L360钢在H2S/CO2环境中腐蚀的预测

运用BP人工神经网络技术建立了预测L360钢在H₂S/CO₂环境中腐蚀的模型,神经网络拓扑结构为5-4-1,网络模型训练成功以后,应用它预测L360钢在H₂S/CO₂中的腐蚀速度.结果表明,人工神经网络模型预测的结果与实验数据相当符合,误差在14%以内.由此可见,BP神经网络模型可以作为预测H₂S/CO₂环境致集输管线腐蚀速率的工具.     

油气输送管线顶部CO_2腐蚀预测模型

为预测油气输送管线顶部CO2腐蚀风险,建立了数理模型来预测CO2顶部腐蚀速率。考虑管道顶部CO2腐蚀现象主要包含液滴冷凝过程、液滴内液相化学变化和CO2腐蚀三个主要过程,模型主要分为冷凝率预测,液滴液相化学成分计算和De Waard CO2腐蚀模型三部分。然后利用铁的质量守恒关系将这三部分进行关联,来计算最终顶部腐蚀速率预测值。利用高温高压冷凝反应釜和湿气环路试验结果对模型预测结果进行了验证。     

含硫天然气管线H2S/CO2腐蚀发展规律

在模拟川渝地区天然气管线含H2S/CO2介质环境中进行腐蚀实验研究,分析了X52钢在含H2S/CO2溶液介质中暴露时间对管线钢腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物膜形貌及组成的影响。结果表明,随暴露时间延长,腐蚀产物膜层对基体产生一定保护性,减缓了腐蚀进程。腐蚀产物由马基诺矿型、硫化亚铁和陨硫铁发展成马基诺矿、硫化亚铁、陨硫铁和黄铁矿。     

H2S-CO2分压对高硫高盐油田地面管线腐蚀规律的影响

通过腐蚀模拟试验,研究了H2S-CO2含量对高硫高盐油田地面管线的腐蚀规律。结果表明,随H2S-CO2总压力升高,X52QS和BNS钢的腐蚀速率均降低,X52QS钢腐蚀速率较BNS钢略高,腐蚀机制为H2S控制,腐蚀产物膜以马基诺矿(FeS1-x)为主。     

基于LASSO-WOA-LSSVM的海洋管线外腐蚀速率预测

目的 构建海洋管线外腐蚀速率预测模型,提高海底油气管线外腐蚀速率预测的准确性.方法 建立基于套索(LASSO)回归和鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)腐蚀速率预测模型,采用LASSO回归方法对指标进行筛选,提取海洋管线腐蚀的主要影响因素.应用最小二乘支持向量机算法建立海洋管线外腐蚀速率预测模型,并使用鲸鱼优化算法对模型参数进行优化,避免了参数取值对模型回归性能的影响.以海洋挂片实验为例,通过MATLAB进行模拟仿真,分析验证模型预测结果,并将预测结果与其他模型进行对比分析.结果 LASSO回归算法筛选得到影响腐蚀速率的主要因素为:温度、溶解氧含量、pH值.采用WOA-LSSVM模型所预测的结果与实际值较为吻合,其平均相对误差为2.23％,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.3248,决定系数R2达到0.9708,均优于其他两种模型.结论 基于LASSO回归和鲸鱼优化算法的最小二乘支持向量机预测模型具有更优的泛化能力和预测精度,为海底管道腐蚀研究工作提供了新思路,也为海洋油气输送系统的结构安全与风险防范提供了参考.     

天然气管线钢CO2腐蚀研究进展

天然气管线面临日益严重的CO₂腐蚀问题。针对管线内特定的腐蚀环境,总结了当前CO₂腐蚀在反应机理、影响因素以及腐蚀控制方面的研究进展,最后展望CO₂腐蚀研究今后的发展方向。     

基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测CO_2/H_2S环境中套管钢的腐蚀速率

基于CO_2/H_2S共存腐蚀环境的复杂性、危险性,以及两者协同与竞争效应的不确定等原因,套管钢在CO_2/H_2S共存腐蚀环境中腐蚀速率测试存在试验时间长、误差较大且存在不安全隐患等缺陷,现有的单一腐蚀速率预测模型不能满足这方面的研究。利用建立的遗传算法优化BP神经网络模型分别对不同温度、不同CO_2分压和不同H_2S分压条件下套管钢的腐蚀速率进行预测。与单纯的BP神经网络模型预测相比,遗传算法优化BP神经网络训练收敛速率有所增加,预测效果得到改善;遗传算法优化BP神经网络预测值与实测值吻合较好,此预测模型可靠性很强;该方法为我国高酸性气田开发中快速获取腐蚀速率数值提供了一条新的思路。     

油气开发中的CO2腐蚀

综述了油气开发中的CO2腐蚀特点、机理及预测模型.CO2腐蚀是一种典型的局部 腐蚀，腐蚀产物(FeCO3)或结垢产物(CaCO3)在钢铁表面不同的区域覆盖度不同.不同覆 盖度的区域之间形成了具有很强自催化特性的腐蚀电偶，CO2的局部腐蚀就是这种腐蚀电 偶作用的结果.建立CO2腐蚀速率预测模型对于油井管和集输管线的抗腐蚀设计具有重要 意义.     

