高水头抽水蓄能电站球阀与导叶联动的关闭规律研究

针对高水头抽水蓄能电站机组甩负荷问题,以某抽水蓄能电站为例,采用导叶直线关闭规律及球阀与导叶联动的关闭规律进行探讨,并基于水泵水轮机全特性曲线进行数值模拟.结果表明,该规律能有效削减机组流量和蜗壳压力的第2峰值,最大值仍发生于第1波峰,而第1峰值则取决导叶初始(第1段)的关闭速度.     

抽水蓄能电站相继甩负荷工况导叶-球阀协联关闭规律优化

为提高抽水蓄能电站相继甩负荷工况的动态品质,提出了一种基于多目标算法的导叶-球阀协联关闭策略。首先,建立抽水蓄能电站的精细化仿真模型;然后,确定考虑机组转速和流道水击压力在内的多个优化目标,并基于多目标控制要求引入改进引力搜索算法优化导叶-球阀协联关闭规律,得到一组Pareto最优解;最后,从Pareto最优解中选取综合水击压力目标函数最小值、与平衡点距离最小值及转速目标函数最小值三个典型解进行仿真试验,验证该策略下相继甩负荷工况过渡过程的动态品质。根据优化结果,推荐对发生相继甩负荷工况的两台机组均进行导叶-球阀协联关闭规律优化。结果表明,优化所得最优解均能满足调节保证计算的控制要求,且典型解1比典型解3的蜗壳末端最大压力下降了21.9m,但转速值仅升高了2r/min,这说明提出的导叶-球阀协联关闭策略更好地协调了机组转速与管道水击压力之间的矛盾,可为相继甩负荷工况下电站的安全稳定运行提供有效的技术指导。     

水轮机导叶关闭规律对蜗壳末端压力的影响

抽水蓄能机组由于S特性,在甩负荷过程中会产生很大的水击压力和脉动压力。为控制压力脉动,以我国某抽水蓄能电站为例进行数值模拟,分析了考虑S特性和脉动压力的两段式和三段式关闭规律的优化方法及在控制蜗壳末端压力方面的优势。结果表明,考虑S特性时,先延时后关闭的两段式关闭规律可有效控制水击压力,其折点时间为工况点到达下奇点时,且第二段快关。考虑脉动压力时,采用先部分关导叶减小开度,而后延时或开启,最后导叶快关的方式可减小脉动压力的影响,三段式关闭规律的两个折点时间分别为工况点到达上下奇点时。相较两段式关闭规律,先关闭后开启再关闭的三段式关闭规律不仅可有效控制脉动压力,在控制水击压力方面也有一定优势。研究成果可为抽水蓄能电站的运维和管理工作提供参考。     

某250MW抽水蓄能机组典型大波动过渡过程试验分析

以某250MW抽水蓄能机组为例,开展了水轮机工况甩负荷、水泵工况断电等典型大波动过渡过程试验,验证了机组最大转速、蜗壳最大水压及尾水进口真空度等关键指标均满足设计要求,以水轮机工况甩额定负荷试验实测数据为基础计算的机组转动惯量满足设计值要求。针对水泵断电过程中机组出现反转的问题,通过优化导叶关闭规律改善了其动态调节品质,并分析了甩负荷过程中水流压力脉动的内在规律。将过渡过程中关键技术参数的现场实测数据与仿真计算结果进行对比分析,表明两者吻合度较高。     

一洞三机式抽水蓄能机组发电工况甩负荷试验分析

为验证某一洞三机式抽水蓄能机组选型设计的安全性及调节保证计算的可靠性,分别进行一洞一机/两机/三机发电工况甩负荷试验。详细介绍了甩负荷试验注意事项、试验方法及测点布置,对甩负荷过程中的转速、水流压力及机组稳定性等试验数据进行分析,发现各种甩负荷工况下的最大转速、蜗壳最大水压及尾水进口真空度等关键指标均满足设计要求,转速上升率、蜗壳进口/末端压力上升率及机组振动摆度等指标均随甩负荷的工况负荷或机组台数的增加而变大。对比过渡过程中关键技术参数的现场实测数据与仿真计算结果可知,两者吻合度较高。研究成果为后续抽水蓄能电站水工布置、机组选型及其过渡过程优化设计提供了参考。     

