高炉回旋区数学模型研究

回旋区是高炉的重要组成部分，一直是高炉研究中的重点和难点问题。综述了多年来较有影响的高炉回旋区数学模型，指出了数学模型的发展必将复杂化、全面的趋势。     

高炉风口回旋区大小的计算模型的研究

高炉是炼铁生产中的重要设备。高炉风口回旋区的大小及形状决定了高炉煤气的一次分布,反映了焦炭的燃烧状态,直接影响软熔带的形状和位置,高炉风口回旋区的大小的计算模型的应用对高炉生产实践具有重要的意义,为此,总结了国内外关于回旋区大小的计算模型,为实际生产提供一些经验公式。     

Cold Model of Coal Gas Component Concentration Distribution in Blast Furnace Raceway

Primary distribution of coal gas in blast furnace raceway has an important effect on blast furnace ironmak-ing process. The coal gas component concentration distribution was studied experimentally using a three-dimensional cold model. The results showed that CH_4 concentration diminishes along with the height increasing on vertical sec-tion of raceway, and the concentration is the highest in the bottom of raceway. CH_4 concentration increases gradually along the raceway depth with the lowest concentration value in front of the tuyere. The distribution of CH_4 concen-tration has different characteristics in different raceway zones.     

高炉回旋区冷态物理模型研究

以攀钢2 000 m3高炉为原型,采用相似模型实验的方法进行高炉回旋区分析实验研究,得出高炉回旋区特征:风口直径、鼓风量、插入深度、倾斜角度对回旋区深度和高度的影响,为创造最佳化冶炼条件提供理论依据。     

Cold Model Study of Coal Gas Component Concentration Distribution in Blast Furnace Raceway

 Primary distribution of coal gas in blast furnace raceway has an important effect on combustion of coke and pulverized coal injection, as well as whole ironmaking process. According to practical production parameters of No. 5 blast furnace in Chongqing iron &; steel Co. LTD, the theoretical calculation model recommended by Nomura is adopted to determine penetration depth, height and width of raceway. Three-dimensional cold model of blast furnace raceway is established. Coal gas component concentration distribution of vertical section and cross section in blast furnace raceway is simulated using natural gas.     

承钢高炉铁沟沉积物的形成机理研究

针对承钢高炉铁沟粘结严重现象,对铁沟沉积物的形成机理进行了研究.结果表明:形成铁沟沉积物的主要原因是由于钒钛高炉渣的流动性能差,渣中铁滴析出TiC、Ti(C,N)和出铁过程降温综合作用的结果.改善高炉终渣的粘度-温度性能,提高渣、铁分离能力是防治产生铁沟沉积物的有效措施.     

高炉回旋区冷态模型的相位多普勒分析实验

为研究高炉回旋区的主要机理,采用相似和模化理论建立了回旋区的冷态实验模型,搭建了测试冷态模型的实验台。应用三维激光相位多普勒分析仪测量了回旋区湍流场,得到了气体、颗粒的瞬时、时均和均方根速度,并分析了颗粒速度的分布规律。     

高炉风口回旋区冷态实验研究

应用相似与模化原理建立了高炉风口回旋区的冷态实验模型,搭建了冷态模型实验系统,针对回旋区大小及形状进行了实验研究。实验结果表明了回旋区大小的影响因素的主次顺序,以及各影响因素对其的影响规律,为实际高炉鼓风操作的合理控制提供了理论依据。     

高炉风口回旋区特征的研究现状

高炉风口回旋区是高炉内的重要反应区域,回旋区的形成和反应情况,将直接影响着高炉下部煤气的分布、上部炉料的均衡下降以及整个高炉内的传热传质过程,因此,对高炉风口回旋区特征研究对创造最佳化的高炉冶炼条件具有相当重要的意义。     

