采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮膜脂代谢的影响

为研究采前喷施胺鲜酯（diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,DA-6）对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮膜脂代谢的影响,以‘福眼’龙眼为实验材料,在龙眼盛花期后70、90、110 d用10 mg/kg DA-6溶液各喷施龙眼果实1 次,以蒸馏水喷施为对照。龙眼果实在盛花期后120 d采收,采后龙眼果实经过挑选、清洗和晾干后用厚度为0.015 mm的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装（每组50 袋,每袋50 个）,在（28±1）℃、相对湿度85%条件下贮藏。结果表明：采前喷施DA-6可延缓采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮细胞膜透性的增加,降低果皮脂氧合酶、脂酶和磷脂酶D等膜脂降解酶活力,延缓果皮膜磷脂（磷脂酰胆碱（phosphatidylcholine,PC）、磷脂酰肌醇（phosphatidylinositol,PI））和不饱和脂肪酸（油酸（C18:1）、亚油酸（C18:2）、亚麻酸（C18:3））的降解,保持较高的PC和PI含量及脂肪酸不饱和指数、脂肪酸不饱和度,保持较低的磷脂酸含量,维持正常细胞膜区室化功能和结构。因此,采前喷施DA-6增强采后龙眼果实耐贮性与采前喷施DA-6能有效降低采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮膜脂代谢有关。     

1-甲基环丙烯延缓采后“油”果实衰老及其与膜脂代谢关系

研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对采后"油"果实衰老的影响及其与膜脂代谢关系。采后"油"果实经1.2μL/L 1-MCP处理12 h,采用0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装,在(25±1)℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定"油"果实细胞膜透性、磷脂酶D(PLD)、脂酶和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性及膜脂脂肪酸组分。与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理能有效延缓采后"油"果实细胞膜透性的上升,降低PLD、脂酶、LOX等膜脂降解酶活性,延缓亚油酸(C18∶2)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)等不饱和脂肪酸含量的下降,棕榈酸(C16∶0)、硬脂酸(C18∶0)等饱和脂肪酸含量的增加,延缓脂肪酸不饱和指数(IUFA)和脂肪酸不饱和度的下降。1-MCP通过降低采后"油木奈"果实PLD、脂酶和LOX等膜脂降解酶的活性而减少膜脂不饱和脂肪酸的降解,较好地保持细胞膜结构的完整性,从而延缓"油木奈"果实衰老。     

采后苯并噻重氮处理对厚皮甜瓜细胞膜磷脂代谢的影响

磷脂是细胞膜的重要组分,磷脂代谢直接影响细胞膜的稳定性,进而影响植物的生长、衰老和次生产物代 谢。诱抗剂苯并噻重氮（benzothiadiazole,BTH）可提高甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）采后抗病性、延缓果实衰老、影 响果实次生代谢产物香气物质的释放。本研究以‘玉金香’甜瓜为实验材料,于采后贮藏期间分析样品果实中磷脂 酰胆碱（phosphatidyl cholines,PC）、磷脂酰肌醇（phosphatidylinositol,PI）和磷脂酸（phosphatidic acid,PA） 含量以及磷脂酶A2（phospholipase A2,PLA2）、磷脂酶C（phospholipase C,PLC）和磷脂酶D（phospholipase D, PLD）活力和相关基因表达水平,探讨采后BTH处理调控厚皮甜瓜磷脂代谢的机理。结果表明：BTH处理可抑制 厚皮甜瓜采后贮藏期间磷脂酶基因的表达和活力,果皮样磷脂酶活力峰值分别较CK组低7.11%（PLA2）、10.24% （PLC）和7.20%（PLD）;BTH处理组膜磷脂组分PC、PI的积累量较CK组增加,贮藏结束时果皮样峰值比CK组 高5.24%（PC）和2.08%（PI）,BTH处理组磷脂代谢产物PA的含量较CK组、CC组降低,贮藏结束时,BTH处理 组比CK组低20.72%（果皮）和8.51%（果肉）;BTH对不饱和脂肪酸的抑制率低于饱和脂肪酸。可见,采后BTH处 理可通过抑制PLC、PLD基因相对表达降低其活力,进而减少产物脂肪酸生成,改变脂肪酸不饱和度,然后影响细 胞膜代谢过程中的信号传导和次生代谢产物生成,降低甜瓜果实的采后病害。     

