虹吸管气液两相流过流能力影响因素分析

基于系列工况下虹吸管的过流量、压降和含气率的试验结果,分析了虹吸管内分别出现气泡流、过渡流和气团流时影响其过流能力的主要因素。结果表明,当虹吸管内为气泡流时,气体存在对流动沿程阻力系数的影响可忽略不计,不同安装高度时管道实际过流量小于计算值的原因是由于实际过水断面面积小于液相满流过水断面面积,面积减小率与流量减小率相等;当虹吸管内为气团流和过渡流时,过流断面面积减小率与流量减小率相差较大,实际过流能力减小不仅与面积减小有关,气体存在对虹吸管道沿程阻力系数的影响也不可忽略,且含气率的增大使气液两相流动阻力增大、沿程阻力系数增大、流量减小。     

油页岩天然岩心支撑剂嵌入导流能力实验研究

辽河油田大民屯盆地沙四段发育一套湖相致密储层,岩性为含碳酸盐的油页岩。由于平均泥质含量高达39.4%,支撑剂容易发生嵌入使人工裂缝导流能力变差。以往导流能力评价实验通常采用钢板或人造岩心夹持支撑剂的方法,忽略了储层岩性的天然属性,实验数据参考性差。为了定量评价储层条件下支撑剂嵌入影响,利用钻井取心制备成天然岩板,并运用CDLY-2006水力压裂裂缝导流能力测试系统,进行了天然岩板、钢板长期导流能力对比实验,分析了不同粒径、不同闭合压力、不同铺砂浓度下的裂缝导流能力变化。结果表明,随着闭合应力的增大,不同粒径支撑剂的导流能力普遍呈下降趋势;支撑剂粒径越大、铺砂浓度越小,因嵌入作用损失的导流能力越大。天然岩板导流能力实验提供了模拟储层条件下的相对精确数据,为油页岩储层压裂方案设计提供了参考依据。     

枕头坝水电站泄流能力研究

针对枕头坝水电站泄洪闸的泄流能力问题,采用理论计算和模型试验对比的方法,分析了影响泄洪闸泄流能力的因素及泄流能力试验值与设计值之间存在较大偏差的原因,并对流量系数进行了参数反演计算.结果表明,泄洪闸的布置形式、游导流墙的存在和流态的稳定性等因素均对泄洪闸的过流能力有一定影响,尤其当泄洪闸过流流态为孔流时不利影响较明显.     

浇筑层厚对碾压混凝土坝温度场和应力场的影响

高混凝土坝浇筑时材料用量大、施工条件复杂、建设周期长,同时又需考虑温度控制、结构应力、施工环境等因素对坝体安全的影响。为此,以某工程碾压混凝土重力坝为例,采用三维有限元法,研究了不同的混凝土浇筑层厚度对大坝温度场与应力场的影响。结果表明,早期坝体内部的最高温度随浇筑层厚的增加而增大,坝体不同区域最高温度不仅受浇筑厚度的影响,同时也与大坝浇筑的时间相关;基础垫层混凝土、三级配碾压混凝土和二级配常态混凝土区域最大拉应力随浇筑厚度的增大而增大。     

断面收缩比对齿墩式内消能工消能效率的影响

为了尽可能减小洞塞消能工对过流能力的影响,提出了一种齿墩式内消能工法,通过物理模型试验对不同收缩比的齿墩式内消能工进行了研究,分析了它们的过流能力、消能率及局部水头损失系数。结果表明,齿墩尺寸和形状是影响齿墩式消能工的关键因素,其面积收缩比越小,消能率越高,过流能力就越低;各方案的时均压强在进口处迅速递减,在距齿墩段进口1.15 D左右达到最小值,而后逐渐恢复,在距进口4.00 D处趋于平稳;当收缩比逐渐增大,局部阻力损失系数逐渐减小。     

珠江三角洲水资源配置工程自密实混凝土配合比优化设计试验研究

自密实混凝土工作性能对原材料的波动较为敏感,工程应用中往往需要对实验室给出的自密实混凝土配合比进行优化设计。通过试验研究了砂率、石子掺量、粉煤灰掺量对自密实混凝土工作性能的影响。试验结果表明,过大或过小的砂率都会对自密实混凝土的工作性能产生不利影响;当石子粒径较小时,可考虑增大石子用量;在变换粉煤灰掺量时,应根据原材料情况调整水的用量及减水剂的掺用量。在保持满足工作性能要求的基础上,通过调整石子和粉煤灰掺量对自密实混凝土的配合比进行优化设计,为自密实混凝土配合比优化设计提供参考和建议。     