Radiant Image Simulation of Pulverized Coal Combustion in Blast Furnace Raceway

The numerical si mulation of combustion processhas been performed[1,2],but thereis still no suitabletemperature measuring technique for three-di men-sional analysis[3].Nowadays,the radiant i mage pro-cessing technique has been developed at home and a-broad[4,5].The relation between radiant i mage andpulverized coal combustion process in blast furnaceraceway was studiedin present work withthis meth-od to examine three-di mensional temperature distri-butionin blast furnace raceway.1Radiant Image…     

Gas-Particle Flow and Combustion Characteristics of Pulverized Coal Injection in Blast Furnace Raceway

The two-dimensional steady-state discrete phase mathematical model is developed to analyze gas-particle flow and combustion characteristics of coal particles,as well as components concentration and temperature distribution of coal gas in the process of pulverized coal injection of blast furnace raceway.The results show that a great deal of coal gas discharges on the top of raceway away from the tuyere,and the residence time of coal particles in the region of blowpipe and tuyere is 20 ms or so and 50 ms when it reaches raceway boundary.The pressure is the highest at the bottom of raceway and the maximal temperature is about 2423 K.The char combustion is mainly carried out in the raceway and the maximum of char burn-out rate attains 3×10-4 kg/s.     

Numerical Study of Gas‐Solid Flow in the Raceway of a Blast Furnace

This paper presents a numerical study of gas‐solid flow in a blast furnace raceway using a 2D slot cold model. Numerical experiments are conducted by combining the discrete element method for the solid phase with computational fluid dynamics for the gas phase. The motion of particles caused by lateral gas blasting under conditions similar to that in the blast furnace process is examined at a particle scale. Combustion and associated solids movement around the raceway are simulated by extraction of particles from the bottom of the bed. The effect of bed height or solid pressure is considered by imposing a downward force on the top layers of particles in the bed. It is shown that depending on the gas velocity, the bed can transit from a fixed bed to a fluidized bed or vice versa. Two zones can be identified in such a bed: a stagnant zone in which the particles remain at their initial positions, and a moving zone in which particles can move in various flow patterns. In particular, if the gas velocity is in a certain range, the moving zone is formed just in front of the gas inlet, giving the so‐called raceway in which the particles can circulate. The effects of gas velocity, solid pressure and solid extraction are quantified. The fundamentals governing the gas‐solid flow and the formation mechanisms of a raceway are discussed in terms of particle‐particle and particle‐fluid interaction forces.     

A Mathematical Model of a Blast Furnace Injection Tuyere

One way to further utilise produced gases in an integrated metallurgical plant is to replace oil with gas as a reducing agent in a modern blast furnace. Accordingly, it is of great interest to study the injection of reducing gas into the blast furnace. Therefore, a three‐dimensional mathematical model has been developed which simulates the injection of the gas by lances into the tuyere. The model includes the coupled solution of the flow field and the chemical reaction of the gases in the tuyere. Two different types of fuel gas, coke oven gas (COG) and basic oxygen furnace gas (BOF) have been modelled using one injection lance. The modelling technique is presented and discussed as well as the implied results. Furthermore, process parameters such as different gas compositions etc. are investigated using the developed model. Not surprisingly, the main results show that the COG is combusted more completely than BOF gas, which leads to higher flame temperature of the blast putting demand forward to lower the heat load of the tuyere. However, the modelling of the raceway is as far not included in the model, hence the influence of the outlet boundary condition at the tuyere is not reflected in the presented results.     

A General Viscosity Model for Molten Blast Furnace Slag

Blast furnace slag is the most abundant slag in the steel industry. Its metallurgical properties are determined to a great extent by its viscosity. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reliable viscosity model for blast furnace slag. In the current work, a simple, accurate, and physically meaningful viscosity model for a wide composition range of blast furnace slags is developed based on the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation: log η = A + B/(T ? C). The model is calibrated by a database containing 365 compositions and 1233 measurements of synthetic and industrial slags. The parameter A has a value of ?3.10. The parameters B and C are related to the mass fraction ratio of (CaO + MgO) to (SiO₂ + Al₂O₃) and liquidus temperature of the slag, respectively. Present viscosity model accurately predicts the viscosity of blast furnace slag with relative average error (Δ) of 0.211 (±0.180) and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.239 Pa·s. A slight modification of this model can also predict the glass transition temperature of blast furnace slag satisfactorily.     

