Numerical simulation of fluid flows in a slab continuous casting mold under electromagnetic stirring

This study established a three-dimensional mathematical model to determine the fluid flowin a slab continuous casting mold under an electromagnetic stirring force. The flowstructure and distribution were studied with respect to different continuous casting parameters and stirring current. Based on the calculation results,the mold flux entrapment index in free surface and velocity uniformity index were used to evaluate the flowfield in the mold. The theoretical basis for the optimization of the flow field structure was provided. The study also suggested an optimization method for electromagnetic stirring parameters.     

GCr15钢大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数优化研究

摘要：为明确不同电磁搅拌条件对结晶器内钢液流动、传热行为的影响规律,对现场大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数的配置提供依据,采用ANSYS Fluent及Maxwell研究了320mm×280mm断面GCr15高碳轴承钢连铸过程中结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数对结晶器内钢液温度场、磁场特性、注流冲击深度及液面波动的影响规律。研究结果表明,在M-EMS作用下,结晶器内钢液温度的耗散明显优于无电磁场作用工况,有利于改善结晶器内温度均匀性。注流的冲击深度随电流强度的增大而降低,而频率改变对钢液冲击深度影响不明显。当电磁搅拌电流强度一定时,随着搅拌频率增加,液面波动趋于平缓;当搅拌频率一定时,随着电流强度增加,液面波动变剧烈。对于320mm×280mm断面GCr15高碳轴承钢不同工艺进行工业试验,只改变结晶器电磁搅拌参数,从300A/2Hz调整到350A/3Hz,铸坯横截面中心碳偏析指数从1.06降低到1.01,铸坯纵截面中心碳偏析指数的平均值从0.98升至0.99,适合该钢种结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数为350A/3Hz。     

电磁搅拌对大圆坯结晶器冶金行为影响的探讨

 为了探究结晶器电磁搅拌(M EMS)对大圆坯结晶器内综合冶金行为的影响。以大断面圆坯连铸结晶器冶金行为为研究对象,基于电磁热流体与凝固传输理论建立三维耦合数值模型。揭示大圆坯连铸常用五孔水口浇注条件下结晶器内电磁场、流场、传热与凝固等综合冶金行为,提出电磁搅拌对结晶器冶金性能影响的多参量评价方法。以中碳铬钼齿轮钢650 mm大圆坯连铸为例,指出结晶器电磁搅拌存在最佳搅拌电流,可获得相对较好的综合冶金效果。具体表现为弯月面保持一定的切向速度和过热度,有利于保护渣的熔化和夹杂物的上浮去除;液面波动幅度在控制范围内,可避免卷渣、改善表面质量;结晶器内钢液过热得到有效耗散,有利于等轴晶形核改善铸坯内部质量;侧孔出流钢液速度得到有效控制,可抑制注流对初凝坯壳的冲刷,提高了初生坯壳生长的均匀性。此外,电磁搅拌产生的水平旋流强度也可得到有效控制,有利于避免常见的皮下白亮带现象。     

Simulation of flow control in the meniscus of a continuous casting mold with opposing alternating current magnetic fields

A numerical simulation was performed for a novel electromagnetic stirring system that employs two rotating magnetic fields. The system controls stirring flow in the meniscus region of a continuous casting mold independently from the stirring induced within the remaining volume of the mold by a main electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) system. This control is achieved by applying to the meniscus region an alternating current-stirring modifier (AC-SM) whose direction of rotation is opposite to that of the main magnetic field produced by the M-EMS. The model computes values and spatial distributions of electromagnetic parameters and fluid flow in stirred pools of mercury in cylindrical and square pools. Also predicted are the relationships between electromagnetics and fluid flows pertinent to a dynamic equilibrium of the opposing stirring swirls in the meniscus region. Results of the numerical simulation compared well with the measurements obtained from experiments with mercury pools.     

Effect of electromagnetic stirring on flow field in mold under submerged entry nozzle clogging

A physical model with mercury as analog was developed to investigate the influences of electromagnetic stirring( EMS) on flow field in slab continuous casting when the submerged entry nozzle( SEN) was clogged with different clogging rates( 0,10%,25%,and 50%). The flow field in mold under different EMS currents( 0,40 A,and 60 A) was measured by an ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter. The results proved that the flow field in the mold was a typical double roll structure under non-clogging SEN. As the SEN clogging rate increased,the flow field structure was transformed from a double roll to asymmetry flow. When the clogging rate reached 50%,the up circulation disappeared on the clogged side. The zone under the meniscus near the narrow face was a non-flowing area. EMS could correct bias flowcaused by SEN clogging and improve the symmetry of the flow field during SEN clogging.     

