正交试验分析稀土对陶瓷砂轮磨削性能的影响

采用正交实验研究稀土氧化物对陶瓷结合剂砂轮磨削比和喷沙硬度的影响规律.实验证明:与未添加稀土砂轮相比,稀土氧化物能提高砂轮的磨削比和喷砂硬度.并得出三种稀土氧化物对两者的影响顺序:La2O3＞Y2O3＞CeO2,三者的最佳添加量为3％La2O3、3％Y2O3和1％CeO2.正交表中空列的影响较大,需要进一步研究.     

Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结行为和热机械性能的影响

研究了Y2O3添加量对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结行为和热机械性能(高温抗折强度和抗热震性)的影响,并研究了这些性能与物相组成和显微结构间的关系.结果表明:Y2O3在Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料中起稳定ZrO2晶型、改善烧结致密化、提高高温抗折强度和抗热震性的作用.当Y2O3添加量为1%时,试样的烧结性能和高温抗折强度较佳,体积密度、显气孔率和线收缩率分别为3.27 g/cm3、21.95%和7.43%,高温抗折强度达29 MPa;抗热震性则在Y2O3添加量为0.5%时较佳,其残余强度保持率为71%.Y2O3对Al2O3/ZrO2复合材料烧结性能和热机械性能的影响与Y2O3/ZrO2固溶体的形成、Al2O3和ZrO2晶体间的结合程度及试样中微裂纹含量密切相关.     

稀土La2O3对Li2O-A12O3-SiO2微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

本主要研究添加微量稀土La2O3对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃晶相组成，显微结构，抗折强度的影响，研究结果表明：添加微量La2O3有利于Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃中的主晶相β－锂辉石发育成完整的柱状，板状晶体，提高了微晶玻璃的抗折强度。     

复合添加剂对全粉料制α-Al2O3陶瓷抗热震性的影响

本文研究了0.3wt%TiO2和MgO+Y2O3+La2O3复合添加剂对全粉料α-Al2O3抗热震性的影响,从试样热震后的抗折强度保持率来看,当复合添加剂含量为0.375wt%及0.5wt%时,不仅可以促进烧结,且由于添加剂有细化晶粒的作用,可使全粉料α-Al2O3抗热震性提高.     

AlN-Re2O3液相烧结碳化硅

采用非氧化物AlN和Re2O3作为复合烧结助剂(Re2O3-La2O3与Y2O3)进行碳化硅液相烧结得到了致密的烧结体.烧结助剂占原料粉体总质量的20%,其中:AIN与(La0.5Y0.5)2O3的摩尔比为2:1,在30MPa压力下,1850℃保温0.5h热压烧结的碳化硅陶瓷,抗弯强度>800MPa,断裂韧性>8MPa·m1/2,明显高于同组分1 950℃无压烧结0.5h的碳化硅陶瓷的抗弯强度(433.7MPa)和断裂韧性(4.8MPam·m1/2.热压烧结的陶瓷晶粒呈单向生长,断裂模式为沿晶断裂.同组分无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的显微结构可以观察到核壳结构.     

稀土La_2O_3对Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

本文主要研究添加微量稀土La2O3对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃晶相组成、显微结构、抗折强度的影响。研究结果表明:添加微量La2O3有利于Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃中的主晶相β-锂辉石发育成完整的柱状、板状晶体,提高了微晶玻璃的抗折强度。     

掺杂La2O3对刚玉基复相陶瓷的烧结和力学性能的影响

刚玉基复相陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高强度及耐磨性等优异的力学性能,是结构陶瓷领域研究的热点之一,具有广阔的应用前景.以α-Al2O3、SiC和ZrO2为原料,掺杂少量稀土氧化物La2O3,采用无压埋烧工艺,制备了稀土掺杂刚玉基复相陶瓷.通过XRD、SEM等手段研究La2O3添加量对复相陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响.结果表明:掺杂La2O3可将复相陶瓷的烧结温度降低至1540℃,经1540℃烧结的掺杂复相陶瓷强度和硬度分别为183 MPa和18.46 GPa.La2O3位于晶界处抑制晶粒长大,促进晶粒细化,利于样品的致密化,同时其晶界强化作用有利于复相陶瓷强度的提高.     

