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藕粉是由新鲜莲藕经过去皮、粉碎、匀浆、沉淀、洗涤等步骤加工而成, 美味可口, 营养价值丰富, 深受广大消费者的喜爱。但莲藕中淀粉含量却不高, 因此纯藕粉的价格显著高于其他淀粉。为了提高经济效益, 降低生产成本, 不良商家在藕粉中添加马铃薯、木薯淀粉等廉价淀粉以次充好, 导致市场上藕粉品质参差不齐。为了维护消费者的合法权益, 鉴定藕粉真伪, 近年来, 国内外对藕粉掺假检测已经发展了显微镜检测技术、红外检测技术、核酸检测技术、液相色谱-质谱联用检测技术等, 实现了藕粉掺假的准确定性以及定量检测。本文综述了藕粉掺假的主要检测技术并重点分析了各种检测手段的原理及优劣, 为开发更多准确、稳定、快速、廉价的藕粉掺假检测技术提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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目的 建立双重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术检测驴乳中掺假的牛乳的鉴别方法 。方法 将牛乳按比例掺入驴乳制备掺假乳,经热处理提取DNA,以驴和牛的12S-RNA、16S-RNA为靶标设计特异性引物,进行相应的PCR扩增,优化双重PCR退火温度,同时考察该方法 在巴氏杀菌、高温灭菌和冷冻干燥条件下的适用性及灵敏度。结果 牛和驴的引物特异性均良好,与非目标物种DNA不发生交叉反应,DNA检出限最低为10 ng;优化后的双重PCR最佳退火温度为55.7℃;单重PCR由于干扰因素少,对驴乳中牛乳的掺假检出限均为0.1%,而双重PCR也表现出较好的适用性及灵敏性,在原料乳中检出限为0.5%,巴氏杀菌乳、高温灭菌乳和冷冻干燥驴乳中检出限均为2.0%。相较于单重PCR,双重PCR大大缩短了检测时间成本。结论 本研究为驴乳中牛乳的掺假检测提供了一种准确、灵敏和经济的方法 ,具有实际参考价值。 相似文献
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随着消费者健康意识的提升, 果汁市场销售水平呈现快速增长态势。作为世界各地消费的重要饮料, 果汁已成为最常见的掺假目标之一。掺假果汁不仅对消费者的身体健康构成了直接的潜在威胁, 增加患病风险, 严重损害其健康权益, 更扰乱了市场秩序, 导致恶性竞争。因此果汁掺假检测技术逐渐成为研究热点。本文根据对样本影响程度的不同, 将果汁真伪鉴别技术分为有损和无损两大类, 从同位素分析、元素分析、色谱技术、光谱技术、智能感官技术、数字成像技术等多个方面, 汇集了果汁掺假检测技术大量的研究成果, 概述了各种掺假检测技术的原理、应用、优势以及局限性。在果汁掺假检测中, 与有损技术相比, 无损技术具有样品制备简便、操作易用、成本较低、便携性强以及无需使用试剂等优点。但要将技术运用于工业实践, 还需要结合生产需要, 以建立适用工业检验鉴定的模型。 相似文献
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林蛙油作为名贵的保健品,具有补肾益精、养阴润肺、健脑益智等多种功效,因价格昂贵,导致市场上出现大量掺假产品.本文对文献进行归纳总结,从指纹图谱法、PCR法、结合环介导等温扩增(Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP)+微流控法3个方面,对林蛙油掺假分子生物学检测方法进... 相似文献
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原料乳中硫氰酸钠掺假定性检测方法 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
研究了原料乳中硫氰酸钠掺假快速定性检测方法,通过向原料乳样品中加入一定量的铁盐溶液,乳样与铁盐溶液接触面的颜色变化与硫氰酸钠掺入量有关,通过显色判定乳样中是否掺有硫氰酸钾。结果表明,该方法用于检测原料乳中硫氰酸钾质量分数在0.01%以上具有良好的重现性,同时方法操作简单,结果准确,适用于乳品企业进行原料乳质量验收检验。 相似文献
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肉类掺假检测技术研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
肉类是我国居民消费最大的食品之一,然而掺假事件时有发生,这不仅对消费者的经济利益造成损害,更有甚者会对人类身体健康造成影响,因此对肉类掺假进行检测鉴别显得十分重要。本文综述了各种肉类掺假检测技术的应用和特点,并探讨其发展趋势。目前,国内外最常用的检测方法有PCR检测技术、酶联免疫法(ELISA)、近红外光谱技术、色谱技术等。在这些技术中,以PCR为主的检测技术包括长度多态性PCR、随机扩增多态性PCR以及实时PCR等最为成熟,应用得也最为广泛。近红外光谱检测虽然检测速度比较快,但是准确度方面还有待改进。ELISA方法虽然已有商品化试剂盒出现,但由于受蛋白活性影响,其应用范围也受限。色谱分析方法近年来有了更深入的研究,随着高分辨质谱的出现,通过多肽鉴定肉类品种将是一个新的研究方向。随着科技的发展,多种技术相结合将会使掺假检测更加快速、可靠。 相似文献
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Caroline E. Handford Katrina Campbell Christopher T. Elliott 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2016,15(1):130-142
Milk in its natural form has a high food value, since it is comprised of a wide variety of nutrients which are essential for proper growth and maintenance of the human body. In recent decades, there has been an upsurge in milk consumption worldwide, especially in developing countries, and it is now forming a significant part of the diet for a high proportion of the global population. As a result of the increased demand, in addition to the growth in competition in the dairy market and the increasing complexity of the supply chain, some unscrupulous producers are indulging in milk fraud. This malpractice has become a common problem in the developing countries, which lack strict vigilance by food safety authorities. Milk is often subjected to fraud (by means of adulteration) for financial gain, but it can also be adulterated due to ill‐informed attempts to improve hygiene conditions. Water is the most common adulterant used, which decreases the nutritional value of milk. If the water is contaminated, for example, with chemicals or pathogens, this poses a serious health risk for consumers. To the diluted milk, inferior cheaper materials may be added such as reconstituted milk powder, urea, and cane sugar, even more hazardous chemicals including melamine, formalin, caustic soda, and detergents. These additions have the potential to cause serious health‐related problems. This review aims to investigate the impacts of milk fraud on nutrition and food safety, and it points out the potential adverse human health effects associated with the consumption of adulterated milk. 