Mg-Al4C3中间合金在AZ91D镁合金中的细化效果及机理

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段研究粉末原位合成法制备的Mg-50%Al4C3中间合金对AZ91D镁合金显微组织的细化效果.结果表明:中间合金的加入可显著细化AZ91D镁合金的α-Mg晶粒.当Al4C3的含量为1.0%时,α-Mg晶粒的尺寸由基体合金的142.9 μm降至63.2 μm,降低幅度约为56%,且共晶组织形貌发生明显改变,由完全离异的骨骼状β共晶组织和共生生长层片状α+β共晶组织转变为蜂窝状的α+β部分离异共晶组织,同时β相的尺寸变小、分布更趋弥散.通过能谱分析、面错配度计算及差热分析,证实Al4C3可成为初生α-Mg晶粒的良好异质核心.此外,显微组织的细化导致合金力学性能的提高.     

Al4C3对AZ91D镁合金铸态显微组织与性能的影响

借助SEM、EDS、XRD、DTA研究Al4C3对AZ91D镁合金铸态显微组织与性能的影响.结果表明,少量Al4C3对合金铸态组织具有明显的细化作用,而且共晶组织形貌发生明显改变,由完全离异的骨骼状β相共晶组织和共生生长的层片状共晶组织α+β转变为蜂窝状的部分离异共晶组织α+β,同时β相的尺寸变小、分布更趋弥散.通过能谱分析、差热分析以及错配度的计算,证实Al4C3可成为初生α-Mg的良好异质核心.显微组织的细化使强度性能明显提高,延伸率的提高幅度有限,耐腐蚀性能改善.     

微观组织对AZ系铸造镁合金的腐蚀行为影响研究

耐腐蚀性能的提升有助于轻量化镁合金材料的进一步广泛应用。本文以AZ41和AZ91两种铸造镁合金为研究对象，采用XRD、OM、SEM、EPMA等手段表征分析微观组织，利用EIS测试了两种Mg-Al-Zn合金在0.1 M的Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性能，结合宏微观腐蚀形貌探讨了微观组织对腐蚀行为的影响机制。研究结果表明，与AZ41合金相比，浸泡初期AZ91合金表面的氧化膜相对完整且化学稳定性更高，在腐蚀初期起到保护作用，AZ91合金浸泡初期的耐蚀性能优于AZ41合金；随浸泡时间延长，AZ41合金中连续网状的过饱和α-Mg+β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂共晶组织阻碍合金的腐蚀扩展；而AZ91合金中不连通的离异共晶β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相与α-Mg基体耦合，造成明显的局部腐蚀现象。     

Al4C3和Ce对AZ91D镁合金铸态显微组织和性能的影响

借助SEM、EDS、XRD、DTA等研究了AbC3和Ce加入对AZ91D镁合金铸态组织和性能的影响。结果表明：加入0．6％Al4C3能显著细化合金晶粒,使粗大骨骼状β相和层片状α＋β共晶组织转变为蜂窝状的部分离异共晶组织,同时β相的尺寸变小、分布较均匀。在此基础上,复合添加0．2％Ce后细化效果更好,β相分布更趋均匀且含量减少。此外,组织中有少量针状化合物Al4Ce形成。通过错配度计算、能谱分析以及差热分析,证实了Al4C3可成为初生α-Mg的良好异质核心。显微组织的细化有利于合金强度性能及耐腐蚀性能的明显提高。     

β相对Mg-Al系镁合金板材耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究β相对Mg-Al系镁合金板材腐蚀性能的影响,通过析氢试验和电化学阻抗谱等测试方法,研究了AZ31B,AZ91D1和AZ91D2三种镁合金轧制态板材的腐蚀性能。结果表明,在w(Na Cl)=3.5%的Na Cl溶液中,三种镁合金的耐腐蚀性能为:AZ91D2镁合金耐腐蚀性能最好,AZ91D1镁合金的其次,AZ31B镁合金耐腐蚀性能较差。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等方法测量了试样表面腐蚀产物的形貌,发现AZ31B和AZ91D2镁合金出现点状腐蚀,而AZ91D1镁合金则出现丝状腐蚀。在AZ31B镁合金中,β相含量非常少,并且比较粗大,在腐蚀过程中对合金的耐腐蚀性能起降低作用,而AZ91D1和AZ91D2镁合金中第二相含量较多,降低了合金的自腐蚀性能,AZ91D2镁合金中第二相颗粒比AZ91D1镁合金的更细小,并且含量也较多,因此其耐腐蚀性能最好。     