利用正交法优化掺杂La2O3微晶玻璃的热处理制度

实验在前期研究工作基础上选择了稀土氧化物La2O3,采取外加法对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)系统微晶玻璃进行掺杂,为了寻找掺杂La2O3后LAS系统微晶玻璃的最佳热处理制度,采用正交试验设计,对试样在不同温度下进行了热处理,并对晶化后各试样进行了各项性能测试并对测试结果进行了分析,结果表明:热处理制度对微晶玻璃的各项性能影响显著,其中又以晶化温度的影响最大;综合各项性能后,得到合适热处理制度为590℃/1 h→790℃/2 h,此时,试样的力学性能和热膨胀性能最好,其抗折强度为141 MPa,热膨胀系数为1.26×10-7℃-1(20～400℃).     

稀土氧化物对反应烧结合成镁铝尖晶石的影响

以分析纯MgO(粒度<5 um)和活性仅α-Al2O3微粉(粒度<5 um)为主要原料,分别添加不同量的4种稀土氧化物粉末(Y,,2O3、La2O、Nd2O3和CeO2),共混4 h后,在100 MPa下压制成φ30 mm×20 mm的试样,经110℃干燥6 h后,分别于1 100、1 200、1 300、1 400、1 500和1 650 ℃保温3 h烧成.借助DSC、XRD、SEM和能谱分析研究稀土氧化物对反应烧结合成镁铝尖晶石的影响.结果表明:(1)添加稀土氧化物降低了镁铝尖晶石'的结晶温度,促进了尖晶石的晶粒发育;(2)添加3%Nd2O3的试样经1 650℃保温3 h制备出相对密度为92%的镁铝尖晶石;(3)稀土氧化物促进镁铝尖晶石致密化的机理不同:Y2O3和Nd2O3在试样中形成复杂氧化物活化了晶格,而La2O3和CeO2在试样中主要是形成液相,从而促进了镁铝尖晶石的烧结致密化.     

PA6／稀土氧化物复合材料力学与抗紫外老化性能*

以稀土氧化物(La2O3和CeO2)为改性剂、聚酰胺(PA)6为基体材料,通过熔融混合挤出,分别制得PA6//La2O3和PA6/CeO2复合材料。对复合材料的力学性能进行了测试和分析,并采用紫外光谱仪对复合材料的抗紫外老化性能进行测试。结果表明,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度随La2O3和CeO2含量的增加而逐渐升高,缺口冲击强度则逐渐下降;La2O3和CeO2具有较高的紫外光吸收作用,可明显提升复合材料的紫外光吸收率;在La2O3和CeO2含量相同的情况下,随紫外光照射时间的增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度和弯曲强度下降,拉伸强度提高;在紫外光照射时间相同的情况下,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度随La2O3和CeO2含量变化的趋势与未照射时的变化趋势基本相似;随着紫外光照射时间的延长,复合材料缺口冲击强度随La2O3和CeO2含量变化的曲线逐渐发生改变,最终变为先升高后降低模式。     

Spontaneous infiltrations of compound systems of Y2O3, Sm2O3, RE2O3, Al2O3 and AIN in SiC ceramics

