化肥厂重油气化工序流程模拟

运用HYSIM化工过程模拟系统对中型氮肥厂重油气化工序进行了流程模拟，通过气化炉模拟计算的混合模型，对气化炉进行了过程模拟。分析了模拟计算结果，对计算值与实测值进行了比较，结果表明，实测值与计算值吻合较好。对重油气化工序进行了优化，得到各主要工艺参数对气化炉操作的最适宜条件。     

用DCS顺控实现电除尘自动控制

介绍一种对电除尘工序进行远程自动控制的方法。使用DCS顺序控制图，通过模块组态和内部编程，实现多台设备的自动控制，优化工艺过程，提高该工序的自动化水平。     

应用均匀网格法优选橡胶配方

将均匀设计和传统网格法相结合，提出一种新的配方优选方法———均匀网格法。借助均匀设计表，在均匀网格法的基础上选择优化计算点，用工作过程模拟计算程序计算选定点的胶料物理性能值，再经过可行性筛选后进行橡胶配方优选。ＩＲ配方设计实例表明，应用该优化方法可得到满意的配方。     

双指标优化提取地榆中黄酮工艺

分别采用总黄酮提取率和抑菌活性作为考察指标,用正交设计法优化地榆总黄酮的提取工艺条件。结果表明两种指标所得的优化工艺条件基本相同,地榆中总黄酮的适宜提取工艺为〔V（乙醇,φ=75%）/m（药材）〕=7.5（mL/g）,加热提取3次,每次2.0 h,在此条件下地榆黄酮提取率可以达到10.25%。用两种指标优化提取工艺条件,兼顾了地榆中有效成分的提取效率和活性,使工艺条件更加合理。     

低温甲醇洗冷量不平衡的分析及优化

文章介绍了低温甲醇洗的工艺原理和流程,对低温甲醇洗系统的冷量来源与损耗进行说明,并简要介绍了平衡冷量的方法。针对装置运行中出现的冷量不平衡问题并且导致净化气不合格以及冰机超负荷问题进行了深入分析,并对现有工艺进行优化达到冷量的充分利用。     

Challenging activated monomer ring-opening polymerization for direct synthesis of thiol end-functionalized polyesters

A direct, non-enzymatic procedure for the synthesis of thiol-functionalized polylactones was developed and optimized by using 2-mercaptoethanol, the simplest unprotected thiol-containing initiator for cationic ring-opening polymerization, catalyzed by HCl and methanesulfonic acid in dichloromethane solutions. Thiol-functionalized polylactones with a molecular weight of up to approximately 5000 Da were obtained in a controlled manner. It was observed that acid can play the dual role of activator and initiator, and for the first time, it was shown that abundant HCl and/or ambient temperature lead to the formation of undesired α-carboxy-ω-chloro-functionalized polylactones that form in parallel with the targeted thiol-functionalized ones. A plausible pathway towards the formation of chlorinated products is proposed based on an active-chain-end mechanism, and the procedure was optimized to eliminate its contribution to the polymerization process, thus allowing for the activated-monomer mechanism to prevail. Molecular weight characterization was performed using ¹H NMR and size-exclusion chromatography. The results indicate that the polymers obtained under optimized conditions possess high SH functionality and moderate polydispersity, and that ring-opening polymerization proceeded in a controlled fashion. The proposed method allows for the preparation of metal free materials readily suitable for biomedical and/or electronic applications.     

煤制天然气甲烷化装置开车时间分析及优化

甲烷化作为煤制天然气装置最终产品合成工序,其开车时间的长短直接影响到全系统开车的经济性。结合国内第1个煤制天然气项目投料试车、大负荷试验等多次开车经验,从开车步序、流程设置、人员组织等多方面对开车时间进行了分析,根据分析结果对甲烷化装置的开车系统流程提出了优化方案,以提高系统开车的经济性。     

