美藤果及其果油品质

为了研究美藤果及其果油的营养品质和安全品质,对美藤果及其果油中主要营养成分和风险成分（塑化 剂及多环芳烃）进行检测分析,同时对美藤果油的主要质量指标和特征指标进行了检测分析。结果表明,不同产 地的8 个美藤果样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量为0.543～1.695 mg/kg、多环芳烃含量为111.65～282.21 μg/kg; 2 个美藤果样品的粗脂肪质量分数分别为44.70%和48.00%,粗蛋白质量分数分别为31.50%和29.46%;4 个美藤 果油样品中甾醇、VE含量分别为190.16～225.51 mg/100 g和177.99～208.14 mg/100 g;10 个美藤果油样品中塑 化剂含量为0.94～130.97 mg/kg、多环芳烃含量为207.92～1 139.47 μg/kg;4 个美藤果油样品酸价、过氧化值、 碘值、皂化值、磷脂质量分数分别为0.45～2.70 mg KOH/100 g、0.57～3.05 mmol/kg、189.98～193.39 g/100 g、 189.71～195.10 mg KOH/g及0.00%～0.10%;美藤果油主要由6 种脂肪酸组成,其中亚麻酸质量分数最高,占总脂 肪酸的44.28%～46.45%,亚油酸质量分数次之,占37.88%～40.19%,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达92%以上。总的 来看,美藤果油是一种优质的食用油,但不同的美藤果油样品中塑化剂及多环芳烃含量情况差异很大,个别油样中 塑化剂含量明显超出国标限量,因而油脂加工厂应加强对美藤果油生产中塑化剂的风险监控。     

盐肤木果及其果油与籽油品质比较

以不同产地盐肤木果为原料,分别采用溶剂浸出法、热榨法、冷榨法提取盐肤木果油,对盐肤木果的主要组分和盐肤木果油的品质进行检测分析,并与盐肤木果籽油进行比较。结果表明：盐肤木果粗脂肪质量分数为19.17%～19.62%,粗蛋白质量分数为8.87%～11.98%,粗纤维质量分数为25.20%～31.41%;盐肤木果毛油的酸价（以KOH计）为12.5～22.7?mg/g,过氧化值为14.5～47.9?mmol/kg,毛油色泽很深且难以脱除。盐肤木果油的主要脂肪酸是棕榈酸（25.92%～38.50%）、油酸（14.77%～18.49%）、亚油酸（38.05%～54.30%）、硬脂酸（2.30%～3.26%）、α-亚麻酸（1.75%～2.56%）;盐肤木果油VE含量为682.8～837.9?mg/kg,总黄酮质量浓度为102.28～165.92?mg/100?mL,甾醇含量为37.28～108.07?mg/100?g;盐肤木果油不饱和脂肪酸相对含量明显低于籽油（分别约为70%和90%）,亚油酸相对含量显著低于籽油（分别为54.30%和74.08%）,棕榈酸相对含量高于籽油（分别为25.92%和8.13%）。盐肤木果油与籽油的脂肪酸组成及毛油品质有很大差距。?     

微波预处理对山桐子果细胞结构及油脂品质的影响

以山桐子干果为原料,研究了微波预处理对山桐子果细胞结构及压榨山桐子果油品质的影响。结果表明:通过透射电镜发现,微波预处理的山桐子果细胞结构遭到破坏,细胞壁明显破裂,有助于提高出油率。山桐子果经微波预处理后,其油脂酸值、过氧化值没有显著变化;山桐子果油中亚油酸含量最高,微波预处理前后分别达69.50%和68.66%;山桐子果油中甘油三酯的PLL相对含量最高,微波预处理后可达27.38%,其次是LLL,微波预处理后相对含量为16.84%;与未经微波预处理的冷榨山桐子果油相比,微波预处理后生育酚、植物甾醇和总酚含量都有所增加,总生育酚含量增加了382.11μg/g,总植物甾醇含量增加了496.87μg/g。微波预处理提高了山桐子果油的抗氧化性,使氧化诱导期延长了2.06 h,DPPH自由基清除活力增加了3.73μmol/100 g,FRAP总抗氧化能力增加了48.15μmol/100 g。     

黑果枸杞油中脂肪酸、植物甾醇的组成及维生素A、维生素E的分析

对黑果枸杞油中脂肪酸、植物甾醇组成及维生素A、维生素E的含量进行测定。结果表明:黑果枸杞油中不饱和脂肪酸含量为90.0%,其中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量分别为17.9%、67.6%和4.0%;植物甾醇由β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇和豆甾醇组成,总含量为489.2 mg/100 g;维生素A和维生素E的含量分别为0.3 mg/100 g和46.3 mg/100 g。黑果枸杞油是一种具有开发价值的新型植物油。     