Silicon carbide ceramics (SiC) are used in different applications in the engineering area due to the excellent properties, mainly in high temperatures. They are usually obtained by liquid-phase sintering enabling to form volatile products and, consequently, defects. The present work aims at studying the obtention of SiC ceramics by spontaneous infiltration using a eutectic composition of the Al₂O₃/Y₂O₃, AlN/Y₂O₃, Al₂O₃/Sm₂O₃, AlN/Sm₂O₃, Al₂O₃/RE₂O₃ and AlN/RE₂O₃ systems. RE₂O₃ is the concentrate of the rare-earth oxide obtained from Xenotime ore. Infiltration tests were carried out in argon atmosphere, graphite crucibles, in several temperatures near the melting point of each system, varying from 2.5 to 60 min. It was observed that Al₂O₃/Y₂O_3, Al₂O₃/Sm₂O₃, AlN/Sm₂O₃ and Al₂O₃/RE₂O₃ systems do not infiltrate appropriately and the AlN/Y₂O₃ and AlN/RE₂O₃ systems infiltrated spontaneously more than 20 mm; however, the first one presented a higher degree of infiltration, approximately 97%.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Decomposition of Carboxylic Acids in Water by O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/Catalyst

This paper studies the decomposition of formic, oxalic and maleic acids by O₃, O₃/catalyst, and O₃/H₂O₂. The catalytic effect of Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe²⁺ ions is investigated. The results showed that—Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ have the highest catalytic activity for the decomposition of oxalic acid while the catalytic effect of the studied ions is insignificant on the rate of decomposition of formic acid. Maleic acid decomposes by ozone into formic acid and glyoxylic acid, which subsequently oxidizes to oxalic acid. Though the studied ions have no effect on the decomposition of maleic acid, they have a significant effect on the produced oxalic and glyoxylic acids. In the presence of Cu²⁺ ions glyoxylic acid is mainly transformed into formic acid and traces of oxalic acid. In such case, a complete decomposition of maleic acid and its degradation products is achieved within 45 min. The results also show that combining H₂O₂ with O₃ results in an increase in the rate of decomposition of oxalic acid. However, O₃/H₂O₂ system is less active than O₃/Co²⁺ or O₃/Mn²⁺.     

Influence of Bi2O3/TiO2, Sb2O3 and Cr2O3 doping on low-voltage varistor ceramics

The influence of the amount of Bi₂O₃ and TiO₂ additions at a TiO₂/Bi₂O₃ ratio of 1, as well as Sb₂O₃ and/or Cr₂O₃ doping, on the microstructural development and electrical properties of varistor ceramics in the ZnO–Bi₂O₃–TiO₂–Co₃O₄–Mn₂O₃ system was investigated. In samples with a low level of Bi₂O₃ and TiO₂ (0·3 mol%) and therefore small amount of liquid phase, exaggerated growth of the ZnO grains results in high microstructural inhomogeneity. Co-doping with Sb₂O₃ significantly changes the phase composition of TiO₂ doped low-voltage varistor ceramics. The Bi₃Zn₂Sb₃O₁₁ type pyrochlore phase forms at the expense of the γ-Bi₂O₃ and Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ phases and decreases the amount of liquid phase in the early stages of sintering. Already small amounts of Sb₂O₃ and/or Cr₂O₃ added to a TiO₂ doped low-voltage varistor ceramics limit ZnO grain growth and increase the threshold voltage V_T of the samples.     

O3/UV,O3/TiO2/UV,O3/VO2/TiO2降解磺基水杨酸

实验利用O3/UV,O3/TiO2/UV,O3/VO2/TiO2降解了磺基水杨酸.结果表明,在这三种高级氧化技术中,O3/VO2/TiO2的氧化效果最好,如在相同的条件下,30 min后取样表明三者COD的去除率分别为47%,55%和70%.在不同pH条件下研究表明O3/TiO2/UV对水体pH的影响较为敏感.通过加入自由基猝灭剂研究表明三者产生羟基自由基的活性顺序是O3/VO2/TiO2＞O3/TiO2/UV＞O3/UV.     