Al2O3-C质整体塞棒在浇铸钙处理钢中的应用

分析了Al2O3-C质整体塞棒在钙处理钢浇铸过程中的侵蚀机制和其他一些重要影响因素,针对Al2O3-C质整体塞棒的特性,从炼钢的工艺改进、设备保障、优化过程控制和耐火材料材质优化等方面采取了相应措施,并提出了改进意见,使Al2O3-C质整体塞棒在钙处理钢的使用寿命不断提升,达到了比较满意的效果。     

A simple thermal CVD method for carbon nanotube synthesis on stainless steel 304 without the addition of an external catalyst

A method is described to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by thermal chemical vapour deposition (th-CVD) directly on stainless steel substrates of various geometries. This method allows the bulk metal surface to act as both the catalyst and support for the CNT growth, thus enhancing the contact and adherence of the tubes to the substrate and eliminating the requirement of adding an additional catalyst in the process. The procedure was optimized to obtain a uniform layer of CNTs on the substrate.     

以N-甲酰肼缩丁酮为原料合成比阿培南侧链

本文以水合肼1为原料,经甲酸乙酯甲酰化,得单甲酰肼2。化合物2与丁酮缩合得到关键中间体甲酰肼缩丁酮3,化合物2在碱性条件下与溴丙烯反应,得到化合物4。化合物4在甲酸中去保护得双甲酰物5,化合物5与液溴加成、环合、硫代醋酸钾置换、醇解、氧化、水解、环合、还原制得比阿培南侧链。此方法原料易得、反应条件温和、中间体易分离、成本低,易于工业化生产。     

A similarity criterion of the optimal process in melt spinning

Experimental and simulation studies of optimization of the melt spinning process were carried out for nylon 6 fibers. The experiment and process simulation demonstrated that one criterion that can be applied in scaling up an optimized melt spinning process is to achieve the similar real time history of temperature and deformation rate in the spinway. Some aspects of the experiments and process simulation are discussed, together with the results of real time history analysis for a case of nylon 6 spinning.     

基于T-H图的全过程能量利用系统逐步优化综合策略

针对大规模复杂过程的能量利用提出了基于T-H图的逐步优化的综合策略。该策略以系统冷、热物流的T-H图为基础,分析系统能量集成的瓶颈和不合理的换热过程,指导系统引入热机、热泵,或进行工艺改进,从而增加或改变冷热物流,使T-H图发生改变。如此重复,通过多次改进,逐步调整冷、热物流在T-H图上的相对位置,构造出两条近似平行的冷、热物流曲线,使系统能量得到梯次合理的利用,从而达到最大限度降低系统公用工程消耗量的目的。该策略综合考虑了能量利用、转换环节的改进以及公用工程和工艺过程的有机结合,能够实现全过程能量利用的综合优化。应用这种策略,对甲醇制烯烃的能量利用系统进行了优化设计,结果表明所提策略是有效且简便易行的。     

An experimental approach towards increasing mechanical durability of extruded fish feed in the drying process

Mechanical durability of extruded fish feed must be optimized to lower economic losses as well as emission of organic matter to aquatic environments. The glass transition hypothesis for viscoelastic biopolymers is demonstrated and confirmed experimentally to be valid for extruded fish feed pellets. It is proposed and demonstrated that it is important to avoid early glass transition onset, to optimize the obtained mechanical durability. From the proposed glass transition hypothesis, immediate process relevance to the pre-drying transport mechanism is demonstrated. Furthermore, measured mechanical durability is found to range from 1.5 to 5.0% loss, for different combinations of drying parameters.     

Synthesis of ternary distillation process structures featuring minimum utility cost using the IDEAS approach

A synthesis method for ternary distillation process structures is proposed on the basis of the infinite‐dimensional state‐space (IDEAS) approach. The proposed synthesis procedure consists of two steps. At the first step, the utility cost is minimized. The result of the first step contains many tiny flows among the modules because the number of flows is not included in the objective function. Then, at the second step, an evolutionary procedure for process simplification is executed. In this step, the weighted sum of flow rates is minimized recursively while updating the weights at each iteration. The practical process structure is finally determined from the result of the second simplification step. The developed synthesis procedure was applied to the separation problem of a ternary mixture consisting of benzene, toluene, and o‐xylene. It demonstrated that the proposed procedure provides a process whose liquid composition profile is quite similar to that of a Petlyuk column. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1285–1294, 2018     