基于Partical模型的固液两相流贯流式水轮机流场数值模拟

为了研究灯泡贯流式水轮机在固液两相流动下过流部件的磨损程度,以某水电站实际运行的水轮机为研究对象,基于Particle模型和非均相模型,对水轮机内部流场进行数值模拟。分析了体积分数为1%,泥沙粒径为0.01、0.05、0.10和0.25 mm时,过流部件工作面和背面的固体颗粒相的滑移速度及固相体积分数。结果表明:随着颗粒粒径的增大,桨叶上固体颗粒相的滑移速度减小、导叶上滑移速度增大;在浆叶进水边和轮缘,导叶的进水边和轮毂处固体颗粒相的体积分数较大,磨损较为严重,与现场真机照片磨损位置相同,说明采用Particle模型和非均相模型能准确地模拟固液两相流水轮机内的流动规律。     

新型复合式除雾器分离性能的分析

以折流板除雾器为基本结构,在折流板除雾器弯折管道处增加1排圆管,构成新型复合式除雾器。采用计算流体力学方法对折流板除雾器、带勾板折流板除雾器及新型复合式除雾器进行数值模拟和分析。结果表明:液滴粒径小于20μm时,新型复合式除雾器的除雾效率明显高于折流板除雾器和带勾板折流板除雾器;当入口流速为4 m/s、液滴粒径为10μm时,新型复合式除雾器比折流板除雾器的除雾效率提高了9.33%,比带勾板折流板除雾器的除雾效率提高了5.33%;新型复合式除雾器的管排对来流的节流作用和气流的湍动作用可提高除雾器的除雾效果;在管排处新型复合式除雾器对液滴的捕集数量最大,管排在新型复合式除雾器中起重要作用。     

折弯弓形折流板换热器流动换热性能研究

为了提高折流板换热器的换热性能,改变了折流板换热器的折弯夹角和折流板间距,利用ANSYS Fluent对换热器壳程流体流动与换热过程进行模拟,分析了不同折流板折弯夹角α (110°,135°,170°和180°)、折流板间距（250,300和350 mm)和雷诺数（10 000,20 000和50 000）对换热器壳程压力、速度和温度的影响。结果表明：增大雷诺数对改善流动死区有很大的作用,雷诺数为50 000时的流动死区相对于雷诺数为10 000时面积减小较大;随着夹角α的减小,折流板背流侧的流动死区面积逐渐减小、换热器的表面传热系数和进出口压降力越大,夹角α为110°时出口温度最小、进出口压降最大,夹角α为135°时PEC最大且换热器综合性能最优;折流板间距增大,压力变化梯度减小,压差变化幅度减小,壳程出口温度变化不成正比关系,间距为300 mm时出口温度最低。     

垂荡板对浮式风力机平台动态响应的影响

建立了基于Classic Spar和Cell Spar平台的浮式风力机整机模型,研究2种平台在风波流载荷下的动态响应特性,以及垂荡板及其参数对Cell Spar平台动态响应的影响。结果表明:与Classic Spar平台相比,Cell Spar平台各自由度频域幅值响应算子均显著减小,且峰值对应的频率增大;在相同的当量直径下,附加圆形垂荡板时Cell Spar平台各自由度动态响应最小;随着垂荡板厚度的增大,Cell Spar平台各自由度动态响应均先减小后逐渐平稳;随着垂荡板数目的增加,Cell Spar平台纵荡和纵摇响应逐渐增大,垂荡响应逐渐减小;改变垂荡板透空率对Cell Spar平台纵荡无明显影响,但对垂荡及纵摇影响极大。     

不同放置方式对无砂混凝土板过水流量的影响

针对500 kV架空地线防振锤较易出现的滑移现象,分析了地线防振锤的结构特点、运行工况及无风有风力学模型,得出了架空地线防振锤出现滑移的原因为防振锤的受力特点、材料配对及地线蠕变伸长所致,从结构变更、材料选择等层面提出了4种防滑移改进方案,经综合对比最终确定最佳方案（方案1）并将其制成成品。有限元软件ANSYS Workbench仿真和防振锤定型试验结果表明,该方案符合使用要求,能够为地线防振锤滑移的运行维护工作提供一定的参考。     

Novel biometric flow slab design for improvement of PEMFC performance

Designing a better flow slab is important to cell performance because of its significant influence on the total pressure drop and flow uniformity. Two novel biometric flow slabs, BFF1 and BFF2, which are addressed in this study, are believed to enhance the capability of oxygen transportation and promote the liquid water removal. Hence, its possession of a higher flow uniformity and lower pressure drop would produce a better power performance than the serpentine and parallel flow. These findings with respect to the design of biometric flow slab could be useful to promote the cell performance of PEMFC, and could even be expanded to other cell types.     

