求解并行机拖期与能耗成本优化调度的混合教一学算法

针对加工时间可控的并行机调度,提出了一类考虑拖期与能耗成本优化的调度问题。首先对调度问题进行了问题描述,并建立了整数线性规划模型以便于CPLEX求解。为了快速获得问题的满意解,提出了一种混合教-学算法。结合问题的性质,设计了编码与解码方法以克服标准教-学算法无法直接适用于离散问题的缺点。同时,构建了基于变邻域搜索的局部搜索算子以强化混合算法的搜索性能。最后,对加工时间可控的并行机调度问题进行了仿真实验,测试结果验证了本文构建的整数线性规划模型和混合算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于改进变邻域NSGA-Ⅱ的绿色跨单元调度问题

针对绿色背景下跨单元调度存在加工效率低和能源消耗高等问题，建立了以最小化完工时间和全局能耗的多目标数学模型。提出了一种改进变邻域NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解模型。首先引入三层编码表达问题特征，然后设计了考虑运输时间的解码方法，提出一种基于Sigmoid函数的自适应交叉变异率以保证种群多样性，最后构建了三种变邻域结构融入改进后的NSGA-Ⅱ算法来增强局部搜索能力。实验表明，改进后的算法能有效求解模型，运输时间能够协调完工时间和能耗关系。     

考虑多目标的柔性工艺与调度集成优化算法

针对工艺规划与车间调度集成优化问题,在考虑零件的加工工序柔性、工序次序柔性及加工机器柔性的基础上,以最大完工时间、总加工成本和总拖期时间为优化目标,对多目标柔性工艺与车间调度集成问题建模,提出一种基于改进人工蜂群算法的多目标柔性工艺与车间调度集成优化策略,并提出邻域变异操作以及全局交叉操作,对种群进行更新。引入Pareto方法,通过对适应度评价、贪婪准则、Pareto最优解集构造和保存以及解得多样性维护等方面进行改进,设计了一种基于Pareto方法的多目标人工蜂群算法。最后,通过采用基本人工蜂群算法及改进人工蜂群算法对六个工件、五台机床的柔性工艺与车间调度集成问题进行优化,验证了改进算法的有效性。     

混合离散人工蜂群算法求解含不相关并行机的分布式柔性流水线调度

研究每阶段含不相关并行机的分布式柔性流水线调度问题.考虑顺序相关准备时间和工件动态到达时间,以最小化总加权提前/拖期惩罚为目标建立整数规划模型,提出一种融合离散差分进化算法、变邻域下降算法和局域搜索的混合离散人工蜂群算法以获取近优解.该算法采用基于工厂-工件号的编码以及基于机器最早空闲时间的动态解码机制,通过随机规则和均衡分派策略生成初始工厂-工件序列群,在引领蜂阶段引入离散差分进化算法产生优质工厂-工件序列,在跟随蜂阶段利用变邻域下降算法在被选择序列附近继续搜索以得到邻域序列,在侦察蜂阶段设计基于关键/非关键工厂间插入的局域搜索提高算法搜索能力.通过仿真实验测试不同规模的算例,实验结果表明,所提出的混合离散人工蜂群算法表现出较好的求解性能.     

工序加工时间不确定的可重入调度问题的求解

针对一类工序加工时间不确定的可重入调度问题,以提前/拖期惩罚区间大小为目标构建调度模型,并设计一种兼顾区间极值和区间跨度的方法对惩罚区间进行定量比较,同时可根据生产的实际需求或调度人员的倾向灵活调节区间极值和区间跨度所占的比重.根据调度模型,提出一种变邻域化学反应优化算法(VNCRO),并设计4种化学反应.其中:碰壁反应采用粒子群算法中对最优粒子的跟踪思想和变步长邻域搜索方法,加速算法收敛,同时使局部搜索更加精细;双分子碰撞反应可使种群内分子进行信息交流.结合所设计的全局搜索分解反应和合成反应,可使局部搜索与全局搜索达到更好的平衡.通过仿真实验验证模型的可靠性,并通过与CRO、DICA、IDABC、DWOA算法的性能比较,说明VNCRO算法在解决工序加工时间不确定的可重入调度问题的优越性.     