天然气井CO2分压对油管腐蚀行为的影响

CO2腐蚀是威胁油气开采过程中井下管柱服役安全的重要因素。本工作采用高温高压腐蚀模拟试验,研究了CO2分压对N80钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在CO2腐蚀较为敏感的80℃时,N80钢腐蚀速率随CO2分压升高而上升,腐蚀类型与腐蚀产物膜形貌随CO2分压增加而变化,在相对低CO2分压下以全面腐蚀为主,高CO2分压下腐蚀类型由全面腐蚀转变为局部腐蚀。腐蚀产物膜的局部损伤是导致金属基体表面局部腐蚀的重要诱因。     

油气田CO2腐蚀典型预测模型的比较及探究

CO2腐蚀速率预测模型的建立对于海油工程设计以及安全生产具有重要的意义.本文综述了油气田中CO2腐蚀速率预测模型,并且针对几种典型的、应用较广的模型进行了对比分析,得出了各个模型的长处和短处,指出了在腐蚀预测应用中应该如何综合利用这些模型以达到最优化设计的目的.最后对于建立符合中国海油工程设计的CO2腐蚀速率预测模型进行了初步的探究.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Al2O3包覆改善P2型Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2正极材料的存储性能

采用超声喷雾热解与高温固相烧结相结合的方法合成P2型Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和电化学充放电设备对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行全面的表征。此外,在Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂表面包覆Al₂O₃薄层,该包覆层可以抑制Na₂CO₃·H₂O的形成,提高Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂材料的存储性能,从而改善其电化学性能。这种简单的表面改性方法为合成高性能钠离子电池正极材料提供了新思路。     

Synthesis and properties of CaCd2Sb2 and EuCd2Sb2

High density polycrystalline CaCd₂Sb₂ and EuCd₂Sb₂ intermetallics are synthesized by Spark Plasma Sintering and their thermoelectric properties are investigated. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal both materials have a structure in space group, containing a small amount of CdSb as a second phase. Thermoelectric measurements indicate both are p-type conductive materials. The figure of merit value of CaCd₂Sb₂ is 0.04 at 600 K and that of EuCd₂Sb₂ is 0.60 at 617 K. Theoretical calculations show that CaCd₂Sb₂ is a degenerate semiconductor with a band gap of 0.63 eV, while EuCd₂Sb₂ is metallic with DOS of 13.02 electrons/eV. For deeper understanding of the better thermoelectric properties of EuCd₂Sb₂, its low temperature magnetic, transport and heat capacity properties are investigated. Its Nèel temperature is 7.22 K, convinced by heat capacity anomaly at 7.13 K. Hall effect convinced that it is a p-type conductive material. It has high Hall coefficient, high carrier concentration and high carrier mobility of +1.426 cm³/C, 4.38 × 10¹⁸/cm³ and 182.40 cm²/Vs, respectively. They are all in the magnitude of good thermoelectric materials. The Eu 4f level around Fermi energy and antiferromagnetic order may count for the better thermoelectric properties of EuCd₂Sb₂ than that of CaCd₂Sb₂.     

Y2O3-BaO-SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3 glass sealant for solid oxide fuel cells

A glass based on Y₂O₃-BaO-SiO₂-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃ (named YBA) has been investigated as sealant for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The YBA glass has been systematically characterized by differential thermal analysis, dilatometer, scanning electron microscopy, impedance analysis, and open circuit voltage to examine their suitability as sealant. The coefficient of thermal expansion of YBA is 11.64 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ between 323 and 873 K. The resistivity is 9.1 × 10⁴ Ω cm at 800 °C. The glass sealant is found to be well adhered with other cell components, such as electrolytes and stainless steels, at an optimum sealing temperature of 800 °C. All measured results showed that the YBA glass appears to be a promising sealant for SOFCs.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Electronic structures and Eu photoluminescence behaviors in Y2Si2O7 and La2Si2O7

The electronic structures and linear optical properties of Y₂Si₂O₇ (YSO) and La₂Si₂O₇ (LSO) are calculated by LDA method based on the theory of DFT. Both YSO and LSO are direct-gap materials with the direct band gap of 5.89 and 6.06 eV, respectively. The calculated total and partial density of states indicate that in both YSO and LSO the valence band (VB) is mainly constructed from O 2p and the conduction band (CB) is mostly formed from Y 4d or La 5d. Both the calculated VB and CB of YSO exhibit relatively wider dispersion than that of LSO. In addition, the CB of YSO presents more electronic states. Meanwhile, the VB of LSO shows narrower energy distribution with higher electronic states density. The theoretical absorption of YSO shows larger bandwidth and higher intensity than that of LSO. The results are compared with the experimental host excitations and impurity photoluminescence in Eu³⁺-doped YSO and LSO.     

Phase equilibria in the system La2O3-BaO-P2O5: The partial system LaPO4-Ba2P2O7-Ba(PO3)2

The LaPO₄-Ba₂P₂O₇-Ba(PO₃)₂ portion of the oxide La₂O₃-BaO-P₂O₅ system has been investigated. Important parts of this investigation were the determination of equilibria in the LaPO₄-Ba(PO₃)₂ subsystem and the addition of liquidus data to the partially known LaPO₄-Ba(PO₃)₂-Ba₂P₂O₇ subsystem. These data were combined with known data from the LaPO₄-Ba₂P₂O₇ subsystem and with measurements of the equilibria within the LaPO₄-Ba₃P₄O₁₃ isopleth to determine the nature of the phase equilibria in the quasi-ternary LaPO₄-Ba₂P₂O₇-Ba(PO₃)₂ system.     

载体中ZrO2/Al2O3比对Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

相比汽油车而言,柴油车具有高效、低油耗的优势已得到广泛应用。本实验以ZrO₂作为改性剂,探究了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比对催化剂的影响。研究结果表明：随着ZrO₂的加入,Pt粒子先减小后增大;Pt粒子与载体的交互作用先增大后减小。活性实验数据分析表明,ZrO₂的最佳添加量为40 wt%,CO和C₃H₆完全氧化温度分别降低20 _oC 、25 _oC。贵金属在催化剂的分散度以及贵金属与载体的相互作用随着ZrO₂与Al₂O₃质量比的变化而变化。Pt粒子越小,其与载体的交互作用越强,这表明催化剂性能越强。