不同产地山桐子果含油率和脂肪酸组成分析

对采自10个不同产地的山桐子果的含油率和脂肪酸组成进行了测定,结果表明:山桐子果含油率为35.02%~39.36%,山桐子油的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,在测出的6种主要脂肪酸中亚油酸含量最高,达到68.02%~70.97%。     

苍溪红心猕猴桃不同部位抗氧化活性研究

本文以苍溪红心猕猴桃为原料,研究不同部位的总酚、总黄酮和抗坏血酸含量,并测定不同部位对自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟自由基的清除能力。结果表明：果皮中总酚、总黄酮和抗坏血酸含量最高,分别为1142.56 mg/100 g、419.63 mg/100 g、214.34 mg/100 g,果肉次之,果籽最低。体外抗氧化活性结果表明,果皮的抗氧化活性最强,对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、羟自由基清除能力分别为70.50%、83.79%、67.68%;果肉次之;果籽最弱。     

不同品种诺丽果发酵前后品质、挥发性风味成分和抗氧化活性比较

采用不同品种诺丽果（卵圆形叶大果、椭圆形叶大果、卷叶型长果、西沙诺丽抗氧I号果）制备酵素，通过常规分析方法及气质联用（GC-MS）技术检测其品质指标及挥发性风味成分，并考察其对羟基、ABTS、DPPH自由基的清除能力及还原力。结果表明，卷叶型长果中总多酚、总黄酮的含量较高，分别为190 mg/100 g、42.4 mg/100 g；西沙诺丽抗氧I号果中原花青素、东莨菪亭和去乙酰车叶草苷酸的含量较高，分别为4.94 mg/100 g、16.5 mg/100 g和230 mg/100 g；西沙诺丽抗氧I号果的2-庚酮、乙酸甲酯、辛酸乙酯、己酸、辛酸含量较高，分别为6.35%、8.14%、18.80%、18.45%、18.72%。4种诺丽果酵素均具有较好的抗氧化活性，其中卵圆形叶大果酵素对羟自由基清除率最高，为82.5%；西沙诺丽抗氧I号果酵素还原力、ABTS、DPPH自由基清除率最高，分别为0.594、79.3%、74.1%。     

4个甜樱桃品种品质指标和酚类物质比较

以美早、先锋、雷尼、拉宾斯4个品种的甜樱桃为研究对象,对品种间品质指标及酚类物质的相关性进行分析。结果表明,4个品种中美早甜樱桃的果皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为5.26 kg/cm2和15.47%,而雷尼甜樱桃的a*值、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比最小,b*值和总酸含量最高。从酚类物质含量和组成来看,甜樱桃果肉中含量较高的酚类物质是表儿茶素、对香豆酸、儿茶素和芦丁,美早和先锋甜樱桃果肉的绿原酸含量高于拉宾斯和雷尼,但咖啡酸含量较低。美早、先锋、拉宾斯甜樱桃的果皮中,均是对香豆酸、表儿茶素和芦丁含量较高,但在雷尼果皮中,表儿茶素（226.19 μg/g）含量最高。相关性分析表明,甜樱桃果肉L*值与儿茶素和表儿茶素呈高度显著正相关（P＜0.001）,b*值与表儿茶素呈高度显著正相关（P＜0.001）,与总酸、儿茶素极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。     

4种常见抗氧化剂对山桐子油氧化稳定性的影响比对分析

目的 对比分析4种不同抗氧化剂对山桐子油的抗氧化效果,筛选山桐子油脂抗氧化剂。方法 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法和气相色谱法分析山桐子油的矿物质元素及脂肪酸组成,了解山桐子油的主要成分,采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化法以过氧化值(peroxide value, POV)、p-茴香胺值(p-anisidine value, PAV)、2-硫代巴比妥酸值(2-thiobarbituricacidvalue,TBA)为指标,对比分析不同抗氧化剂对山桐子油脂抗氧化效果的影响。结果 山桐子油的矿物质元素含量分别为:51.0392 mg/kg钙、39.7858 mg/kg镁、24.9281 mg/kg铁、16.5453 mg/kg钠、0.8787 mg/kg钾、0.7916μg/kg铜、0.5765μg/kg锰、0.2269μg/kg锌;脂肪酸比例为:饱和脂肪酸16.75%(以棕榈酸为主),单不饱和脂肪酸9.56%(以油酸为主),多不饱和脂肪酸73.69%(以亚油酸为主)。没食子酸丙脂(propyl gallate, PG)和茶多酚(tea polyphenols, TP)在单抗氧化剂组中的抗氧化效果...     

