定向碳纳米管薄膜的制备研究

采用化学气相沉积法制备了定向碳纳米管薄膜,研究了向反应室载入水、氨水对定向碳纳米管薄膜的影响,并用SEM、TEM、XRD对碳纳米管进行了表征。结果表明：向反应室载入水的量增大,定向碳纳米管的长度先增加后减小。载入水的氩气流量为400ml／min,定向碳纳米管的长度1750μm;向反应室载入氨水,得到疏密相间排列的定向碳纳米管薄膜,氨水量增加,定向碳纳米管薄膜的厚度减小。     

化学气相沉积法制备大面积定向碳纳米管

以二茂铁、二甲苯、氩气分别为催化剂先驱体、碳源、载气,直径100mm的刚玉管为反应室,石英玻璃为基底,催化热解制备定向碳纳米管.在50 min内,获得长600μm的定向碳纳米管阵列.SEM和TEM研究表明:二茂铁的二甲苯溶液导入反应室的入口温度控制在大约300℃时,能得到定向碳纳米管阵列;当载气流量从500ml/min增加到2000ml/min时,CNTs生长速度加快,长度增加;间歇地滴入二茂铁和二甲苯混合物,可能得到多层碳纳米管薄膜.     

无基底阵列式碳纳米管膜

介绍了一种廉价、简单易行的将阵列式排列的碳纳米管从石英基底上完整地剥离下来,从而得到无基底阵列式碳纳米管膜的方法。比较了生长基底对膜转移的影响。结果表明用抛光石英玻璃生长的阵列式碳纳米管膜转移到Al基底上的转移效率为80％,而普通石英玻璃上生长的碳纳米管膜转移到Al基底上的转移率为20％。去除基底后阵列式碳纳米管的电阻值表现出各向异性。     

碳纳米管及碳纳米管纤维的性能与应用

碳纳米管是由单层或多层石墨片卷曲而成的无缝纳米级管状壳层结构。扼要介绍了碳纳米管、碳纳米管纤维的合成方法及近几年来国内外制备的各种碳纳米管产品。碳纳米管、碳纳米管纤维由于其优良的力学、电学特性可以制成气体吸附体、生物模板、传动装置、增强复合体、催化剂载体、探测器、传感器、纳米反应器等产品，在航空、能源、医药、化学等技术领域广泛应用。     

碳纳米管/金属接触改善方法的研究进展

碳纳米管(CNT)由于其独特结构和优异特性已被广泛用来构筑各种纳米器件. 而CNT与电极间的接触在CNT器件中扮演着重要的作用, 是器件性能的关键影响因素. 采用何种有效的方法来改善CNT与金属电极间的接触一直是CNT器件研究中的一个重要方面. 本文综述了近年来CNT/金属接触改善方法的研究进展, 结合本课题组的研究对目前有代表性的接触改善方法进行介绍. 阐述了各种改善方法的原理和加工工艺, 讨论了采用这些方法获得的接触特性和器件性能, 并对各方法的特点进行了比较.     

碳纳米管纤维的多功能特性及其驱动应用

碳纳米管纤维作为一种新型纤维材料,具有传统纤维不具备的独特的组装结构特性,并因丰富的界面结构带来了诸多功能特性,使其在能源、电子、驱动等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。综述了碳纳米管组装结构特性和丰富的界面在多功能特性中的重要作用以及碳纳米管纤维在智能驱动应用中的研究进展,最后对未来新型结构功能一体化纤维材料的探索进行了展望。     

Single Carbon Fibers with a Macroscopic‐Thickness, 3D Highly Porous Carbon Nanotube Coating

Carbon fiber (CF) grafted with a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) plays an important role in composite materials and other fields; to date, the applications of CNTs@CF multiscale fibers are severely hindered by the limited amount of CNTs grafted on individual CFs and the weak interfacial binding force. Here, monolithic CNTs@CF fibers consisting of a 3D highly porous CNT sponge layer with macroscopic‐thickness (up to several millimeters), which is directly grown on a single CF, are fabricated. Mechanical tests reveal high sponge–CF interfacial strength owing to the presence of a thin transitional layer, which completely inhibits the CF slippage from the matrix upon fracture in CNTs@CF fiber–epoxy composites. The porous conductive CNTs@CF hybrid fibers also act as a template for introducing active materials (pseudopolymers and oxides), and a solid‐state fiber‐shaped supercapacitor and a fiber‐type lithium‐ion battery with high performances are demonstrated. These CNTs@CF fibers with macroscopic CNT layer thickness have many potential applications in areas such as hierarchically reinforced composites and flexible energy‐storage textiles.     

纳米碳管/活性炭复合电极苦咸水淡化的研究

通过对活性炭的N2吸附发现:活性炭具有高的比表面积和大的孔容,适合用于脱盐,但是其存在能耗大并且强度低等缺点.而纳米碳管是一种低电阻率,高强度的新型材料,采用活性炭复合纳米碳管,可以结合两者的优点,开发出一种低能耗、高脱盐率的复合电极.对各种复合比例的复合电极脱盐和能耗的测试发现:当纳米碳管的质量比占电极的10%时,脱盐量、能耗和强度达到最佳工艺,并且将该复合电极片数增大的测试发现:该电极脱盐效果好,在循环周期的大部分时间内以脱盐为主,脱盐率超过95 %.     

Broad Microwave Dielectric Property of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Composites

Microwave dielectric measurements over the broad bandwith of 10 MHz to 20 GHz were conducted on composites comprising bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT） embedded in an epoxy matrix, in comparison to the nano-graphite and MWNT. It is found that both relative real and imaginary permittivity of the nanocomposites are strong functions of the SWNT concentration, showing large, wide dielectric and electrical response. Distinct resonance around 1.5 GHz is observed at high SWNT concentrations, accompa- nied by the downshift of the resonance frequency with increasing concentration. Largely, the SWNT-epoxy composites share the behavior of the MWNT owing to structural similarity, much more effective than the nano-graphite. The remarkable, broadband dielectric and electrical properties of the nanotubes acquired in the work originate from their unique seamless graphene architectures, modeled by two major contributions, dielectric relaxation/resonance and electronic conduction, which is substantiated by the agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental results. The carbon nanotube composites are prospective for microwave applications and offer experimental evidence for fundamental studies in low-dimensional systems.     

Increasing the Tensile Property of Unidirectional Carbon/Carbon Composites by Grafting Carbon Nanotubes onto Carbon Fibers by Electrophoretic Deposition

Although in-situ growing carbon nanotubes(CNTs) on carbon fibers could greatly increase the matrix-dominated mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites(C/Cs),it always decreased the tensile strength of carbon fibers.In this work,CNTs were introduced into unidirectional carbon fiber(CF) preforms by electrophoretic deposition(EPD) and they were used to reinforce C/Cs.Effects of the content of CNTs introduced by EPD on tensile property of unidirectional C/Cs were investigated.Results demonstrated that EPD could be used as a simple and efficient method to fabricate carbon nanotube reinforced C/Cs(CNT—C/Cs) with excellent tensile strength,which pays a meaningful way to maximize the global performance of CNT—C/Cs.