快速凝固及Si元素对Mg-Al合金组织与腐蚀性能的影响

采用磁悬浮熔炼真空吸铸法制备了快速凝固态AZ91D合金,采用常规铸造法制备了普通铁模铸型浇注的不同成分的Mg-Al合金。通过OM、SEM、EDS及XRD等现代检测方法,分析了不同凝固条件下Mg-Al合金的组织形貌、相组成和腐蚀形貌,研究了冷却速度和元素微合金化对Mg-Al合金组织及腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:磁悬浮真空吸铸快速凝固AZ91D合金的α-Mg枝晶明显细化,尺寸由200μm降到20μm左右。β-Mg17Al12相则沿晶界形成连续网状。添加微量Si元素,α-Mg枝晶尺寸略有下降,晶内出现汉字状的Mg2Si相,促进β相的网状化。加快冷却速率,增加Al含量,添加微量Si元素均能提高合金的耐蚀性能。铜模吸铸AZ91D合金的自腐蚀电位Ecorr比铸铁模铸AZ91D合金正移0.375V,自腐蚀电流降低了1个数量级。Mg12Al-0.7Si合金的Ecorr比Mg12Al合金的正移0.526V,自腐蚀电流密度比Mg12Al合金降低1个数量级,比AZ91D合金降低2个数量级。     

SiC及Cu-SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的制备及性能

利用化学镀法制备了Cu包覆SiCp,研究了SiCp及Cu-SiCp增强镁基复合材料(SiCp/AZ91D和Cu-SiCp/AZ91D)的性能。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪及UTM4304电子万能试验机分析测试了镁基复合材料的组织结构,相组成及力学性能。结果表明,SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料主要由α-Mg和Mg2Si相组成,SiC镀Cu后能够进一步细化晶粒,同时在Mg2Si相周边出现层片状的α+β相。SiCp/AZ91D和Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的力学性能显著高于AZ91D基体合金,Cu-SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的的抗拉强度达195.7 MPa。室温拉伸时,AZ91D合金表现为典型的脆性断裂特征,而SiCp/AZ91D和Cu-SiC/AZ91D复合材料表现为韧性断裂及部分准解理断裂。     

冷却速度对离心铸造AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同冷却速度对离心铸造AZ91镁合金凝固组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明:离心铸造AZ91镁合金在保温冷却条件下,细化晶粒的同时,只析出少量的β(Mg_(12)Al_(17))相,倾向于定向凝固,第二相分布均匀,其第二相由一次β相和少量晶内二次β相组成;无保温冷却条件下,晶粒细化程度更大,其β相的析出量明显增多,倾向于体积凝固,主要由二次β相组成。且随着冷速增大,一次β相由两相分离的短棒状完全离异共晶组织,向粗大连续"蜂窝"状的部分离异共晶转变。在同一离心压力下,随着冷却速度的提高,抗压强度提升,最大塑性下降。     

钇对Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中Mg2Si相变质的影响

研究了不同含量的钇对Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中Mg2Si相形貌的影响.结果表明:Y对Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中共晶Mg2Si有明显的细化变质效果,合金液经0.8％Y变质后,共晶Mg2Si相由粗大的树枝状或汉字状转变为颗粒状.在1.2％添加范围内,随Y加入量的增加,对共晶Mg2Si相的细化变质效果增强,未出现过变质现象.固溶处理能使Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中枝状或汉字状Mg2Si发生部分溶解,并依靠原子扩散自发粒状化,Y的细化变质能促进Mg2Si相固溶处理时的粒状化.     

Ce对AZ31镁合金中离异共晶β相的影响

研究了凝固过程中的冷却速度和稀土Ce加入量对AZ31合金凝固组织中离异共晶β相的生长方式、形貌、特征和数量的影响.结果表明,Ce的加入改变了合金的组织形貌,当加入量增至0.6%时,离异共晶β相从厚壁近乎连续的网状转变成不连续短棒状或粒状分布;组织中离异共晶β相的总量随冷却速度的减小而减少;物相分析发现有Mg-Al-Zn-Ce化合物生成.     