楸树种子油中活性成分及种粕中黄酮类成分研究

本文以楸树种子为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用法测定楸树种子油中脂肪酸及植物甾醇组成,高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定种子油中生育酚含量,同时采用高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）联用法对脱脂种粕中黄酮类成分进行分析,并考察其抗氧化活性。结果表明,楸树种子油中共检测出11种脂肪酸,其中以亚油酸、a-亚麻酸和油酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达87.37%;含有菜油甾醇（21.52%）、豆甾醇（4.43%）和β-谷甾醇（74.05%）;含有132.58 mg/100 g的生育酚,其中γ-生育酚（88.84 mg/100g）比α-生育酚（43.74 mg/100g）含量高近2倍。种粕中含有4种黄酮类成分,其总黄酮含量为9.39 mg/g DW,具有一定的抗氧化活性。本研究为充分利用楸树种子资源,提高楸树的经济价值和开发高效植物源类抗氧化剂提供理论依据。     

淀粉包埋亚麻籽油脂粉末的制备及其性质分析

亚麻籽油因其高含量的不饱和脂肪酸,在空气中极易氧化变质,导致感官品质下降。粉末油脂技术不仅使油脂对环境的抵御能力增加,而且还降低或掩盖了油脂的不良味道、气味等。本文以普通玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,利用反溶剂法制备了V型淀粉,与一定比例的亚麻籽油干法加热制备粉末油脂,并研究了复合温度对其理化性质的影响。V型淀粉的吸油能力较好(1.54 g/g),优于商业多孔淀粉(1.08 g/g)。动态光散射及X射线衍射显示,随着温度的升高,V型淀粉制备的油脂粉末的粒径逐渐降低、相对结晶度逐渐增大,表明V型淀粉的单螺旋疏水空腔参与了对油脂的吸附。激光共聚焦结果显示,温度升高油脂的扩散速度加快,较高温度下表现出了更高程度的复合;红外光谱显示,随着复合温度上升,1060/1022 cm^-1峰值从0.81升至1.07,表明AS-NMS的短程分子有序性升高。该研究以V型淀粉为包埋壁材,生物相容性高,工艺简单绿色,为粉末油脂的加工利用提供了新思路。     

大豆油调和不同熔点棕榈液油的冷藏试验

为了制备适应不同储存温度的豆油-棕榈液油调和油,以大豆油与不同熔点棕榈液油为原料,采用冷藏试验方法优化抑晶剂种类、用量和调和油配方。结果表明,羟基硬脂精是效果最佳的抑晶剂,其最佳添加量为0.025%;调和油1(豆油70%+10℃棕榈油30% +羟基硬脂精0.025%)在0℃环境下储存可保持16h以上澄清透亮,在5℃条件可保持72h以上澄清透亮;调和油2(豆油70%+18℃棕榈油30%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在10℃环境下可保持30h以上澄清透亮;调和油3(豆油60%+18℃棕榈油40%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在15℃环境下可保持20h以上澄清透亮;调和油4(豆油60%+24℃棕榈油40%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在20℃环境下可保持10h以上澄清透亮。     

Fatty Acid Composition and Triglyceride Structure of Corn Oil, Hydrogenated Corn Oil, and Corn Oil Margarine

Corn oil, hydrogenated corn oil and corn oil margarine were compared on the basis of fatty acid composition and triglyceride structure, including configurational isomerism of unsaturated fatty acids. Hydrogenated corn oil contained trans unsaturation and positional isomers not naturally found in corn oil. The β-position of triglycerides of hydrogenated corn oil was 85% occupied by trans octadecenoic acids (trans-18:1); that of corn oil was 70% occupied by linoleic acid. The proportion of cis octadecenoic acids (cis-18:1) in the β-position of the triglycerides was distinctly less in the hydrogenated corn oil than in corn oil, indicating a hydrogenation and/or a geometrical isomerization of cis-18:1 to trans-18:1 preferentially in the β-position, as compared with the α-positions. Chemical composition of corn oil margarine was intermediate between that of corn oil and that of hydrogenated corn oil.     