相似文献
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提出了原料乳掺假现场检测箱的设计思路,利用若干化学反应的基本原理和现象,可检测出原料乳中21种掺假物质。通过系统的评价各种检测方法的检测限,给出了优化后试剂组合。该检测箱适用于现场检测,便于携带。 相似文献
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We built and validated a chemometric model to detect possible milk adulteration with plant proteins. Specifically, we extracted proteins in raw milk, treated with tryptic digestion, and obtained peptide fingerprints by UPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry with proteomics to differentiate authentic milks from their counterparts adulterated with nonmilk proteins. This approach is able to detect soybean and pea powder-adulterated milks at as low as 1% (wt/wt). Additionally, we obtained the characteristic peptide sequences for milk authentication by principal component analysis. The prediction accuracies for milk authentication by partial least-squares-discriminant analysis were greater than 95%. These results indicated that peptide fingerprints with the chemometric analysis could be successfully applied for milk quality control. 相似文献
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近年来,受经济利益驱动的食品掺假和欺诈事件频发,因而对食品安全和食品行业造成了严重危害。美国是最早提出经济利益驱动型掺假(EMA)概念的国家,并针对EMA提出了一系列措施。本文梳理分析了美国关于EMA和食品欺诈的定义、相关的法律法规以及应对食品欺诈的措施,在此基础上,通过借鉴美国应对食品欺诈的经验,分析总结我国食品欺诈现状,对我国应对经济利益型掺假和食品欺诈提出了建议。 相似文献
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Patrizio Tremonte Luca Tipaldi Mariantonietta Succi Gianfranco Pannella Luisa Falasca Valeria Capilongo Raffaele Coppola Elena Sorrentino 《Journal of dairy science》2014
In Italy, the sale of raw milk from vending machines has been allowed since 2004. Boiling treatment before its use is mandatory for the consumer, because the raw milk could be an important source of foodborne pathogens. This study fits into this context with the aim to evaluate the microbiological quality of 30 raw milk samples periodically collected (March 2013 to July 2013) from 3 vending machines located in Molise, a region of southern Italy. Milk samples were stored for 72 h at 4°C and then subjected to different treatments, such as boiling and microwaving, to simulate domestic handling. The results show that all the raw milk samples examined immediately after their collection were affected by high microbial loads, with values very close to or even greater than those acceptable by Italian law. The microbial populations increased during refrigeration, reaching after 72 h values of about 8.0 log cfu/mL for Pseudomonas spp., 6.5 log cfu/mL for yeasts, and up to 4.0 log cfu/mL for Enterobacteriaceae. Boiling treatment, applied after 72 h to refrigerated milk samples, caused complete decontamination, but negatively affected the nutritional quality of the milk, as demonstrated by a drastic reduction of whey proteins. The microwave treatment at 900 W for 75 s produced microbiological decontamination similar to that of boiling, preserving the content in whey proteins of milk. The microbiological characteristics of raw milk observed in this study fully justify the obligation to boil the raw milk from vending machines before consumption. However, this study also showed that domestic boiling causes a drastic reduction in the nutritional value of milk. Microwave treatment could represent a good alternative to boiling, on the condition that the process variables are standardized for safe domestic application. 相似文献
