认知无线电中一种基于秩准则的鲁棒多天线盲频谱感知算法

在多天线感知场景中,噪声不确定的存在使得经典的能量检测算法的感知性能表现出不稳定性。基于多天线接收信号的统计协方差矩阵为秩-1矩阵这一事实,提出一种基于秩准则的频谱感知方法。该方法首先将取样协方差矩阵分解为具有未知秩的理想信号矩阵和噪声扰动矩阵之和,然后采用秩检测准则估计接收信号子空间的最佳维数,最后利用该值判断信道的状态。与经典的能量检测方法相比,新方法对噪声不确定性具有良好的鲁棒性,且属于全盲检测方法。具体而言,新方法在感知判决过程中,无需事先知道噪声方差以及主用户信号和无线信道的统计特征。仿真结果验证了基于秩准则的多天线频谱感知算法的有效性。     

基于多子带信号采样和小波变换的宽带频谱感知*

在GHz级宽带信号频谱感知中,如果直接采样此宽带信号,其所需采样速率太高,超过现有的模数转换器指标;确切估计出主信号所占频段,可以进一步提高频谱利用率;因此本文基于调制宽带转换系统（MWC）,提出一种基于多子带信号采样和小波变换的宽带频谱感知方法。首先利用MWC实现宽带信号的低速率采样,得到子带信号;然后提出一种噪声功率及检测门限估计方法,再利用能量检测法实现对非噪声子带的频谱感知;最后利用小波变换对信号子带进行频谱边缘检测,以确定主用户信号占用频段的确切位置信息。仿真结果验证了本文所提出的宽带频谱感知方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于随机矩阵最大特征值分布的频谱感知算法

现有频谱感知算法在低信噪比时检测性能较低且受虚警概率影响大,针对此问题,提出了一种基于wishart矩阵样本协方差矩阵最大特征值的分布特性的频谱感知算法。该算法利用最大特征值与几何平均特征值的比值,不需要主用户的先验知识,不敏感于噪声,对相关信号和独立同分布信号均具有较高的检测性能。仿真结果表明,所提算法受虚警概率的影响较小,检测性能高,并且在采样点数、协作用户数、信噪比及虚警概率较小的情况下,也能获得较好的检测性能。     

基于最小特征值分布的频谱感知算法

现有的频谱感知算法中,能量检测容易实现,但检测性能依赖噪声功率。基于随机矩阵理论的频谱感知算法巧妙地规避了噪声不确定性对检测性能带来的影响,但大都采用的是最大特征值的近似分布规律,所得到阈值表达式的精度有待进一步提高。针对上述问题,通过利用随机矩阵理论的最新研究成果,提出一种基于接收信号样本协方差矩阵最小特征值分布的频谱感知算法。最小特征值的分布函数不基于渐近假设,更加符合实际的通信情境。推导所得的阈值表达式是虚警概率的函数,在小样本情况下,对它的有效性和优越性进行了分析与验证。根据单一变量原则,分别在低样本点、低协作用户数、低信噪比和低虚警概率条件下对提出算法与最大最小特征值算法的检测性能进行了仿真比较,检测概率最多可以提高0.2左右。结果表明,该算法能够显著改善系统的检测性能。     

基于特征值极限分布的双门限DMM频谱感知算法

采用随机矩阵特征结构理论,分析并研究多认知用户采样协方差矩阵的特征极限值分布,提出一种基于最大最小特征值之差(DMM)的双门限频谱感知算法。根据最大与最小特征极限值分布推导检测双门限,对双门限内外部分分别采用软判决与硬判决综合得到最终判决结果。利用特征值噪声估计实现检测门限的自适应,克服噪声不确定性对频谱感知的影响。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比、虚警率和采样频率的情况下,该算法检测性能优于DMM算法与能量检测算法,且稳定性好、鲁棒性强。     

基于RMT的合作频谱感知新算法及其性能分析*

针对认知无线电中的频谱感知问题,利用随机矩阵理论(random matrix theory,RMT)最新研究成果,提出了一种新的合作频谱感知算法(maximum-minimum eigenvalue detection,MMED)。该算法将采样协方差矩阵最大特征值与最小特征值的比值作为统计判决量,并利用最小特征值概率分布求得判决门限。理论分析与仿真结果表明,与基于最大特征值的频谱感知方法相比,MMED算法不仅具有感知性能更好以及对噪声不敏感等优点,而且在认知用户数较少、样本较小的情况下,也可获得较好的检测     

基于非线性预编码的多载波分层空时检测方法*

该文针对多载波分层空时方案传统检测存在误层传输效应及复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于非线性预编码的多载波分层空时检测方法。该方法首先对反馈信道状态信息采用几何均值分解获得各子信道具有相同等效噪声增益的预编码矩阵,再在发射端多载波CDMA子载波信道间进行非线性模代数THP预编码,可以有效地消除传统分层空时检测的误层传输效应,在接收端分别采用迫零与最小均方误差准则,降低了下行接收机的复杂度。文中对该方法的性能进行分析并仿真,仿真结果表明本文所提出的方法比传统方法有效改善了系统的误码性能,并在一定程度上降低了接收机的复杂度。     

直接序列扩频的分层级联随机共振接收算法

为提高现有直接序列扩频通信的接收信号的解调增益,提出分层级联随机共振接收算法。通过在接收信号的载波下变频和基带信号解扩过程中分别设计级联双稳态随机共振系统,一方面实现了正弦载波信号的宽带化解调接收,另一方面实现了信道噪声的能量向信号能量的逐步转化。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,所提算法可以通过改变采样频率扩大接收机的频谱适用范围,同时通过增加两层级联随机共振系统的级联数量提高接收机性能。     

一种多径平坦衰落信道下的盲信噪比估计方法

提出一种多径平坦衰落信道下的盲信噪比估计方法.该算法首先利用数字通信信号的循环平稳统计特性构造接收信号的循环自相关矩阵,然后对该矩阵进行奇异值分解,由分解出的特征值信号子空间和噪声子空间,最后通过利用AIC信息准则分别估计信号子空间和噪声子空间的维数并最终估计出信道的平均信噪比.以MPSK信号为例进行了计算机仿真,结果表明了算法的有效性.     

基于二阶循环统计量的盲均衡算法

提出一种新的基于循环二阶统计量的盲均衡算法.通过对信道输出信号进行过采样,建立单输入多输出信道模型.由于过采样等效信道矩阵具有特殊结构,使得仅仅根据零延迟时的协方差矩阵所包含的信息就能实现信道估计,根据不同延迟下的协方差矩阵也可求得不同时延的均衡器矩阵,然后用最小均方误差MMSE准则来优化均衡器得到最佳延迟协方差矩阵.仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.