油脂同步荧光光谱检测及橄榄油掺假鉴别

采用同步荧光光谱仪,在激发波长250~720 nm,波长间隔Δλ=15 nm时,采集20种食用植物油和掺杂的特级初榨橄榄油的荧光光谱图,分析比较了各种植物油脂的同步荧光光谱图。结果表明,同步荧光光谱法能够将特级初榨橄榄油与其他17种植物油明显地区分开来。在橄榄油掺杂鉴别中,其中14种植物油掺兑量在1%的情况下,同步荧光光谱图与特级初榨橄榄油有着明显的差异。同步荧光光谱法对橄榄油掺假鉴别,无需复杂的样品前处理,本方法简便、快速、灵敏,适合快速筛查。     

Virgin Olive Oil as Frying Oil

Frying is one of the oldest cooking procedures and is still among the most popular ones for food preparation. Due to their unique sensory characteristics, fried foods are consumed often and with pleasure. During frying, part of the oil is absorbed by the food, thereby becoming part of our diet; most interestingly, in the Mediterranean area approximately 50% of total fat intake is provided by cooking fats. Olive oil is the key lipid component of the Mediterranean diet, the health‐promoting effects of which have been largely attributed to olive oil intake. Olive oil is unique among vegetable oils due to its desirable lipid profile and some of its minor components. Scientific evidence now indicates that during frying olive oil behavior is usually equal or superior to that of refined vegetable oils. Herein, an overview of virgin olive oil performance under frying is given, with special reference to the fate of olive oil microconstituents. The compositional changes of foods fried in olive oil are also reviewed and discussed in detail.     

稻米油调和油煎炸应用研究

通过与棕榈油对比180℃下炸制薯片以及评估薯片感官喜好度、质构、口感及粘牙性等差异来评价稻米油调和油的煎炸应用性能。结果表明:采用稻米油调和油煎炸的薯片中多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于棕榈油(P<0.05),且其薯片的整体感官喜好度、质构口感、酥脆度、粘牙喜好度,均显著优于棕榈油薯片(P<0.05)。在加速氧化条件下,采用稻米油调和油炸制的薯片的酸价、过氧化值均与棕榈油炸制的薯片无显著性差异(P>0.05),且远低于GB 16565-2003的规定。在加速存储过程中,谷维素却得到了很好的保留。总之,稻米油调和油具有良好的煎炸性能。     

Sensory and Physical Properties of Peanut Butter Treated with Palm Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil to Prevent Oil Separation

Sensory properties of peanut butters stabilized with 0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% palm oil (PO) and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) and stored for 153 d at 0, 21, 30, and 45 °C were determined. Oxidized flavor in unstabilized peanut butter (UPB) and PO was compared with HVO to determine shelf-life. Shelf-life of UPB stored at 21, 30, and 45 °C was 75 d. Peanut butter with 2.5% palm oil had a shelf-life of 113 d. Regression analysis indicated a linear association for the attributes graininess, hardness, oiliness, mouthdryness, and spreadability with day, treatment, and temperature. No linear relationships existed between stickiness, adhesiveness, and gumminess and day, temperature, and levels of PO.     

水份与油品质量

众所周知，水份调节是油脂制备的关键。然而，水份与油品质量的关系长期未被充分重视。最近的研究表明：水份是控制油品中非水化磷脂含量的重要条件，适当保持油品水份可以有效地降低油脂氧化速度。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取扁杏仁油工艺及成分分析

研究以正己烷为溶剂微波辅助提取扁杏仁油的工艺。采用响应表面优化法(RSM)对扁杏仁油的提取工艺进行了优化,得到的最佳提取工艺参数是:微波功率661 W,提取时间10 min,料液比1∶20。在此条件下,杏仁油的一次提取率达55.31%。利用GC-MS和HPLC-MS对扁杏仁油进行分析,结果表明扁杏仁油的主要成分为油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸,总不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的94.53%;还有少量的维生素E和原花青素聚合物。     

Solid Phase Microextraction of Volatile Soybean Oil and Corn Oil Compounds

ABSTRACT: The qualitative and quantitative determination of volatile compounds in soybean and corn oils were analyzed by solid phase microextraction. Coefficients of variation and sensitivity of polydimethylsiloxane, carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate, and carbowax/divinylbenzene for hexanal analysis in soybean oil were 3.2, 4.2, 7.2, and 10.7%, and 15, 30,20, and 10 ppb, respectively. Volatile compounds of soybean oil with peroxide value (PV) of 1 or 5 were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane at 60 °C for 60 min. The amount of volatile compounds of PV 5 soybean oil was 92% higher than the PV 1. Volatile compounds including 2,4-decadienal, 2-decenal, hexanal, and pentane were identified in soybean and corn oils by SPME-GC-MS and GC retention time. SPME was a simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the analysis of volatile compounds of vegetable oils. Keywords: solid phase microextraction, headspace volatile compounds, soybean oil, corn oil