考虑设施深度的过道布置问题及改进烟花算法求解方法

针对过道布置问题中忽略设施深度及物流交互点置于过道边线的问题,结合实际布局活动对过道布置问题进行拓展,构建考虑设施深度的过道布置问题的混合整数规划模型,并提出一种改进烟花算法.该算法采用2-opt邻域构造方法对爆炸操作进行离散化处理;设置搜索深度并执行两点变异操作,实现变邻域搜索;通过贪婪选择方法更新种群以记忆精英解.为改进算法,引入混沌映射初始化烟花种群和设置阈值以加速算法寻优.通过对比数学规划方法与所提出算法的求解结果,验证了模型的有效性和所提出算法的求解优势.最后,通过不同算法的对比实验表明,改进烟花算法在寻优精度、收敛效率和稳定性方面均有明显优势.     

约束满足混合算法求解提前/拖期Job Shop调度问题

针对提前/拖期Job Shop调度问题,建立其约束满足优化问题模型,提出了一种约束满足与禁忌搜索结合的混合算法。该算法基于约束满足思想,通过约束传播技术和启发式修复算法,得到可行调度作为禁忌搜索算法的初始解;再进行关键路径上的邻域变换,优化当前解;并采用一种全局邻域交换策略,扩大搜索空间,改善优化结果。数据实验表明了该混合算法的可行性和有效性。     

考虑能耗成本和拖期成本的非同等并行机调度

针对橡胶轮胎硫化车间能源消耗大,浪费严重的现象,提出一类考虑能耗成本与拖期成本的非等同并行机调度问题,建立基于硫化机正常运行、空闲、停机三种运行状态的能源消耗成本与拖期成本的调度模型。设计了基于优先调度规则的启发式算法、基于能耗优化的启发式算法、组合启发式算法用于模型求解,并通过仿真实验分析、比较了各种算法的有效性与适用环境。同时,仿真实验结果也表明本文提出的考虑能耗成本和拖期成本的非同等并行机调度问题具有一定的理论与实践意义。     

基于变邻域蚁群算法的自动光学检测路径规划

在确定取像窗口最少数量及其约束移动范围的前提下,为解决蚁群算法用于自动光学检测路径规划存在的问题,提出一种基于变邻域蚁群算法的自动光学检测路径规划方法。针对蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出含有3种邻域结构的变邻域路径搜索方法,改进蚁群算法以快速获得质量优异的可优化路径;针对取像窗口位置可调整的问题,提出变邻域窗口位置调整方法,进一步改善可优化路径,获得最短路径。实验结果表明,该算法比基本的蚁群算法具有更高的求解效率和求解质量,有效提升了自动光学检测系统的在线检测效率。     

顺序依赖的调整时间和拖期的无缝钢管热轧批量调度算法

无缝钢管热轧生产存在一类特殊的顺序依赖机器调整时间,调整时间依赖于相邻轧制批量间的规格切换,与批量间规格呈线性函数关系.针对具有此类调整时间的热轧批量调度问题,进一步考虑交货期要求,探讨了调整时间与交货期之间的性质特征,并以最小化总机器调整时间和最小化总拖期为目标,基于进化算法框架设计了快速重排序邻域搜索多目标算法(fast reordering neighborhood search multi-objective algorithm,FRNSM).在算法初始阶段,提出规格优化规则和交货时间优化规则,对初始解进行局部优化;邻域搜索阶段设计了基于同交货时间规格优化的快速重排序邻域搜索策略,以优化机器调整时间和拖期;针对问题多目标特征,基于Pareto思想设计解的接受准则.基于实际生产数据的实验结果表明,FRNSM算法对此类问题具有很好的求解效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。