Thermal behaviour of hollow-cored concrete slabs

This paper presents a detailed theoretical analysis of the thermal performance of hollow-cored concrete slabs. The governing equations are solved using appropriate boundary conditions and the results show that the heat flux entering the room through the roof is independent of the location of the air cavity within the depth of the slab.     

Maximum thermal load levelling in a double hollow wall/roof

The effect of a metal sheet in the middle of a hollow concrete slab, on the thermal performance of the concrete slab has been studied; one face of the wall/roof is exposed to solar radiation and ambient air and the other is in contact with room air at constant temperature. the optimum distribution of inside and outside concrete thicknesses for maximum thermal load levelling has been obtained; it is seen that this is achived when the outer concrete thickness is as small as possbile. These result have also been compared with the results corresponding to single hollow and double hollow concrete slabs.     

混凝土面板堆石坝面板裂缝成因及防治

混凝土面板堆石坝的面板裂缝一直是面板施工中的一个难题,如何优化面板混凝土设计与施工,减少裂缝的产生;如何有效地处理已产生的裂缝,对今后的面板混凝土设计与施工有着非常重要的意义。     

Thermal performance analysis of a flat slab phase change thermal storage unit with liquid-based heat transfer fluid for cooling applications

This paper presents the results of a thermal performance analysis of a phase change thermal storage unit. The unit consists of several parallel flat slabs of phase change material (PCM) with a liquid heat transfer fluid (HTF) flowing along the passages between the slabs. A validated numerical model developed previously to solve the phase change problem in flat slabs was used. An insight is gained into the melting process by examining the temperatures of the HTF nodes, wall nodes and PCM nodes and the heat transfer rates at four phases during melting. The duration of the melting process is defined based on the level of melting completion. The effects of several parameters on the HTF outlet temperature, heat transfer rate and melting time are evaluated through a parametric study to evaluate the effects of the HTF mass flow rate, HTF inlet temperature, gap between slabs, slab dimensions, PCM initial temperature and thermal conductivity of the container on the thermal performance. The results are used to design a phase change thermal storage unit for a refrigerated truck.     

Comparison of the thermal performances of single hollow and double hollow concrete slabs

This paper compares the thermal performances of single hollow (SHS) and double hollow concrete slabs (DHS) from three points of view: (i) the overall reduction in heat flux, (ii) load levelling and (iii) the phase difference. It is seen that, for the same total thickness of concrete (i) a DHS performs only slightly better than an SHS as far as the overall reduction in heat flux is concerned, (ii) for load levelling, a DHS is superior to an SHS, (iii) neither the SHS nor the DHS introduces any additional appreciable phase difference compared with a single concrete slab (SS).     

圆中环沉沙排沙池最大沉沙粒径研究

为了避免圆中环沉沙排沙池在运行过程中出现沙石淤堵进水廊道的现象,通过物理模型试验研究了其最大沉沙粒径。保持中心出水环直径和含沙量不变,在三种不同流量(1.36、2.73、4.09L/s分别对应原型流量1、2、3m3/s)条件下根据进水前池水头的变化对中心出水环涌出的沙粒进行取样,测量粒径并取最大值。试验结果表明,进水前池与沉沙池之间的水头差是影响最大沉沙粒径的主要因素之一,并且通过回归分析法得出了最大沉沙粒径的预测模型曲线,为今后圆中环沉沙排沙池设计与运行提供了理论依据。     

面板堆石坝分离式面板应力变形特性研究

为进一步研究分离式面板的技术特点,利用商业有限元分析软件ABAQUS分别对分离式和连续式面板堆石坝进行数值模拟,对满蓄期连续式面板和分离式面板的应力应变状态进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,相比于连续式面板,分离式素混凝土面板技术的应用改善了面板在满蓄期的应力分布状况,提高了混凝土面板对堆石体变形的适应能力;不同水平缝宽度对面板的整体应力应变状态影响较小,为避免局部应力过大而导致的混凝土挤压破坏,其宽度应根据变形计算进行确定。     

Modeling of multiphase combustion and deposit formation in a biomass-fed furnace

A comprehensive computational model for biomass combustion is presented, featuring a solid phase combustion model, a fluid dynamic model for the gas phase, and a solid particle transport and deposit formation model. The submodel developed to track particle trajectories is briefly outlined. The model is implemented on the Finite Element code XENIOS++, and a test case is considered of a furnace burning wooden biomass chips added with water and inert material; a dedicated flamelet library is worked out to model combustion. Results underline the capability of the code to predict combustion conditions and, in particular, the growth rates of deposits of different particle size over the furnace walls, as well as the most critical locations for particle deposition.