AZ91D熔体中原位合成TiC颗粒及冲刷腐蚀性能

利用原位合成反应法,在不同温度(740、760和780℃)下对AZ91D镁合金熔体保温40min,制备了TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料。借助光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪,对TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的组织形貌和物相进行观察和分析,并对制备的复合材料在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液+石英砂条件下进行冲刷腐蚀磨损试验。结果表明,在740℃保温40min制备的复合材料主要由α-Mg、β-Mg17Al12和Al3Ti组成。保温温度分别为760℃和780℃时,AZ91D镁合金中均出现了原位合成的TiC颗粒,并且随温度升高,TiC的数量增加。此外,TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料在3.5%的NaCl溶液+石英砂中的冲刷腐蚀磨损性能随保温温度的升高而增加。经780℃保温40min后的复合材料呈出最好的耐冲刷腐蚀磨损性能,相比于AZ91D镁合金提高了60.5%。     

Comparison of corrosion behaviors of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 magnesium alloys

The corrosion behaviours of four kinds of rolled magnesium alloys of AZ31, AZ91, AM60 and ZK60 were studied in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The results of EIS and potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion resistance of the four materials is ranked as ZK60＞AM60＞AZ31＞AZ91. The corrosion processes of the four magnesium alloys were also analyzed by SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results show that the corrosion patterns of the four alloys are localized corrosion and the galvanic couples formed by the second phase particles and the matrix are the main source of the localized corrosion of magnesium alloys. The corrosion resistance of the different magnesium alloys has direct relationship with the concentration of alloying elements and microstructure of magnesium alloys. The ratio of the β phase in AZ91 is higher than that in AZ31 and the β phase can form micro-galvanic cell with the alloy matrix, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 will be higher than AZ91. The manganese element in AM60 magnesium alloy can form the second phase particle of AlMnFe, which can reduce the Fe content in magnesium alloy matrix, purifying the microstructure of alloy, as a result, the corrosion resistance of AM60 is improved. However, due to the more noble galvanic couples of AlMnFe and matrix, the microscopic corrosion morphology of AM60 is more localized. The zirconium element in ZK60 magnesium alloy can refine grain, form stable compounds with Fe and Si, and purify the composition of alloy, which results in the good corrosion resistance of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

激光表面强化对镁合金在模拟体液中腐蚀行为的影响

目的通过对镁合金表面进行激光强化处理,改善医用AZ91D镁合金在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能。方法采用不同脉宽的Nd:YAG脉冲激光对医用AZ91D镁合金表面进行处理,激光能量密度分别为28、23、18 J/mm~2,对激光处理后镁合金强化层的组成、显微结构、厚度、元素分布以及耐腐蚀性能等进行测试和分析。结果 AZ91D经过激光强化处理后形成致密的强化层,强化层中相的组成与基材相的组成相同,均由α-Mg和β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)组成,强化层的厚度达到300μm。Mg和Mg_(17)Al_(12)的X射线衍射峰均向低角度偏移(约0.2°),且镁合金表面晶粒均得到细化,β相的大小从平均55.705μm减小到平均6.447μm。EDS分析表明,经过激光处理后,Mg的质量分数由82.88%减少为70.13%,Al的质量分数由16.28%增加为28.08%,且Al的分布更均匀。激光处理后,镁合金在模拟体液中的电化学测试结果表明,镁合金的腐蚀电位从原来的-1274mV增加到-1215 mV,腐蚀电流密度从8.920×10~(-5) A/cm~2减小为8.826×10~(-6) A/cm~2,同时,阻抗也从原来的1000Ω增加到60 000Ω,可知激光强化镁合金的耐腐蚀性能较原始镁合金的耐腐蚀性能均有一定程度的改善。结论医用AZ91D镁合金在不同脉宽的Nd:YAG脉冲激光处理后,表面晶粒得到了细化,强化层中富集Al,在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能得到改善。     

Influence of rare earth element Ce and La addition on corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy

Two types of AZ91 magnesium alloys containing rare earth element Ce or La were fabricated. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior of new AZRE (RE = Ce or La) and AZ91 alloys in 3.5% NaCl solutions (pH 6.50). Various corrosion rate tests indicated that addition of RE obviously enhanced corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The optimal content of RE was 0.92% for Ce and 0.66% for La. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and low‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the effect of RE addition on microstructure and corrosion product film of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The refined β phase and formation of γ phase in AZRE alloy were observed by SEM, which resulted in the improvement of corrosion resistance due to the depression of microgalvanic couples. Moreover, the enhanced protective effectiveness of corrosion products was another reason for the improved corrosion resistance.     