超高水头水泵水轮机甩负荷导叶关闭规律分析

为研究导叶关闭规律对超高水头水泵水轮机甩负荷的影响,以敦化电站为例,定性分析了超高水头大容量高转速蓄能机组的过流特性;在过流特性曲线分析的基础上,采用一段直线、延时直线及传统两段的三种导叶关闭规律对该电站进行大波动过渡过程计算分析。计算结果表明,关闭规律的选取对过流特性的依赖性强,该特性对过渡过程各参数值的影响较大;延时直线关闭可有效降低蜗壳进口压力,虽机组转速会小幅度上升,但在可控范围内,对尾水管进口最小压力没有积极作用;两段关闭中折点位置和时间的选择在平衡蜗壳进口压力和尾水管进口压力方面很关键。研究成果对高水头蓄能电站导叶关闭规律的选择具有借鉴意义。     

某抽水蓄能电站水泵工况导叶关闭规律优化

为保证抽水蓄能电站安全稳定运行,减少水泵断电时水击压力和压力脉动过大及转速反转等对机组的不利影响,有必要研究水泵工况导叶关闭规律。基于某电站水泵断电实测数据,对比分析两种不同导叶关闭规律下的压力和转速;采用经验模态分解法将实测压力数据分解为趋势项和脉动项,对比分析趋势项和数值仿真结果,并基于运行工况点分析脉动压力。研究结果表明,合理的导叶关闭规律不仅可避免转速反转,还可减小水击压力和压力脉动。建议水泵工况导叶关闭规律优先采用一段关闭,关闭时间宜小于30s。     

某抽水蓄能电站~#6机组甩负荷试验仿真与实测分析

在某抽水蓄能电站~#6机组甩负荷试验前,用特征线方法对试验过程中的导叶开度、机组转速、蜗壳末端压力及尾水管进口压力等关键技术参数进行仿真预测,并将仿真计算值与试验实测值进行对比,结果表明数值仿真方法与计算模型的准确性较高;以机组在过渡工况中的工作点运行轨迹为基础数据,分析试验机组在甩负荷过程中的运行状态,探究了仿真数据与实测数据出现差别的内在原因,为后续电站出现类似情况的处理提供了参考。     

导叶不同开度下抽水蓄能机组水轮机工况内流特性分析

为了解抽蓄机组水轮机工况下活动导叶不同开度下的内流特性,以某抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机为研究对象,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,进行活动导叶不同开度下全流道三维非定常数值模拟和分析,探讨活动导叶开度对过流部件内部流场的影响.结果表明:随着导叶开度的增加,水泵水轮机的流量增大,转轮力矩增大但增幅降低,效率先增大后降低.蜗壳整体上的压力沿周向分布比较均匀,从蜗壳进口到蜗壳出口均匀降低,水力损失较小;固定导叶形状及安放角与活动导叶搭配影响较大,小开度和大开度工况下活动导叶和固定导叶进口处水力损失大;压力变化线与进出口是否平行影响转轮内部流态,中开度转轮叶片做功最好;小开度工况下易产生偏心涡带,降低机组效率,不利于尾水管能量的回收,中开度工况下尾水管流态最好.研究结论对抽水蓄能机组运行提供了理论参考.     

某抽水蓄能电站甩负荷试验与仿真计算分析

为解决某抽水蓄能电站蜗壳进口压力过大,尾水管进口压力过小的问题,研究了应用于某电站事故甩负荷球阀导叶联动的关闭规律,并对该电站双机甩负荷过渡过程的现场实测数据和数值仿真结果进行了对比分析,结果表明二者吻合较好,验证了仿真计算的可靠性。进一步采用数值仿真手段复核了极端控制性工况,为该电站的安全运行及类似工程的设计与仿真计算提供了参考。     

尾水主洞长度对抽水蓄能电站尾水管进口最小压力的影响

针对采用"一洞两机"布置形式的无尾水调压室抽水蓄能电站,基于瞬变流理论与特征线法,对实际工程进行数值模拟,分析了不同尾水主洞长度对相继甩负荷工况下尾水管进口最小压力影响的内在机理。结果表明,尾水主洞的增长对尾水管进口最小压力不利,但随着尾水主洞长度的增长,尾水管进口最小压力先减小后增大再减小;随着尾水主洞长度的增长,先甩负荷机组和后甩负荷机组均有可能是引水发电系统出现尾水管进口最小压力的不利机组,整体来看,先甩负荷机组尾水管进口最小压力先减小后增大,后甩负荷机组尾水管进口最小压力先增大后减小。     

Study on integrated development and hybrid operation mode of nuclear power plant and pumped-storage power station

The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system; hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term; nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term; and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.     