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食品欺诈自古就有,但是近年来随着食品供应链全球化和复杂化,以及商业竞争日趋激烈等原因,受经济利益驱动进行的食品掺假和欺诈活动愈演愈烈。美国是最早提出经济利益驱动型掺假概念的国家,并为应对经济利益驱动型掺假提出了一系列措施。本文首先将美国关于经济利益驱动型掺假和食品欺诈的定义进行了梳理,并将这两个概念与其他食品保护概念进行对比;其次,对比美国和中国经济利益驱动型掺假和食品欺诈的应对措施;最后,对我国应对经济利益型掺假和食品欺诈提出了四点建议。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(9):7242-7252
To achieve rapid on-site identification of raw milk adulteration and simultaneously quantify the levels of various adulterants, we combined Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics to detect 3 of the most common adulterants. Raw milk was artificially adulterated with maltodextrin (0.5–15.0%; wt/wt), sodium carbonate (10–100 mg/kg), or whey (1.0–20.0%; wt/wt). Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification and a partial least square (PLS) regression model were established using Raman spectra of 144 samples, among which 108 samples were used for training and 36 were used for validation. A model with excellent performance was obtained by spectral preprocessing with first derivative, and variable selection optimization with variable importance in the projection. The classification accuracy of the PLS-DA model was 95.83% for maltodextrin, 100% for sodium carbonate, 95.84% for whey, and 92.25% for pure raw milk. The PLS model had a detection limit of 1.46% for maltodextrin, 4.38 mg/kg for sodium carbonate, and 2.64% for whey. These results suggested that Raman spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA and PLS model can rapidly and efficiently detect adulterants of maltodextrin, sodium carbonate, and whey in raw milk. 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2019,102(11):9711-9720
Artisanal Colonial-type cheese is made from raw milk and is the main cheese produced by rural families of the southern region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate, identify problems, and propose solutions for the current situation of small family farms producing and informally selling artisanal Colonial-type cheese located in the western part of Santa Catarina State in Southern Brazil. A semistructured questionnaire was employed in 12 rural properties to analyze the mode of production. Physical-chemical and microbiological analyses of water, raw milk, and cheese were performed, and it was found that 92, 50, and 100% of the samples, respectively, were outside of the current Brazilian regulatory parameters. None of the cheesemakers involved in this study met the requirements, as established by law, for artisanal cheese production from raw milk. This study concluded that technical support and changes in public policy are needed to ensure the preservation of this artisanal cheese, considering the historical importance and cultural traditions of these local communities and the socioeconomic importance of cheesemaking to family farming. Furthermore, more research on the safety of the cheese produced from raw milk is needed as well as the development of specific microbiological standards for artisanal Brazilian cheeses. Public policies aimed at guaranteeing food safety that formalize the commercialization of these cheeses will increase food security in those communities that currently produce artisanal cheese informally. 相似文献