributions from NSC to the total lateral stiffness of tall buildings have been observed in the study. The extent of the contributions depends on the structural form and the type of components. Other contributions to the additional stiffness have also been analysed for comparison in the study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于SAP2000的轻钢加层结构的抗震性能分析

采用轻钢结构加层后,结构的整体质量、刚度、周期、阻尼比等均发生了较大的变化,仅对加层部分结构进行计算分析是不安全的,应进行结构的整体分析。本文采用有限元软件SAP2000,结合具体工程对钢筋混凝土框架结构直接采用轻钢结构加层建立了三维有限元模型,对4层、5层、6层钢筋混凝土框架分别加一层、两层轻钢结构的抗震性能进行了模态分析和反应谱分析,得到了该类结构的地震反应特点,为加层结构的抗震设计提供了一些理论参考。     

弱框架-轻钢复合墙体装配式房屋结构体系

借用砌体结构中圈梁-构造柱的概念,提出了一种弱框架-轻钢复合墙体装配式房屋结构体系,对该结构体系的基本组成、连接方式及构造措施进行了详细介绍;总结了该结构体系具有装配化程度高、安全裕度大、抗侧刚度和抗侧承载力高、经济效益好等特点,并对其设计理念以及设计步骤进行了阐述;以某宿舍楼实际工程为例,结合有限元分析软件SAP20...