连铸坯结晶器内钢液流动数学模拟研究

应用CDF软件FLUENT进行结晶器内钢液流动数学模拟,对结晶器参数进行优化.预测了在不同的操作条件下,结晶器内钢液的流动行为和温度场的分布.从温度和流场分布认为,1 500 mm ×350mm连铸坯的最佳生产工艺参数应为水口倾角25°、拉速1.5 m/min、浸入深度180 mm.     

连铸结晶器电磁搅拌磁场及钢液流场模拟

 建立了大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌条件下电磁场及钢液流场数学模型,开发了相应的Visual Cast仿真软件,并应用软件模拟分析了大方坯连铸结晶器内磁场、电磁力分布及双侧孔浸入式水口条件下结晶器内钢液流场的分布特征。结果表明,结晶器内磁场分布均匀,并沿横断面水平旋转,电磁力的旋转周期为磁场旋转周期的一半。电磁搅拌改变了结晶器内流场形态,减小回流区和冲击深度,有利于促进钢液中非金属夹杂物上浮排除,提高大方坯洁净度。     

350 mm×470 mm大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌参数优化

对350 mm×470 mm大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌的空载磁场进行了在线测量,获得了结晶器内磁感应强度分布规律。根据磁场测量结果计算了凝固前沿的电磁力及钢水流动速度,并分析了电磁搅拌参数对钢水流动速度的影响,确定了搅拌电流和频率的范围。由42CrMo钢现场实验的结果得出,当结晶器电磁搅拌电流为150 A,频率为2.5 Hz时,铸坯横断面的最大碳含量的偏差为±0.01%,带状偏析基本消除,铸坯内部质量明显改进。     

大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌的数值模拟

对大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌过程的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,并讨论了搅拌强度对流场和温度场的影响。结果表明：在结晶器电磁搅拌下,搅拌器区域的钢液变为水平旋转,使从水口向下吐出的钢水与向上回流的钢水流股相冲突,流股侵入深度变浅,从而使轴向温度迅速降低,径向温度升高,提高了热区位置,有利于传热;搅拌强度越大,钢水的二次流现象越明显,热区位置越高。     

水口结构对连铸中低碳钢流场和温度场的影响

 为研究水口结构形状对连铸中低碳钢结晶器内流场和温度场分布的影响,采用有限容积法建立连铸圆坯三维数学模型,模拟了不同水口形状下圆铸坯的流场和温度场。结果表明,在水口浸入深度为80 mm、其他参数不变时,与直水口相比,旋流水口使钢水冲击深度降低,结晶器内涡流增强,弯月面温度和二冷区凝固率提高,且随着水口数量的增加,弯月面波高和结晶器出口温度降低;采用旋流水口并施加结晶器电磁搅拌(M EMS)时,结晶器中钢液温度升高,弯月面有卷渣行为,结晶器出口未形成凝固坯壳。在实际应用中,应避免同时使用M EMS和旋流水口,或使用旋流水口时采用低强度的M EMS。     

Research on segregation control for round billet of anti-sulfur steel

The carbon segregation that occurs in a round billet leads to instability in the anti-sulfur steel pipe.The maximum difference in the C content of these billets can reach 0.08%,and the equiaxed grain ratio is about 37.0%.In this paper,reasonable casting and mixing parameters were obtained by a study of the casting process,mold electromagnetic stirring,and the final electromagnetic stirring process.First,a mathematical model was established for the solidification and heat transfer of round-billet continuous casting using the characteristics of the continuous-casting process for sulfur-resistant steel pipes.The relationship between the casting speed,cooling-water ratio,and thickness of the shell at the final stirring position was analyzed.Then,the electromagnetic force and the liquid steel flow velocity were simulated and used to obtain reasonable parameters for the mold and final electromagnetic stirring.Through optimization of the casting and electromagnetic stirring technologies,the equiaxed grain ratio of the continuous-casting round billet increased to 53.4%and the maximum difference in the C content of the billet reduced to 0.031%.     

薄板坯连铸结晶器钢液流动数值模拟

以唐钢第一炼钢厂薄板坯连铸机为背景,利用商业模拟软件FLUENT,根据热轧薄板厂目前连铸操作的工艺参数,采用湍流模型建立数学模型,模拟了薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流场分布情况,系统地研究了水口结构、水口上出口倾角在指定拉速、浸入深度下对结晶器内流场的影响,为水口优化提供理论依据。在固定拉速和指定的浸入深度条件下,通过对比分析几种不同水口结构对结晶器内流场及温度场影响规律,最终确定采用五孔水口上出口倾角取15°为最佳水口结构方案。     

复合电磁场对连铸结晶器弯月面金属液运动 行为及铸坯质量的影响

为了获得高质量的连铸坯 ,提出了在连铸结晶器外施加复合电磁场的电磁铸造方法。规范和测定了冷坩埚式铜铸型内复合电磁场的分布 ;采用低熔点金属镓和 Sn- 4.5 % Pb合金模拟高熔点钢 ,研究了在水冷铜铸型外施加复合电磁场对结晶器弯月面处金属液运动行为及铸坯质量的影响。实验结果表明 :复合电磁场能够有效地抑制结晶器弯月面处金属液波动变形 ,并改善铸坯的表面质量。随着搅拌线圈磁通密度的增加 ,铸坯的凝固组织由柱状晶转变为等轴晶 ,使晶粒得到细化     