Fabrication and characterization of La2O3–Fe2O3–Bi2O3 nanopowders: Effects of La2O3 addition on structure,optical, and radiation-absorption properties

In this study, we fabricated and characterized six new nanopowders representing variations of La₂O₃–Fe₂O₃–Bi₂O₃, i.e., 100Bi₂O₃, 30Fe₂O₃–70Bi₂O₃, 3La₂O₃–27Fe₂O₃–70Bi₂O₃, 7La₂O₃–23Fe₂O₃–70Bi₂O₃, 10La₂O₃–20Fe₂O₃–70Bi₂O₃, and 20La₂O₃–10Fe₂O₃–70Bi₂O₃ (represented by 100B, 30F70B, 3L27F70B, 10L20F70B, and 20L10F70B, respectively). These nanopowders were prepared by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method. Saponin extract from soapnuts was used as the nanoparticle capping agent. The structural, optical, and gamma radiation characteristics were measured, calculated, and analysed, respectively. The chemical structures of the nanocomposites influenced their optical and radiation shielding characteristics. The optical bandgaps of the 100B, 30F70B, 3L27F70B, 7L23F70B, 10L20F70B, and 20L10F70B nanopowders were 3.16, 3.13, 3.43, 3.45, 3.46, and 3.58 eV, respectively. The ranges of the mass attenuation coefficients of the nanopowders were computed, using XCOM, to be 0.0412–5.1624, 0.0401–4.5406, 0.0401–4.5285, 0.0401–4.5129, 0.0401–0.5015, and 0.0400–4.4156 cm²/g, respectively, and the ranges of mass energy absorption coefficients were found to be 0.0232–1.7525, 0.0228–1.5484, 0.0228–1.5598, 0.0288–1.5746, 0.0228–1.5853, and 0.0227–1.6192 cm²/g, respectively, for photon energies in the range of 0.1–10 MeV. The order of the dose rate trend was as follows: 30F70B < L27F70B < 7L23F70B < 10L20F70B < 20L10F70B. Analysis of the photon interaction parameters showed that the synthesized nanopowders could function well as fillers in radiation-shielding matrices.     

Dielectric Properties of Glasses in the Systems Bi2O3-CdO-SiO2, Bi2O3-CdO-B2O3, and Bi2O3-CdO-GeO2 and Their Relation to the Structure of Glass

Areas of glass formation and regions of “neo-ceramic” glasses in the systems Biz03-CdO-Si02, Bi203-Cd0-B203, and Bi203-Cd0-GeO2 are demarcated. Properties of glasses in the neoceramic regions were determined before and after nucleation and heat treatment. There are no maxima or minima in the dielectric properties versus composition curves. The dielectric constants increase after nucleation and heat treatment. The dissipation factors show a remarkable change toward higher values. Transparent glasses with Bi₂O₃. CdO as the predominant constituents have unusual dielectric constants ranging from 30 to 42 and dissipation factors ranging from 3 to 50 × 10⁻⁴., Since these glasses contain only from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% SiO₂ or B₂O₃ or 5 wt% GeO₂, the conventional concept of glass structure composed of a random spacial network of SiO₄ tetrahedra, whose interstices are filled with network modifiers, cannot be sustained in this case. It is suggested that the dominant cations Bi^{3 +} and Cd²⁺ form the network and that the interstices are occupied by Si4 + cations. The function of the Si⁴⁺ ion apparently is to distort the highly polarizable Bi3 + ion enough to form a random network. It appears to be possible that Bi³⁺ and Cd²⁺ can form the network in sixfold coordination. The dielectric losses observed are explained in terms of the relative instability of the structure.     

Liquid phase formation in the system SiC,Al2O3, Y2O3

The liquid phase formation in the system SiC–Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃ was investigated via differential thermal analysis (DTA) combined with thermogravimetry (TG). For this purpose mixtures of various alumina and yttria mol ratios and 10 and 20 mol% silicon carbide were densified and heat treated at different temperatures. It was shown that silicon carbide in the examined amounts has low influence on the melting temperature of the oxide phase. The compositions and microstructures formed were studied by SEM, EDX and XRD. The results were compared to thermodynamic calculations.