纳米粒子和PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗碳化性能研究

为研究纳米粒子掺量和种类、PVA纤维掺量对水泥基复合材料抗碳化性能的影响,通过碳化试验测得各组水泥基复合材料碳化试件的碳化深度。纳米粒子的质量掺量分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%,纳米粒子种类为纳米SiO_2和纳米CaCO_3,PVA纤维的体积掺量分别为0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%。研究结果表明,纳米SiO_2可以显著提高PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料抗碳化性能,且在纳米SiO_2掺量低于2.5%时,抗碳化性能随着纳米SiO_2掺量的增加不断增强;PVA纤维可明显提高纳米水泥基复合材料的抗碳化性能,当纤维体积掺量不大于1.2%时,纤维体积掺量较大的纳米水泥基复合材料具有较高的抗碳化性能;纳米CaCO_3与纳米SiO_2均能提高水泥基复合材料的抗碳化性能,纳米SiO_2的提高效果略优于纳米CaCO_3。研究结果为纳米粒子和PVA纤维在水泥基复合材料中的应用提供指导。     

纳米SiO_2和PVA纤维增强地聚合物砂浆抗压强度研究

为研究纳米SiO_2和PVA纤维对地聚合物砂浆工作性和抗压强度的影响,进行了地聚合物砂浆坍落扩展度和抗压性能试验。结果表明,在一定的掺量范围内,随着纳米SiO_2掺量的增加,地聚合物砂浆的坍落扩展度、立方体抗压强度、折后抗压强度和轴心抗压强度均先增大后减小,在纳米SiO_2掺量为1.5%时,抗压强度达到最大值;在试验PVA纤维掺量范围内,随着PVA纤维掺量的增加,地聚合物砂浆坍落扩展度逐渐减小,地聚合物砂浆各试件抗压强度也都呈先增大后减小的趋势,当PVA纤维掺量为0.6%时,抗压强度达到最大值;同时掺加纳米SiO_2和PVA纤维地聚合物砂浆各试件抗压强度比单掺纳米SiO_2或PVA纤维地聚合物砂浆高。     

外掺MgO混凝土技术在韩江高陂水利枢纽工程中的应用

针对韩江高陂水利枢纽工程采用外掺MgO筑坝技术,研究了外掺MgO水泥砂浆与一级配混凝土压蒸安定性、MgO常态混凝土自生体积变形和坝体混凝土中MgO均匀性、温度与应变。结果表明,在水泥砂浆与一级配混凝土体系中,外掺MgO的极限掺量分别为7.3%和11.5%,以水泥砂浆压蒸试件的MgO极限掺量作为混凝土配合比设计参考;MgO碾压混凝土的自生体积变形随养护温度提高而增大,养护温度相差10℃,外掺MgO常态混凝土自生体积变形增加或减少12.1×10~(-6)～31.1×10~(-6);施工过程的碾压混凝土中MgO的均匀性好,外掺MgO坝体混凝土产生微膨胀补偿混凝土温度应力;控制变态混凝土与碾压混凝土的最高中心温度分别为41.6、33.1℃,应变值分别为60×10~(-6)、20×10~(-6)。研究结果可为外掺MgO碾压混凝土重力坝的温控抗裂措施提供借鉴。     

模袋混凝土抗裂性能影响因素分析与评价

为分析模袋混凝土抗裂性能的影响因素,采用极限拉伸试验,以极限拉伸值和轴向抗拉强度作为混凝土抗裂能力的评价指标,研究等强度条件下粉煤灰掺量、含气量及粗骨料体积分数对其抗裂性能的影响规律。通过对比试验,探讨模袋布对混凝土抗裂性能的影响。结果表明,等强度条件下,粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土的轴向抗拉强度和极限拉伸值提高;混凝土的轴向抗拉强度和极限拉伸值与含气量之间呈"中间高,两边低"的变化规律;混凝土的轴向抗拉强度和极限拉伸值与粗骨料体积分数呈单调递减趋势。模袋混凝土试件破坏时,其轴向抗拉强度和极限拉伸的峰值大约为素混凝土的1.1、1.3倍;模袋混凝土的极限变形能力提高,模袋布显著改善了混凝土的综合抗裂性能。研究成果可为模袋混凝土抗裂性能的理论完善提供试验数据和理论依据。     