浮法工艺玻璃带成形过程的模拟分析

建立了浮法工艺玻璃成形过程的玻璃带三维(3D)与Thin-Film模型,采用Ansys Polyflow软件对600 t/d锡槽内玻璃带成形过程进行了模拟研究,与3D模拟结果对比表明,Thin-Film模型可准确、高效地模拟玻璃带成形过程.根据玻璃带成形过程模拟结果,讨论了锡槽不同区域内玻璃带的成形状态,进一步模拟分析...     

Process synthesis using block superstructure with automated flowsheet generation and optimization

An alternative method for chemical process synthesis using a block‐based superstructure representation is proposed. The block‐based superstructure is a collection of blocks arranged in a two‐dimensional grid. The assignment of different equipment on blocks and the determination of their connectivity are performed using a mixed‐integer nonlinear formulation for automated flowsheet generation and optimization‐based process synthesis. Based on the special structure of the block representation, an efficient strategy is proposed to generate and successively refine feasible and optimized process flowsheets. Our approach is demonstrated using two process synthesis case studies adapted from the literature and one new process synthesis problem for methanol production from biogas © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3082–3100, 2018     

液相合成甲醇催化剂活性的研究

The effects of reduction procedure, reaction temperature and composition of feed gas on the activity of a CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst for liquid phase methanol synthesis were studied. An optimized procedure different from conventional ones was developed to obtain higher activity and better stability of the catalyst. Both CO and CO2 in the feed gas were found to be necessary to maintain the activity of catalyst in the synthesis process. Reaction temperature was limited up to 523K, otherwise the catalyst will be deactivated rapidly. Experimental results show that the catalyst deactivation is caused by sintering and fouling, and the effects of CO and CO2 on the catalyst activity are also investigated. The experimental results indicate that the formation of water in the methanol synthesis is negligible when the feed gas contains both CO and CO2. The mechanism for liquid-phase methanol synthesis was discussed and it differed slightly from that for gas-phase synthesis.     

变换工序的技术改造及优化操作

以实现甲醇变换工序长周期稳定运行为目的,对该工序工艺冷凝液管道振动大、工艺冷凝液泵机械密封频繁损坏、煤气过滤器压差增大的原因进行分析,通过对工艺冷凝液管线、泵的密封水系统的改造,过滤剂的更换,气化碳洗塔系统的优化操作,解决了制约该工序长周期稳定运行的根本原因,达到了预期效果。     

Thermodynamic Reassessment of ZrO2–CaO System

In this work, several thermodynamic assessments adopted widely for ZrO₂–CaO system are reviewed and examined, the existing discrepancies are summarized, and a new assessment is carried out based on the formation enthalpy of two compounds (CaZr₄O₉ and Ca₆Zr₁₉O₄₄) and experimental activity data concerning cubic solid solution. The thermodynamic parameters of all phases have been optimized by the least squares minimization procedure, a self consistent set of the optimized Gibbs energy parameters has been derived, which can be safely used to extrapolate into the multicomponent system. Compared with experimental data and the results in this work as well as the results reported previously, it is demonstrated that the present thermodynamic assessment is in better agreement with most of the experiments.     

Energy-efficient recovery of tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate by triple-column extractive distillation:entrainer design and process optimization

An energy-efficient triple-column extractive distillation process is developed for recovering tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate from industrial effluent.The process development follows a rigorous hierarchical design procedure that involves entrainer design,thermodynamic analysis,process design and optimization,and heat integration.The computer-aided molecular design method is firstly used to find promising entrainer candidates and the best one is determined via rigorous thermodynamic analysis.Subsequently,the direct and indirect triple-column extractive distillation processes are proposed in the conceptual design step.These two extractive distillation processes are then optimized by employing an improved genetic algorithm.Finally,heat integration is performed to further reduce the process energy consumption.The results indicate that the indirect extractive distillation process with heat integration shows the highest performance in terms of the process economics.