降温方法对不同成熟度鸭梨果肉脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸的影响

为了探讨缓慢降温抑制采后鸭梨果实褐变的机理,研究了不同降温方法对不同成熟度鸭梨果肉脂氧合酶(LOX)活性及膜脂脂肪酸组分和含量的影响。结果表明:在贮藏期间,LOX活性缓慢上升,晚采果活性较高;缓慢降温抑制了LOX活性的升高和果肉褐变,对早采果影响明显。鸭梨果肉中含有月桂酸、豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、珠光酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸,其中含量较多的是亚油酸、棕榈酸和油酸。推迟采收和缓慢降温提高了果肉的U/S值,缓慢降温提高了鸭梨果肉的亚麻酸及前期的亚油酸含量,在贮藏后期,随着LOX活性的升高,亚油酸、亚麻酸的含量减少,二者可能是LOX的反应底物。适当早采结合缓慢降温可提高鸭梨果肉膜脂不饱和脂肪酸含量和U/S值,抑制果肉褐变。     

采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间病害发生的抑制作用及其机理

为阐明采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间病害发生的影响及其可能机理,用浓度为10 mg/kg的胺鲜酯溶液在‘福眼’龙眼盛花期后70、90、110 d各喷施果实1次,以蒸馏水喷施为对照,果实采收后在(28±1)℃下贮藏。采后贮藏期间取样测定龙眼果实感病指数、果皮木质素和总酚含量,以及果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活力。结果发现:经采前喷施胺鲜酯的龙眼果实感病指数采后贮藏至第6 d比对照组低11.59%。与对照组龙眼果实相比,采前喷施胺鲜酯可降低采后龙眼果实贮藏期间的感病指数、果皮多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活力,保持较高的果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活力,以及果皮木质素和总酚含量。综合分析可知,采前喷施胺鲜酯能有效减轻龙眼果实采后病害的发生,这与采前喷施胺鲜酯能提高采后龙眼果实的果皮抗病相关酶活力和降低酚类物质氧化酶活力,从而有利于提高木质素、总酚等抗病物质含量,进而增强果实抗病性有关。     

1-MCP对采后台湾青枣果实膜脂代谢的影响

以"中青"台湾青枣果实为材料,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对采后台湾青枣果实磷脂酶D(PLD)活性、脂氧合酶(LOX)活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的影响。结果表明:台湾青枣果实脂肪酸组分按含量从高到低依次为油酸(C_(18:1))、花生酸(C_(20:0))、棕榈酸(C_(16:0))、亚麻酸(C_(18:3))、硬脂酸(C_(18:0))、十七烷酸(C_(17:0))。1-MCP处理抑制了采后台湾青枣果实PLD、LOX活性的升高,延缓了膜脂不饱和脂肪酸的降解和饱和脂肪酸含量的上升而引起的膜结构和完整性的损伤,维持较高的细胞膜膜脂脂肪酸不饱和指数和不饱和度;同时1-MCP处理保持了采后台湾青枣果实较高的细胞能荷值,增强了细胞膜的修复能力,最终延缓台湾青枣果实衰老导致的细胞膜结构的破坏。     

采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响

为研究采前喷施胺鲜酯对采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响,以‘福眼’龙眼为材料,在龙眼盛花期后70、90、110 d用10 mg/kg胺鲜酯喷施龙眼果实3 次,以蒸馏水喷施为对照,龙眼果实在盛花期后120 d采收,采后龙眼果实经过挑选、清洗和晾干后用0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装（每袋50 个）,在（28±1）℃、相对湿度85%条件下贮藏,贮藏期间每天取样测定果皮O2－·产生速率、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、活性氧清除酶（超氧化物歧化酶（superoxidase dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ascorbate peroxidase,APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（glutathione reductase,GR））活力、内源抗氧化物质（还原型抗坏血酸（ascorbic acid,AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH））含量及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率和总还原力的变化。结果发现：与对照果实对比,采前喷施胺鲜酯可提高采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮SOD、CAT、APX、GR等活性氧清除酶活力,延缓AsA和GSH含量的下降,保持较高DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力,降低O2－·产生速率和膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量。结论：采前喷施胺鲜酯增强采后龙眼果实耐贮性与其能有效降低采后龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢有关。     

