基于优化VMD和BP神经网络液压管路故障诊断研究北大核心

针对航空发动机液压管路故障信号易受噪声干扰、管路故障诊断准确率不高等问题,提出基于优化变分模态分解和BP神经网络的故障诊断方法。利用遗传算法自适应确定变分模态分解K、α的最优参数,然后采用优化后的变分模态分解方法对航空液压管路的振动信号进行分解,最后将故障特征明显的故障分量输入BP神经网络模型中进行训练和分类。结果表明:提出的基于变分模态分解与BP神经网络的航空液压管路故障诊断方法能够精准识别出航空液压管路多种不同的故障状态。     

基于VMD-SPWVD-CNN的滚动轴承故障智能诊断

针对传统的故障诊断方法依赖经验进行人工提取特征的问题,基于变分模态分解(VMD)和平滑伪魏格纳分布(SPWVD)并结合卷积神经网络(CNN)提出了VMD-SPWVD-CNN模型用于滚动轴承故障诊断.首先,利用VMD对轴承振动信号进行处理,分解为多个具有不同中心频率的模态分量;其次,对信号的每个模态分量分别进行SPWVD...     

基于优化变分模态分解和卷积神经网络的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮振动信号具有非稳定特性、为了实现减速机齿轮箱的智能诊断且变分模态分解(VMD)参数组合[K,α]的大小需要使用者反复尝试而不能有效确定的问题,提出了一种改进的遗传算法(MGA)对变分模态分解参数优化选取方法,在此基础上将优化的VMD与深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)结合。提出了优化VMD与DCNN齿轮智能故障诊断方法,首先用优化后的VMD对信号进行分解,其次采用DCNN进行故障模式识别。最后,将该方法应用于实例中,结果表明,该方法不仅有效地对信号进行分解和对齿轮故障类型可达到精准识别,同时还可诊断齿轮轻度磨损的早期故障。     

基于优化VMD和MHA-DenseNet的滚动轴承故障诊断北大核心

针对传统特征提取的故障诊断技术不能充分表征振动信号故障特征导致故障识别精度不高的问题,提出一种优化VMD和MHA-DenseNet的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,采用麻雀搜索算法(SSA)对变分模态分解算法(VMD)的相关参数组合进行寻优;其次,采用优化VMD分解滚动轴承故障信号,获得的本征模态函数分量(IMF)作为神经网络输入数据;最后,构建多头注意密集神经网络(MHA-DenseNet)故障诊断模型来有效学习故障数据中的特征信息并完成滚动轴承的准确诊断。实验结果表明,提出的故障诊断方法识别率高达99.03%,相较于对比实验该方法提高了故障诊断的准确率。     

基于EMD与卷积神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

为增强滚动轴承故障诊断过程的智能性,提高故障诊断的准确率,并适应大数据故障诊断的需求。文章提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)及卷积神经网络(CNN)的滚动轴承故障特征提取的方法。即将滚动轴承振动信号进行经验模态分解后得到若干个模态分量(IMF),与原始振动数据一起构成二维的特征图,输入卷积神经网络中进行学习训练。最后通过与其他多种方法进行对比验证可以得出,该方法对滚动轴承多种类型多种严重程度的故障有着很高的识别准确率,并且识别过程更具智能性。且增加训练样本的数量可以提高该方法的鲁棒性,更加适合处理针对大数据的故障诊断。     

基于空时模型的航空管路卡箍故障诊断研究

针对航空液压管路卡箍振动信号受强噪声干扰,导致航空卡箍故障难以精准识别的问题,提出一种空时模型的航空卡箍故障诊断新方法。建立空间特征提取模型,对航空卡箍的故障特征进行局部融合。在空间模型中引入GRU模块,提取航空卡箍故障信号中的全局特征。结果表明：设计的空时故障诊断模型可实现航空卡箍故障的精准识别。与目前所用的深度卷积神经网络模型、门控循环单元神经网络模型、循环神经网络模型、支持向量机和误差反向传播神经网络模型等5种先进的故障诊断方法进行对比分析,所提方法对航空卡箍故障识别具有优越性。     

多尺度特征组合优化的航空液压管路故障诊断

为根据管路振动信号准确识别故障类型,提出一种多尺度特征组合优化的航空液压管路故障诊断方法。利用能量比值法确定变分模态分解参数,实现管路振动信号的优化分解,选取最佳模态分量信号进行重构,重构后的信号作为分析信号。选择重构信号的优化多尺度散布熵作为特征指标,构建具有代表性的特征向量集并输入到利用麻雀搜索算法优化的极限学习机网络进行训练,以实现航空液压管路的故障诊断。结果表明：利用所提方法能够准确识别航空液压管路故障类型,为区分航空液压管路故障提供了一种可行的思路。     

VMD与MCKD在轴承故障诊断中的应用与研究

针对传统解调分析难以提取轴承故障信息的这一特征,提出了一种变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)与最大相关峭度解卷积(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD)相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先对轴承故障信号进行进行VMD分解并得到一系列窄带本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,IMFs);然后对各个IMF分量进行MCKD降噪,突出故障冲击成分;最后对降噪后的信号进行包络解调分析完成轴承的故障诊断。仿真信号和轴承故障振动信号的分析结果表明,基于VMD和MCKD的轴承故障诊断方法能够准确地获取轴承故障特征频率。     

基于参数优化变分模态分解的滚动轴承微弱故障诊断研究

为了提高变分模态分解(VMD)对滚动轴承微弱故障特征提取的准确性,提出了一种基于参数优化VMD与奇异值分量及其熵相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法通过寻优算法确定VMD的模态数K和二次惩罚因子α;根据余弦-标准差指标提取VMD典型本征模态分量(IMF);计算IMF奇异值及其熵,并利用计算结果分别判断滚动轴承的不同故障状态。结合美国西储大学轴承振动信号数据,实验结果表明:相比经验模态分解奇异值故障诊断方法,基于参数优化VMD奇异值故障诊断方法能更明显地识别滚动轴承的不同故障类型,为区分滚动轴承微弱故障提供了一种可行的诊断思路。     

滚动轴承VMD能量熵与PNN故障模式识别研究

针对研究振动信号分析识别轴承状态的方法,在实践应用中受到各种噪声的影响很难达到准确识别预期目标的效果,提出了基于VMD能量熵特征与PNN神经网络结合的分类滚动轴承故障状态的方法。首先,通过运用变分模态分解(VMD)的信号预处理方法,实现振动信号的VMD降噪,同时利用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)对仿真信号进行对比两种方法的分解效果;然后,通过VMD能量熵和时域特征组成特征向量。最后,特征向量导入概率神经网络模型中准确识别滚动轴承故障状态。结果表明,该方法能将非平稳振动信号分解有效降噪且抑制模态混叠现象,同时能有效识别故障状态,对于在线监测机床健康状态领域的发展有重大的意义。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。