承钢板坯连铸机结晶器工艺参数优化的水模型研究

实验采用水模型法研究了承钢板坯连铸机结晶器工艺参数与流场的关系，探讨了结晶器宽度、拉速、水口侵入深度、水口侧中孔面积比对流场状况的影响趋势，并对工艺参数进行了优化。     

160 mm×160 mm小方坯连铸结晶器内流场数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对断面为160 mm×160 mm小方坯结晶器建立了三维稳态数学模型,以结晶器表面流速以及结晶器内钢液的流场状态为主要参考目标,模拟研究了160 mm×160 mm小方坯结晶器在不同拉速条件下相适应的水口浸入深度,并对数值模拟结果相应地进行了水模拟验证。结果表明,当小方坯结晶器的拉速为1.7 ～1.9 m/min、浸入深度为80～100 mm时,结晶器内流场较为适宜,不会因液面波动剧烈而造成卷渣等问题。研究结果为小方坯连铸结晶器制定合理的浇注工艺提供了理论指导。     

Effect of mold EMS design on billet casting productivity and product quality

Increased casting productivity, especially with the introduction of high speed billet casting (HSBC), re-emphasized the importance of high performing mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) in attaining the targets of productivity and product quality. To provide operating flexibility and to enhance metallurgical performance, adapting M-EMS design to the requirements of casting practice with either the open stream pouring or submerged entry nozzle (SEN) has become critical. In that context, it is especially important to assess the effects of EMS design parameters that control stirring velocity in the meniscus region and the rest of the mold. Such a control is the key to EMS compatibility with the continuous casting practice and its high metallurgical performance.In this paper, we discuss different M-EMS designs with reference to their metallurgical performance.     

电磁搅拌作用下连铸结晶器内液面波动行为

电磁搅拌对连铸结晶器内钢液液面波动有重要的影响。以某钢厂直径为250 mm 连铸圆坯结晶器及电磁搅拌器的相关参数为原型,采用湍流模型与多相流模型相结合的方法对电磁搅拌作用下连铸结晶器内钢液液面波动行为进行研究,分析了电磁搅拌作用下钢液液面产生变化的成因。研究结果表明：电磁搅拌作用下钢液液面呈旋转抛物面,与无电磁搅拌作用下的液面截然不同;电磁搅拌作用下钢液液面波动实质上是电磁搅拌电磁力作用的结果。水口附近液面波动会随着电磁搅拌强度的增大而增强,达到一定值时出现卷渣现象。在实际生产过程中,为获得较好的搅拌效果,应考虑结晶器内的液面波动及卷渣行为。     

380mm×280mm大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件,建立了380 mm×280 mm大方坯结晶器电磁搅拌的三维数学模型,系统研究了电磁搅拌工艺参数(电流250～500 A,频率1.5～3.0 Hz,结晶器铜板厚度34～40 mm)对结晶器内电磁场的分布影响。结果表明,结晶器内磁感应强度沿铸流轴向呈"两端小、中间大"分布;电流从350 A增大到500 A,搅拌器中心的磁感应强度呈线性递增;频率由1.5Hz增大到3.0Hz,搅拌器中心磁感应强度仅减小0.001 5 T;随着结晶器铜板厚度的增大,铸坯宽面、窄面和角部的磁感应强度都减小。在实际连铸U71Mn重轨钢中,电流应该维持在400 A以上。     

电磁搅拌作用下水口深度对液面波动的影响

 结晶器内液面波动会影响连铸坯的质量,施加电磁搅拌使钢液的液面呈旋转抛物面。电磁搅拌电流过大或拉速过高会造成保护渣卷渣现象,对铸坯质量造成不利的影响。以某钢厂[?]250 mm连铸圆坯结晶器电磁搅拌为研究对象,采用电磁-流体单相耦合的方式及流体体积函数VOF模型,建立描述结晶器电磁搅拌作用下液面波动的数学模型,研究电磁搅拌作用下浸入式水口深度对液面波动的影响。研究表明,通过增大水口深度,能够改善因电磁搅拌强度过大或拉速过大造成的卷渣现象,减小水口附近的液面波动。     

FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器流场数值模拟

利用商业软件GAMBIT和FLUENT，针对FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器，建立三维有限体积模型，用来描述结晶器内钢液流动特征。在此基础上，分析了浸入深度、拉坯速度以及水口倾角等参数对结晶器流场的影响，为FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器相适应的浸入式水口结构尺寸优化提供参考。