抽水蓄能电站甩负荷球阀动水关闭过程流固耦合研究

抽水蓄能电站甩负荷过渡过程中,内部流场与外部结构双向作用,对球阀安全运行造成不良影响。为探讨抽水蓄能电站甩负荷工况球阀动态关闭过程中流场演变对球阀关键部件的影响,基于流固耦合理论,建立球阀系统离散角度有限元仿真模型,以多角度结构分析近似模拟球阀在动水关闭过程中的结构瞬态过程,反映球阀流道的分布特点及薄弱环节的数据特征。为此,先对某抽水蓄能电站进行数值模拟,提取甩负荷过渡过程关键参数,根据仿真结果确定球阀流场边界条件;然后计算球阀流道内流场压力与速度分布;最后基于流场仿真结果建立球阀结构流固耦合模型,求解球阀瞬态过程结构强度相关参数分布。结果表明,甩负荷过渡过程中,在水流三维瞬变流动的影响下,球阀结构的应力分布具有明显规律性,工作密封与检修密封的过流面积突变,导致应力极大值出现在基座与枢轴部位。流场作用于球阀壁面的变形量叠加,球阀总变形量呈现由上游至下游逐渐递增的趋势。     

Prospect of new pumped-storage power station

In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station can be improved with variable-speed pumped-storage technology. Combined with chemical energy storage, the failure to achieve second-order response speed and the insufficient safety and reliability of pumped-storage power units could be solved. With the better solar energy and site resources, the integrated performance can be improved by an optical storage system installed in future pumped-storage stations. Through the characteristics analysis of the new type of pumped-storage power station, three types of optimal station locations are proposed, namely, the load concentration area, new energy concentration area, and ultra- high-voltage direct current receiver area. Taking the new pumped-storage power station as an example, the advantages of multi-energy cooperation and joint operation are analyzed. It can be predicted that the frequency and load regulation of the power grid will be more flexible, and the service capacity to the main power grid will be much stronger in the future.     

Design and evaluation of PV-wind hybrid system with hydroelectric pumped storage on the National Power System of Egypt

National and international policies encourage increased penetration of solar and wind energy into electrical networks in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Solar radiation and wind speed variations complicate the integration of wind and solar generation into power systems and delay the transition of these sources from centralized to distributed energy sources. The increased penetration of nontraditional energy sources into the electric grid stimulates the demand for large capacities in the field of energy storage. A mathematical model, which describes the operation of a proposed hybrid system, including solar PV, wind energy, and a pumped storage hydroelectric power plant is developed in this paper. This hydropower plant utilizes seawater as a lower reservoir, and only a tank has to be built in order to reduce the installation cost of the storing system. The pumped storage power plant used for compensation of the variation of the output energy from the PV and wind power plants by discharging water from the upper reservoir, which is previously pumped in the case of surplus energy from PV and wind turbine power plants. The impact of the proposed system on the grid utility is investigated in accordance with the values of energy exchange (deficits and surpluses of energy) between the considered hybrid system and the grid. The optimum design is determined by the pump and turbine capacities, upper reservoir volume, and the volume of water left in the tank for emergencies. Different scenarios of the optimum operations are presented for analysis. The results obtained from the examined scenarios indicate the ability of such a hybrid energy system to reduce the exchange of energy with the grid. This paper indicates the technical feasibility of seawater pumped-storage hydropower plant for increasing the Egyptian national grid’s ability to accept high integration of renewable energy sources.     

基于关闭煤矿沉陷区—地下硐室群的抽水蓄能电站构建与利用

关闭煤矿具有建造高水头抽水蓄能电站的天然拓扑结构,利用关闭煤矿建设抽水蓄能电站是储能方式的新探索,也是关闭煤矿资源利用的新方式。以常规抽水蓄能电站主要工程结构为蓝本,结合淮南矿区关闭的潘一矿工程地质条件,提出了淮南矿区沉陷区—地下硐室群抽水蓄能电站的构建模型。该模型主要由关闭煤矿采煤沉陷区(上水库)、地下硐室群(下水库)、煤矿主井中布置的压力管道(引水)、地下厂房组成。根据动能计算,淮南矿区关闭煤矿UPHS电站适宜建设小型抽水蓄能电站,装机规模约50MW,满足附近光伏电站调峰需求,废弃煤矿UPHS电站和光伏电站之间的“水光互补”可行。研究成果对于促进清洁能源发展具有重要意义。