纳米Fe2O3和纳米Fe3O4水泥基材料的力学性能与作用机理

为研究纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4对水泥基材料的改性作用,通过物理试验分析纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4对低水胶比水泥基材料力学性能、耐久性及渗透性的影响,并分析其作用机制。结果表明,0.5%～4.0%纳米Fe_3O_4和纳米Fe_2O_3能降低低水胶比水泥基材料的扩展度和坍落度,分别降低了1.38%～9.66%/3.45%～16.55%和2.33%～18.60%/4.65%～37.21%,纳米Fe_2O_3对水泥基材料扩展度和坍落度的影响是纳米Fe_3O_4的1.7～2.5、1.8～2.0倍。0.5%～4.0%纳米Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4能提高水泥基材料的抗折/抗压强度和渗透性能,掺量分别以0.5%和1.0%为宜,但纳米Fe_2O_3对水泥基材料抗折/抗压强度和渗透性能的改性作用优于纳米Fe_3O_4。综合来看,由于纳米材料具有比表面积大和吸附性强等特点,既能改善水泥基材料的流动性,还能细化水泥基材料孔结构和促进水泥水化的作用。因此,纳米Fe_2O_3和纳米Fe_3O_4能在一定程度上改善低水胶比水泥基材料的力学性能和耐久性。     

混杂三维网状石墨烯相变复合材料的制备与热性能分析CSCD

将氧化石墨烯和石墨烯纳米片通过水热法制备成混杂三维网状石墨烯。以棕榈酸作为相变材料,通过真空浸渍法,棕榈酸与混杂三维网状石墨烯复合得到混杂三维网状石墨烯相变复合材料。系统研究石墨烯纳米片的种类与掺量对相变复合材料热性能的影响,并对混杂三维网状石墨烯的导热增强机理进行分析。研究结果表明:随着石墨烯纳米片掺量的增加,相变复合材料的热导率提高。石墨烯纳米片的种类影响相变复合材料的热性能。掺加M系列石墨烯纳米片的混杂三维网状石墨烯能够显著提高相变材料热导率,但相变潜热与相变温度变化较小。当石墨烯纳米片的掺量为8%时,掺加M系列石墨烯纳米片的相变复合材料的热导率为0.634W/(m·K),与棕榈酸相比,热导率增大3.2倍。     

纳米ZrO2对水泥基材料性能的改性作用

为了研究纳米ZrO_2对水泥基材料抗压强度、孔隙率和渗透性能的改性作用,以30nm ZrO_2为研究对象,研究纳米ZrO_2掺量(1%、2%、4%、8%)对水泥基材料性能的影响,并分析其作用机制。试验结果表明,纳米ZrO_2掺量为1%、2%、4%、8%时,水泥基材料的化学收缩约为对照组的87.7%、98.4%、117.1%、117.6%;抗压强度约提高了53%～135%;孔隙率和渗透系数分别降低5.4%～19.9%、7.9%～17.3%。综合分析发现,纳米ZrO_2的作用机制主要是填充效应和晶核作用,即通过填充作用,降低了孔隙率达到提高抗压强度和降低渗透性能的目的;同时通过晶核作用加速了水泥的水化。     

纳米二氧化硅强化四元溴化盐熔化潜热及热稳定性的实验研究

高温熔盐作为一种高效的传热和蓄热工质,其熔点的高低和熔化潜热的大小决定着熔盐的工作温度和相变蓄热能力。以化学纯Na Br、KBr、CaBr_2、LiBr为基盐,按照一定比例配制一种混合四元溴化盐。为改善该混合熔盐的性能,将纳米SiO_2以一定质量分数均匀加入混合溴化盐中,配制得到SiO_2纳米溴化盐。利用同步热分析仪对四元溴化盐和SiO_2纳米溴化盐的熔点和熔化潜热进行实验研究。实验结果表明纳米溴化盐的熔点随纳米SiO_2质量百分含量的增大而缓慢下降,下降幅度在2.5℃以内;熔化潜热随纳米SiO_2质量百分含量的增大呈近似直线规律升高,当纳米SiO_2含量达到1.5%时,该纳米SiO_2溴化盐的熔化潜热达到最大,较四元溴化盐升高了89.6%;纳米SiO_2的添加提高了四元溴化盐的分解温度及热稳定性。     