热水处理对近冰温贮藏鲜枣品质提高与膜脂代谢的相关性分析

以采后临泽小枣（Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Linzexiaozao）为实验材料,探讨热水处理对近冰温贮藏鲜枣果实耐冷性与膜脂脂肪酸组分变化的影响。采后果实用60 ℃热水浸泡1 min,自然干燥后,装入带有若干小孔(孔径为2 mm)的聚乙烯塑料饭盒,置于(?1.5~?2)℃的冷库中贮藏,定期测定果实冷害指数、细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)、脂氧合酶(LOX)活性及膜脂脂肪酸组分变化。与对照相比,贮藏50 d时,热水处理果实的冷害指数、相对电导率、MDA和LOX活性分别降低了7.56、17.93%、17.93 μmol/g·FW和15.84 U/g·FW,不饱和脂肪酸油酸(C_18:1)、亚油酸(C_18:2)和亚麻酸(C_18:3)的相对含量及膜脂脂肪酸不饱和指数(IUFA)、脂肪酸不饱和度(UFA/FA)分别增加了11.10%、9.13%、8.60%和55.17、0.65,饱和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸(C_14:0)、棕榈酸(C_16:0)、硬脂酸(C_18:0)和花生酸(C_20:0)的相对含量也分别降低了54.10%、18.66%、17.93%和3.37%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。尤其是对照LOX活性与亚麻酸(C_18:3)的相对百分含量变化有极显著(P<0.01)的负相关性(r=?0.931)。结果表明,鲜枣在近冰温冷藏下发生冷害的程度与膜脂中亚麻酸（C_18:3）的相对含量变化存在相关性。热水处理抑制了鲜枣膜脂脂肪酸不饱和指数(IUFA)和脂肪酸不饱和度(UFA/FA)的下降,诱导膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸的降解速率减缓,从而维持较高的膜脂稳定性,使采后鲜枣近冰温贮藏的耐冷性增强。     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对采后龙眼果皮褐变的影响

本实验以10、50、100μmol/L MeJA处理‘储良’龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)果实,研究其对(20±1)℃、85%相对湿度贮藏条件下的龙眼果皮褐变的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,MeJA处理可有效降低‘储良’龙眼采后果皮褐变指数、果皮细胞膜透性和果肉自溶指数,而且MeJA浓度越高,抑制效果越明显。与对照组相比,100μmol/L MeJA处理龙眼果实能够保持较高的果皮总酚和类黄酮含量,降低果皮多酚氧化酶活力,有效提高果皮过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力;另一方面,MeJA处理可以有效降低超氧阴离子自由基产生速率以及H₂O₂含量,有效增强抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶)活力以及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力,提高果皮抗氧化能力。综上,100μmol/L MeJA处理可抑制龙眼果实采后部分酚类物质代谢,增强其抗氧化能力,从而延缓龙眼采后果皮褐变的发生,延长贮藏保鲜期。     

草酸处理对采后哈密瓜果实膜脂代谢的影响

以"西周密25号"哈密瓜为原料,在已有研究基础上,将哈密瓜在15 mmol/L的草酸溶液中浸泡10 min,以室温(22±2)℃蒸馏水浸泡10 min为对照,待其表面水分完全晾干后,置3～5℃的冷库中贮藏42 d。定期测定哈密瓜果实冷害指数、细胞膜透性和果皮的其它生理指标。研究发现,与对照相比,15 mmol/L草酸处理可降低果实冷害指数和果皮的LOX和PLD活性及其蛋白表达,促进果皮棕榈酸(C_(16:0))和硬脂酸(C_(18:0))的相对含量(除35 d外)下降,提高果皮亚油酸(C_(18:2))、亚麻酸(C_(18:3))和二十碳四烯酸(C_(20:4))的相对含量及与膜结合的Ca~(2+)含量,抑制油酸(C_(18:1))相对含量下降,提高不饱和指数和不饱和度。草酸处理是通过提高与膜结合的Ca~(2+)含量,降低LOX、PLD活性和编码酶基因表达,减少膜脂不饱和脂肪酸降解,维持较高的膜脂不饱和程度,从而增强果实抗冷性,减轻哈密瓜果实冷害的发生。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press