处理条件对大白菜发酵过程中总酸及亚硝酸盐含量的影响

以大白菜为主要原料,通过跟踪测定发酵蔬菜发酵期内亚硝酸盐含量及总酸含量,研究不同初始pH、乳酸菌接种量(%)、香辛料添加量(%)、温度(℃)、蔗糖添加量(%)和食盐添加量(%)对泡菜安全性及产酸性能的影响。研究结果表明:处理条件对发酵泡菜总酸及亚硝酸盐含量影响明显。添加蔗糖、食盐、香辛料、乳酸菌及调节不同pH、温度、总酸及亚硝酸盐含量均在发酵后期(第5天或第7天)出现峰值;与另一实验组比较,蔗糖添加量2%、香辛料添加量4%、选取25℃及接种发酵能促进泡菜发酵过程中的产酸并抑制亚硝酸盐含量的升高。     

甘薯泡菜的生产工艺

以甘薯为主要原料,以植物乳杆菌作为菌种生产甘薯泡菜并对其接种量,香辛料添加量和食盐浓度等发酵工艺参数进行优化,还对其发酵规律进行了初步研究.结果:甘薯泡菜的最佳发酵工艺条件为:菌种接种量1%,香辛料的添加量0.3%;食盐浓度4%,发酵温度(18±2)℃,发酵时间8 d.     

响应面法优化发酵鸭的工艺

研究用复合发酵剂生产发酵鸭的工艺条件.通过正交试验确定鸭胚腌制的最佳条件为食盐浓度5%,蔗糖3%,复合香辛料4%,腌制时间16h.通过单因素试验与响应面分析确定最佳的发酵条件:植物乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、变异微球菌与汉逊德巴利氏酵母菌之间的菌种比例1:2:1:2,接种量3.15%,发酵温度31.5℃,发酵时间22.7h.     

海带益生菌发酵条件的优化和营养成分分析

本文采用从海带中分离筛选的植物乳杆菌La10对海带进行纯种发酵,研究海带发酵产品的营养成分及发酵过程中的亚硝酸盐含量变化。结果表明:(1)以感官评定为终极指标的OC1最佳发酵条件为温度20℃、接种量5%、白砂糖浓度9%、食盐浓度4%,时间10 d;(2)以发酵总酸为终极指标的OC2最优发酵条件为温度30℃、接种量10%、白砂糖浓度9%、食盐浓度为2%、时间7 d;(3)海带发酵产品去除了海带的腥味,在OC1和OC2发酵条件下,褐藻胶含量从32.07%分别下降至19.60和14.01%,还原糖和总糖含量从2.19%分别提高至9.15和11.01%。发酵过程中的亚硝酸盐含量先上升后下降,终产品中的亚硝酸盐含量两种发酵条件下分别为93.99和71.43μg/kg。     

低温发酵培根工艺技术研究

根据美国肉类协会(AMI)为抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长对发酵培根生产时间和温度进行的限定,设计正交试验,对影响发酵培根生产的4个主要因素(发酵温度、接种量、食盐和发酵时间)进行试验,并对产品进行感官评价,确定发酵培根生产的最佳配方为:发酵温度为30℃,菌种的接种量为1.5%(106cfu/g),食盐的添加量为2.5%,发酵时间为22h。按最佳配方生产的产品亚硝酸盐残留为7.06mg/L,符合国家对肠制品亚硝酸盐残留的规定。     

发酵萝卜中亚硝酸盐含量影响因素分析

为了加速亚硝酸盐的降解,控制其在发酵萝卜中的含量,对发酵萝卜工艺进行了研究。首先对乳酸菌菌株进行单菌株和复合菌株发酵,筛选出复合菌剂配比为乳杆菌属(LP)∶肠膜明串珠菌属(LM)为1∶2这一菌株组合作为复合发酵菌剂,在此基础上,通过对蔗糖添加量、食盐添加量、复合菌株接种量、发酵时间和发酵温度进行单因素和正交试验,得出亚硝酸盐降解的最优发酵工艺为:蔗糖添加量0.5%、食盐添加量4%、接种量4%、发酵时间72h、发酵温度28℃。在此亚硝酸盐降解工艺条件下,发酵萝卜中亚硝酸盐含量为0.255mg/kg,不仅缩短了发酵周期,而且加速了亚硝酸盐的降解,降低了其在发酵萝卜中的含量。     

肉的发酵工艺与影响因素的研究

研究肉的乳酸发酵工艺，确立了发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量等。同时，对食盐、糖、香辛料的添加对发酵的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：发酵温度为３５℃，发酵时间为１８－２４ｈ，接种量为１０＾６ｃｆｕ／ｇ；食盐添加为２．５－３．０％，糖类选择蔗糖添加为１．２－２％，香辛料的添加不仅可以增加制品的风味，而且可以提高发酵速度。     

风鸭的腌制发酵工艺研究

本试验研究了用复合发酵剂生产风鸭的工艺条件。通过正交试验确定了鸭胚腌制的最佳条件为食盐浓度8%,蔗糖3%,复合香辛料(花椒八角1:1混合)1.5%,腌制时间12 h。通过单因素试验与正交试验确定了最佳的发酵条件:植物乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、变异微球菌与汉逊德巴利氏酵母菌之间的菌种比例1:2:1:2,接种量1.5%,发酵温度22℃,发酵时间73 h,所得风鸭pH值为5.18,氨基酸态氮含量为0.75%。     

植物乳杆菌发酵保藏三华李果坯工艺研究

以三华李为对象,研究植物乳杆菌发酵保藏三华李果坯的工艺条件。通过比较三种乳酸菌的生长期和产酸能力,优选出适于李果坯发酵保藏的乳酸菌:植物乳杆菌。以发酵液酸度、果坯a值和硬度、乳酸菌活菌数、酵母总数为指标,研究接种量、葡萄糖和食盐添加量对发酵效果的影响,优选三华李果坯植物乳杆菌发酵保藏参数为:接种量5%,葡萄糖添加量5%,食盐添加量5%。     

乳杆菌发酵酸芋荷的工艺研究

以芋荷梗为原料,在民间芋荷梗发酵工艺基础上添加植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）进行发酵。以感官评分和pH值为评价指标,分别探究植物乳杆菌添加量、食盐添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间对芋荷梗发酵品质的影响,通过正交试验优化出最佳的发酵工艺。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为植物乳杆菌添加量0.30%、食盐添加量2%、发酵时间3 d、发酵温度30 ℃。在此最佳发酵工艺条件下,酸芋荷感官评分为84分,pH值为3.29,亚硝酸盐含量（6.25 μg/g）符合国家相关标准。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press