水泥净浆、水泥砂浆的压蒸膨胀率及孔隙结构与MgO掺量的关系研究

为合理确定混凝土中的MgO外掺量,通过室内试验测定了不同MgO外掺量的硬化水泥净浆、水泥砂浆的压蒸膨胀率,并对压蒸后的试样进行压汞试验、扫描电镜分析、背散射电子分析和X射线能谱分析。结果表明,MgO的掺量明显影响试样的密实度和孔隙结构。当MgO外掺量大于一定数值后,水泥浆、水泥砂浆的压蒸膨胀率发生显著增长,孔隙率明显增大,孔隙结构逐渐劣化。同时,水泥砂浆容许的MgO掺量多于水泥净浆,即利用水泥砂浆压蒸试件测得的MgO极限掺量比水泥净浆多。     

MgO混凝土自生体积变形与压蒸膨胀变形的相关性

为促进外掺MgO混凝土的推广应用,对MgO混凝土的自生体积变形与压蒸膨胀变形的变化趋势及其相关性进行了试验研究,发现外掺MgO的一、二级配混凝土自生体积和砂浆压蒸膨胀变形均随着MgO掺量的增大而增大,但超过安定掺量后砂浆的压蒸膨胀变形急剧增大,而混凝土自生体积变形无明显急剧增大的现象,与砂浆试件的压蒸膨胀变形无密切相关性。研究结果表明,以水泥砂浆试件的压蒸膨胀率不超过0.5%来确定混凝土中的MgO安定掺量,虽然安全,但偏于保守。     

Numerical simulation of stress distribution for CF/EP composites in high temperatures

The high-performance carbon fiber materials can be obtained by decomposing carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites using thermally activated oxide semiconductors. This paper established the representative volume element (RVE) of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites, and investigated the structure destruction of composites in the recycling process based on analysis of the stress and strain distribution by the thermomechanical coupling module of Digimat. The results indicated that the maximum thermal stress of the epoxy resin appeared in the poor resin region, while the minimum appeared in the resin-rich region; the stress of the carbon fibers in poor resin region was greater than that in the resin-rich region; the maximum stress of composites appeared in the interface layers when the temperature ranged from 350 to 500?°C, and the maximum thermal stress was 196.9–281.3?MPa, as well as the maximum shear stress was 98.2–140.3?MPa; the maximum peeling stress perpendicular to the fiber directions was 53.7–157.3?MPa; the strain of the interface layers and carbon fibers were the smaller than that of the resin matrix, whose maximum strain ranged from 0.0622 to 0.0889. The structure destruction of the composites was caused by both the peeling stress and the interfacial shear stress in recycling.     

基于加速度计的钢纤维混凝土层裂强度试验研究

为了研究钢纤维混凝土动态拉伸强度和应变率效应,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,采用加速度计取代贴应变片的方法消除应力波弥散和衰减的影响,在试件末端安装加速度计记录试件自由面的加速度,然后根据加速度积分得到的速度,基于一维应力波理论计算得到SFRC的层裂强度。试验结果表明,采用加速计进行层裂强度测试计算,方法简单,结果可靠,且在101~102s-1的应变率范围内,钢纤维混凝土具有明显的应变率效应。     

不同纤维和掺合料对混凝土面板前后期抗裂性能影响

为了研究不同纤维和掺合料对混凝土面板前后期抗裂性能的影响,通过平板式限制开裂试验和砂浆轴向拉伸试验,研究了4种纤维(聚乙烯醇、钢纤维、碳纤维、羧甲基纤维素)和2种掺合料(粉煤灰、抗裂剂)对面板混凝土前后期开裂影响。试验结果表明,与其他纤维和掺合料相比,前期掺入羧甲基纤维素水泥砼单位面积总开裂面积最小为0.28mm2/m2,后期掺入钢纤维水泥砼单位面积总开裂面积最小为10.25mm2/m2;前期聚乙烯醇影响砂浆弹性模量最显著减少到76.2MPa,后期碳纤维影响砂浆弹性模量最显著增大到689.04MPa。羧甲基纤维素减少了混凝土前期失水收缩变形,钢纤维提高水泥石后期抗拉强度至4.67MPa;聚乙烯醇因其断裂伸长率大而增大砂浆极限拉伸值至3.03mm,碳纤维因其抗拉强度大而增大砂浆抗拉强度至4.81MPa。因此,加强对混凝土前期养护和减少失水收缩变形,同时增大前期混凝土变形能力和提高后期混凝土抗拉强度,是防止混凝土面板前后期开裂的重要措施。     

钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝土压力管道非线性有限元分析

针对钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道在运行期因裂缝过宽导致的结构耐久性问题,在混凝土中掺入体积率分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的钢纤维形成钢纤维混凝土,基于模型试验获得的钢纤维混凝土的拉伸软化曲线,采用大型数值分析平台ABAQUS仿真分析了钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝土压力管道受力开裂的全过程,并与原钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道的模型试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,在相同内水压力荷载下,钢衬钢筋钢纤维混凝土压力管道的承载能力与普通钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道相比,不仅其初裂荷载有所提高,管道的最大裂缝宽度明显降低,钢材的应力值也随钢纤维体积率的增加而减少。     

Preparation of a new thermal regulating fiber based on PVA and paraffin

A new kind of thermal regulating fiber based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and paraffin was prepared by wet composite spinning. In this fiber, PVA was the matrix or “sea” polymer to support the “island” paraffin, which was selected as phase change materials (PCMs) to store energy. Because of PVA's excellent barrier ability to nonpolar substances, paraffin can be remained in fiber stably. The thermal stabilities of fibers, thermal treating effects on fibers, mechanical properties of fibers, morphology and thermal properties of fibers were investigated by tensile strength tester, DSC and TGA. Results show that the thermal regulating fiber has the acceptable thermal stability when the content of paraffin in fiber was less than 30%. The best fiber properties of tensile strength 2.6 cN/dtex, breakage elongation: 19.9%, latent heat: 24.45 J/g can be achieved by manipulating the preparation process, and the latent heat of the fiber still remains 24.32 J/g after 25 times washing.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of bio-based PCMs encapsulated with nanofibrous structure

An environmentally friendly phase change material (PCM) was successfully prepared by encapsulating natural soy wax into polyurethane (PU) nanofibers using coaxial electrospinning technique. The morphology and the structure of the wax/PU composites were characterized. Thermal behaviors as well as mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. The results indicated that coaxial electrospinning produced uniform fiber morphology with a core–shell structure and a homogeneous wax distribution throughout the core of the fibers. The soy wax was successfully encapsulated into PU fibers without being miscible with PU fibers. Thermal analysis results show that the enthalpy increases as the wax content increases. The fibrous structures exhibited balanced thermal storage and released properties for thermo-regulating function. The thermal properties were unaltered after 100 heating–cooling cycles, demonstrating that the composite fibers had good thermal stability and reliability. Tensile tests also indicate that the presence of wax enhanced the modulus and lowered the tensile strain.     

BOOK REVIEWS

ABSTRACT

This article reveals some phenomena of the dynamic focusing effects of laminated composites with piezoelectric fiber and matrix layer, subjected to thermal shock of a transitory temperature change, by means of an exact analytical solution and the corresponding numerical example. The dynamic focusing effects give rise to much higher tensile stress magnitudes and electric potential at the center or at near the center of the piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composites system, which easily results in breakage along the axial direction of the piezoelectric fiber at the higher tensile stress region. From the analytical expression and numerical example for the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites system PZT-4/Matrix, it is important to know the mechanism of the dynamic focusing effect of the piezoelectric fiber reinforced composites system and to evaluate the dynamic strength and electric signal of the laminated composites with piezoelectric fiber.     

Influence of hydrogen on the low cycle fatigue performance of P91 steel

The present work aims to assess the influence of hydrogen on strain controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties of P91 steel. Specimens were electrochemically charged using H₂SO₄ solution, subsequently uniaxial tensile and LCF tests were performed at ambient temperature. An increase in strength and reduction in elongation are noticed for hydrogen charged samples relative to as received or uncharged specimens. Hydrogenated specimens depict drastic reduction in fatigue life as compared to the uncharged specimens. Irrespective of imposed strain amplitude, P91 steel show cyclic softening nature throughout its life. The peak stress amplitude and rate of cyclic softening for hydrogenated specimens are found to be more than the as received specimens at all strain amplitudes. The magnitude of proportional limit from master curve depicts that as received specimen exhibit near Masing behavior whereas hydrogenated specimens reveal non-Masing behavior. Local misorientation analyses carried out by electron back scattered diffraction technique are correlated with the evolution of local plastic strain and substructural development. The fracture morphology of tensile test transformed from dimple failure for uncharged specimen to quasi cleavage fracture for hydrogenated specimens. Finite element simulation considering Chaboche kinematic hardening rule is utilized to simulate the cyclic stress-strain behavior of as received and hydrogenated specimens.