抑制高炉回旋区内焦炭粉化的焦炭特性和高炉操作条件

发生在回旋区内的焦炭粉化现象，对高炉操作有很大影响。利用焦炭燃烧实验和从千叶厂5号高炉采集的焦炭，研究了回旋区内焦炭的粉化行为。焦炭燃烧实验证实了死料柱内的焦炭粉化率随着焦炭强度的下降、焦炭CRI降低、火焰温度的降低或鼓风速度的提高而增加，并验证了焦炭特性对回旋区内焦炭粉化的影响。这些结果意味着焦炭的气化反应和破碎导致了回旋区内的焦炭发生粉化。通过焦炭气化反应、机械冲击破坏和高浓度氧的燃烧组成的回旋区焦炭粉化数学模型，说明采用高强度焦炭、高反应性焦炭、高火焰温度或低鼓风速度可以减少回旋区内焦炭的粉化。     

高炉操作参数优化数学模型

采用数学规划论和最优化方法，建立高炉操作参数优化数学模型。通过对某钢厂实际生产数据的统计分析，得到了焦比，焦炭负荷，高炉利用系数等参数的多元线性回归方程，并通过计算标准回归系数确定各因素对目标函数值的影响程度和自变量与因变量的正、负相关性，调整主要参数，使目标函数接近或达到最优值。     

高炉炉缸耐火材料内衬的磨损机理

近年来,为了满足提高高炉利用系数等的需要,高炉炉缸铁水温度有所提高,这就导致了炉缸耐火材料内衬的极度磨损.虽然目前有很多关于炉缸耐火材料及其性能对比试验的报道,但几乎没有关于这些材料的反应机理和进一步变质方面的报道.对比了两种不同碳含量材料实验室实验结果,弄清了炉缸内衬耐火材料的各种反应机理和改善其恶化的措施.根据炉缸内衬的磨损机理,提出一些实际操作措施,以延长高炉寿命.     

回转窑处理高炉瓦斯泥的结圈机理分析

采用回转窑从攀钢高炉瓦斯泥中提取锌,对生产原料、生产操作、结圈物等进行系统分析,并根据其结果分别采用洗窑、机械处理、降铁处理3种方式进行工业试验。结果表明,3种方式均能够在一定程度上有效地缓解回转窑结圈、提高生产效率和降低生产成本。     

Failure Mechanism and Material Requirements for Coal Lance in Blast Furnace

 Abstract： Pulverized coal injection (PCI) is a key technology in modern ironmaking by blast furnace (BF) and the life of injection lance has a great influence on PCI operation and on normal running of blast furnace. It is found that the main reasons for the failure of the lances are their outer surface oxidation and the inner surface erosion through monitoring some lances used in BF. The outer surface oxidation of the lances made of lCr18Ni9Ti is inevitable under high hot blast temperature condition through thermodynamics analysis. A mathematical model for calculating the temperature of common monocular coal lance had been developed according to the principles of mass and energy balance. Increasing temperature and flow velocity of the hot blast would cause a rise in the lance temperature. The influence of hot blast temperature is more obvious. The lance temperature would decline when compressed air flux increases. Conveying technology of dense phase pulverized coal is beneficial to extending lance′s life because decreasing solid-gas ratio would intensify erosion and burning loss. The anti-oxidation temperature of lance materials needs to be over 1000 ℃ for BF intensified smelting. In order to increase the resistance to oxidation of the coal lance′s outer surface, oxidation-resistant steel or Al coating stainless steel is the appropriate material for BF use. Employing the metal surface treatment technology to enhance the hardness of the coal lance′s internal surface could prolong the service life of coal lance.