A survey of master's-level staffing patterns and clinical roles.

1,157 mental health agencies were surveyed concerning the employment of master's-level clinical psychologists, and usable data were provided by 637. Numbers and proportions of staff positions, salaries, job functions performed, and training models preferred for master's-level clinicians are reported for 9 types of mental health agencies. Community mental health centers and state hospitals provided the best sources of employment. The optimal training program should prepare the student to perform group and individual therapy, psychological testing, and community mental health functions. Research skills were more important in state hospitals than in community mental health centers. (1 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical services and demographic characteristics of police psychologists.

Surveyed 56 police psychologists to ascertain their demographic characteristics and the nature of the services that they provide for law enforcement organizations. Ss identified themselves as either staff (n?=?33) or consulting (n?=?23) psychologists. Selected results show that the modal respondent had a doctoral degree in clinical or counseling psychology and provided a wide variety of clinical services. Daily consulting fees varied widely, but the full-time salaries of staff psychologists were comparable with those reported by psychologists in other clinical settings. The staff psychologist's most common service was providing therapy, whereas the consultant's greatest allotment of time was devoted to assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The case of clinical psychology: A search for identity.

Clinical psychology presents itself in a state of chronic anxiety, great ambivalence, insecurity, and self-doubt." Clinical psychology is confused concerning its identity. The "role of the internship in the training of clinical psychologists is a crucial one." It should provide a clear example of the role model the clinician will eventually be expected to assume. "Both academic departments and internship training centers must assume fully their responsibility for training clinical students in the role society demands of them." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA Visiting Psychologist Program.

The Visiting Psychologist Program, sponsored by the American Psychological Association and supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, has two major goals: (1) to provide information on recent developments in the field to psychologists in service settings, and (2) to provide opportunities to visit and learn about field centers for psychologists with significant training, service, and research responsibilities. The specific goals of the program are to disseminate up-to-date knowledge of recent research findings and to demonstrate innovations in psychological procedures and techniques. The Visiting Psychologist Program, under which psychologists from universities and other training and service centers visit selected field settings, involves the careful selection of visiting psychologists who have something new and substantial to transmit to the field, and the determination of representative settings to be visited that do not have ready access to significant recent developments. Main topics discussed in this article include the following: (1) how the program functions; (2) selection of visiting psychologists; (3) selection of agencies; and (4) how to apply. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PhD and MA clinical psychologists and MSWs in public mental health settings: A nationwide comparison.

Presents results of a nationwide survey of 402 public mental health facility directors that solicited information and opinions comparing the employment opportunities, salaries, duties, and job skills of doctoral and subdoctoral clinical psychologists and MSWs. Results indicate that although all groups are in demand in the marketplace, receive competitive salaries, and are evaluated as competent service providers, subdoctoral clinicians consistently fall behind MSWs on all dimensions, and both, in turn, fall behind doctoral-level clinical psychologists. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Practical pitfalls of "Postdoctoral education for professional practice."

Comments on an article by S. R. Graham and R. E. Fox (see record 1992-06970-001) regarding their idea for a network of centers of excellence to provide postdoctoral training. The authors find 2 problems with the proposed model: Part-time training and adequate salaries will not help those based in underserved areas, and trainees would stay too long in a student role. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Section 2: Salaries: Editor's Commentary.

Provides a preview of articles in a special section dedicated to the salaries of psychologists. The articles in this section discuss an economic model for forecasting the demand for psychology's manpower as well as salaries for psychologists in academic and non-academic settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in prisons, 1952.

An analysis of the results of a questionnaire sent to 60 psychologists known to be operating in adult correctional institutions in terms of training, supervision, job requirements, salaries, work activities, evaluation methods, etc. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preliminary report of the 1970 National Register.

Examined the salary information in the National Register. The American Psychological Association (APA) compared a 10% sample of the employed respondents to the 1970 Register with population information from the Register. Sample median salaries were also compared with salaries from the 1968 Register. Salaries of psychologists have generally kept pace with inflation. However, many psychologists expected to supplement their salaries with other sources of professional income. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Training in medical psychology: A survey of graduate and internship training programs.

Surveyed American Psychological Association-approved doctoral and internship programs in clinical and counseling psychology regarding training opportunities in medical psychology. 42 graduate and 65 internship programs responded. Results indicate that the majority of both types of programs offered didactic and experiential training, including diagnostic and therapeutic activities with a wide variety of medical/surgical patients. There appears to be a sufficient number of faculty psychologists with special interest and/or expertise in this area to adequately prepare new psychologists for employment in medical centers and other types of medical settings. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

APA Visiting Psychologist Program.

The Visiting Psychologist Program, sponsored by the APA and supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, has two major goals: (a) to provide information on recent developments in the field to psychologists in service settings, and (b) to provide opportunities to visit and learn about field centers for psychologists with significant training, service, and research responsibilities. The specific goals of the program are to disseminate up-to-date knowledge of recent research findings and to demonstrate innovations in psychological procedures and techniques. This program is discussed in further detail in this article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The necessity of postdoctoral education.