触变成型镁合金铸件热处理显微组织的演变

通过金相显微镜、SEM及XRD等观察手段研究了触变成型AZ91D镁合金铸件固溶、时效处理时显微组织的演变。结果表明:触变成型AZ91D镁合金在415℃时固溶处理时β相溶解入α-Mg固溶体的速度比高压压铸的快。在固溶处理初期,铝元素从β相扩散至块状初生α-Mg相,导致块状初生α-Mg晶粒周围形成富铝晕圈。时效处理时,触变成型铸件在5h左右硬度达到峰值,高压压铸铸件在12h左右达到峰值。触变成型铸件时效析出方式存在片层状不连续析出和针状连续析出两种。     

Effects of SiCp on microstructures of semi-solid extruded AZ91D magnesium alloys in recrystallization process

AZ91D and 8.5vol.% SiC_p/AZ91D magnesium matrix composites were fabricated by a semi-solid extruded processing method,and treated with solution and aging heat treatment.The effects of SiC_p on the microstructures of the semi-solid extruded AZ91D magnesium alloy during recrystallization were studied by observing and analyzing the microstructure evolution during extrusions and heat treatments.The results show that the addition of SiC_p inhibits the dynamic recrystallization of AZ91D during the semi-solid extrusion with only 26% of the volume fraction of recrystallization.Furthermore,the addition of SiC_p refines the sizes of grains and second phases,and upgrades the volume fraction of second phase.After solution and aging treatment,the recrystallization continues,and the addition of SiC_p promotes the recrystallization and the recrystallized microstructure is much more stable.Meanwhile,the sizes of grains and second phases continue to be refined,and the volume fraction of second phases continues to increase.     

TiC/AZ91D composites fabricated by in situ reactive infiltration process and its tensile deformation

1 Introduction Relative to aluminum matrix composites, magnesium-matrix composites are receiving interests increasingly in recent years due to their low densities and high specific properties. They are potentially attractive for the applications in aeros…     

20% Al2O3-SiO2(sf)/AZ91D镁基复合材料微弧氧化陶瓷层电化学腐蚀性能

在磷酸盐体系电解液中,对20%(体积分数)硅酸铝短纤维(Al2O3-SiO2)增强AZ91D镁基复合材料进行微弧氧化表面处理获得陶瓷层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析陶瓷层的表面形貌、截面组织和相组成,采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试评价微弧氧化陶瓷层的电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明,该陶瓷层主要由MgO和MgAl2O4相组成。陶瓷层的腐蚀电流密度比镁基复合材料基体低3个数量级,电化学阻抗大幅升高,耐腐蚀性能明显高于复合材料基体     

Influence of substrate composition on the formation of phytic acid conversion coatings

In this paper, the formation and corrosion resistance of the phytic acid conversion coatings on Mg, Al, and AZ91D magnesium alloy were contrastively investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electronic probe microscopic analyzer (EPMA), electronic balance, and electrochemical methods. The influence of phytic acid conversion coating as a middle layer on the properties of the paint on magnesium alloys was also investigated. The results show that the formation process of the conversion coatings is evidently influenced by the compositions of the substrate. The coating on pure aluminum is thinner and compacter than that on pure magnesium and the coating formed on α phase in AZ91D magnesium alloy is thinner but denser than that on β phase. The phytic acid conversion coatings formed on Mg, Al, and AZ91D magnesium alloy can all increase their corrosion resistance. The active functional groups of hydroxyl and phosphate radical are rich in the conversion coatings, which can improve the bonding between the organic paint and magnesium alloy and then improve their corrosion resistance.     

Wear and corrosion properties of laser cladded Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8/SiC amorphous composite coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

To improve the wear and corrosion properties of AZ91D magnesium alloys, Cu-based amorphous composite coatings were fabricated on AZ91D magnesium alloy by laser cladding using mixed powders of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 and SiC. The wear and corrosion behaviours of the coatings were investigated. The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution. The coatings exhibit excellent wear resistance due to the recombined action of amorphous phase and different intermetallic compounds. The main wear mechanisms of the coatings and the AZ91D sample are different. The former is abrasive wear and the latter is adhesive wear. The coatings compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy also exhibit good corrosion resistance because of the presence of the amorphous phase in the coatings.