Agrees with S. R. Graham and R. E. Fox's (see record 1992-06970-001) idea for a network of centers of excellence to provide postdoctoral training. It is asserted that the trend of clients using subdoctoral providers in mental health facilities will continue unless psychologists can demonstrate their ability to provide sophisticated, outcome-oriented, and cost-efficient services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Community Health Centers: Exciting Opportunities for the 21st Century.

What are important and increasingly available settings for psychologists interested in practicing primary behavioral health care? Community health centers (CHCs) represent the medical "safety net" for millions of uninsured and medically underserved Americans. The recent push to expand mental health services at CHCs creates the need for psychologists and other mental health providers, particularly those familiar with primary behavioral health care approaches. Federal funding to recruit and retain psychologists at CHCs has increased along with opportunities for multidisciplinary service approaches and training. The potential ways in which psychologists can respond to demonstrated societal needs and develop new clinical skills and methods at CHCs are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Income of industrial and organizational psychologists.

Presents results from a continuing, systematic survey of 543 industrial and organizational psychologists of the American Psychological Association to provide a broad overview of remuneration patterns and income trends. Income distributions of industrial and organizational psychologists vary over a wide range and are influenced by certain factors, e.g., type of employment, age, sex, experience, and work activity. Percentile distributions are provided to serve as income norms relevant for various groups of industrial and organizational psychologists. Trends for 1960-1970 are illustrated and adjusted for inflationary effects. Industrial and organizational psychologists experienced substantial growth in real income, especially in their starting salaries. Also investigated were effects of supplementary income and job changes on income. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Labor market adjustments in psychology.

Presents a relatively simple economic model of the market for psychologists as an attempt to answer questions relating to (a) changes in the labor market for psychologists and other scientists, (b) variance over time in the number of college students choosing psychology, and (c) rate of salary increase. The model is based on supply, demand, and their interaction. The economic analysis of professional markets is based on response to salaries by students and experienced specialists, adjustment of salaries to changes in market conditions, and response of employers to salaries. Depending on time patterns of response, analysis generated cobweb, incomplete, and simultaneous adjustment mechanisms. The increasing role of the federal government in professional markets is seen as an important determinant of supply and demand. The economic model is discussed in relation to issues relating to (a) long-term changes in the supply of psychologists, (b) post-World War II changes in supply and salary, (c) the reallocation of specialists among industrial sectors and subfields, and (d) the future state of the market. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Postdoctoral training in clinical psychology: A preliminary report by an interest group.

3 purposes of this paper are: "to bring to those concerned with the education of psychologists some information about postdoctoral training in clinical psychology and some thinking of an interest group actively concerned with this problem, to call to the attention of potential candidates postdoctoral training opportunities which now exist, and to invite correspondence and future participation from interested institutions and individuals." 19 centers offering postdoctoral fellowships and their training directors are listed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Challenge of human service programs for psychologists.

The rationale for, and the manner in which, mental health services are provided in 1971 differs significantly from the patterns of a decade ago. The perspective and activities have expanded from the isolated clinic to the more encompassing community mental health program. During the 1970's psychologists will be challenged to evolve the scope even further by designing far-flung human service systems which seek to provide comprehensive and coordinated assistance to clients. 4 prominent alternative program structures are arising at the community level: information and referral centers, diagnostic centers, multiservice centers, and human services networks. It is predicted that psychologists may well be required to redesign their (a) practice, by developing job roles in nonpsychiatric settings; (b) research, by increased use of the ecological model for the resolution of pressing social problems; and (c) training, by expanded use of multidisciplinary settings offering broadly defined rather than narrowly circumscribed work experiences. (22 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical Psychologists as Psychotherapists: History, Future, and Alternatives.

As managed care and other cost-containment strategies become centralfeatures of the American health care system, doctoral-level clinical psychologists will be increasingly supplanted in the role of psychotherapist by lower cost providers such as social workers, marriage and family counselors, and masters-level psychologists. To provide one basis for clinical psychologists to make judgments about their role in psychotherapy, this article describes what the field was like before psychotherapy became a core activity and then compares the present transition with its historical counterpart: the opening up of the psychotherapy profession to doctoral-level clinical psychologists after World War II. History suggests that efforts to resist the current changes will be unsuccessful and that the most adaptive coping strategy for clinical psychologists is to take advantage of the transition by re-envisioning training and practice of clinical psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A survey of group psychotherapy training during predoctoral psychology internship.

Do psychologists receive sufficient training in group psychotherapy? Existing literature indicates that comprehensive training standards have not been universally or rigorously followed within the field of psychology. Results of this study indicate that, much like graduate school programs, predoctoral clinical psychology internships also do not routinely provide adequate group therapy training. This deficit in training undermines the proficiency and competency of psychologists who will increasingly be called upon to lead psychotherapy groups in clinical practice. Specific recommendations are provided to training directors who are interested in expanding their group therapy training opportunities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)