太阳能屋顶光伏发电系统设计及效益分析

太阳能发电可分为光发电和热发电两种,其中光发电是不通过热转换直接将太阳光转换成电的方式,也称为光伏发电。太阳能光伏发电是新能源利用的重要领域。文中基于实例分析了屋顶光伏发电系统的大量实际数据,表明了太阳能屋顶光伏发电系统具有良好的社会、经济效益和广阔的发展前景,为今后屋顶光伏发电系统设计和推广提供参考依据。     

基于光电检测的光伏发电追踪系统设计与实现

在现代太阳能发展过程中,太阳能光伏发电为重要研究内容,发展前景广阔。但由于太阳能具有强度和方向不确定性的特点,收集太阳能的难度较高。目前,对光伏发电系统进行固定方式的安装,发电系统成本较高,且发电效率较低。为使此问题得到解决,须对太阳开展自动跟踪。文章设计了光伏发电追踪系统,使发电效率得到提高。     

重磅！比亚迪半导体发布光伏逆变专用IGBT！助力绿色电力光伏领域

<正>在“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下,太阳能、风能、热能、生物能等可再生能源的规模化应用成为世界能源发展的必然趋势。在众多发电技术中,太阳能光伏发电是绿色环保概念中的重要发电方式之一,而光伏逆变器是太阳能光伏发电的核心设备,光伏逆变器的性能可以影响整个光伏系统的平稳性、发电效率和使用年限。     

浅谈光伏电缆的研制

随着太阳能的开发和利用,光伏发电已成为开发太阳能的主要途径,积极开发作为传输部件的光伏电缆具有重要意义。为了满足光伏系统在户外恶劣环境条件下的工作要求,开发了太阳能发电用光伏电缆,它具有耐高低温性能好、耐紫外线能力强、耐酸碱化学腐蚀性高、耐磨性能好、使用寿命长及低烟无卤阻燃等优点。     

基于太阳能光伏发电现状的研究

太阳能是一种可持续利用的环保能源,充分开发利用好太阳能,是世界各国在能源方面可持续发展的重要战略。太阳能光伏发电系统是借助相关设备将太阳能转换成电能的系统,我国有着非常丰富的太阳能资源,开发和利用太阳能发电前景光明,光伏发电技术未来必将成为我国发电行业的主力。     

浅谈光伏发电技术与建筑建设

正太阳能是一种清洁、高效和永不衰竭的新能源。全球光伏发电已经超过40GW,欧洲光伏发电的增长已经超过了风电,光伏发电已经成为仅次于水电、风电的第三大可再生能源发展电源。而光伏发电具有安全可靠、无噪声、无污染、制约少、故障率低、维护简便等优点,更是未来可持续性发展的方向。美国为促进太阳能发电的快速发展,提出了"太阳能屋顶计划"。在未来十年里,全美新建1000万个屋顶太阳能系统,以及20万个太阳能热水供暖系统。中国太阳能资源非常丰富,理论储量达每年17000亿吨标准煤,太阳能资源开发利     

谈太阳能光伏发电的前景及存在的问题

太阳能光伏发电技术的开发始于上世纪50年代,是利用太阳能和半导体器件有效地吸收太阳光辐射能,并使之转变成电能的直接发电方式,为了实现能源和环境的可持续发展,世界各国都将光伏发电视为发展的重点,使得光伏产业发展迅速。随着技术的不断进步和光伏组件成本的逐步降低,光伏发电与传统能源发电方式相比具有愈来愈显著的社会效益和经济效益。我国拥有丰富的太阳能资源,在光伏发电领域也取得了显著成绩。光伏发电系统通常采用模块化设计,具有良好的可靠性、可扩展性和可维护性,既可用于独立地向路灯等用电负载供电,也可与景观结合,为社区和建筑物供电,还能够以大规模荒漠电站形式向城市输送大量电能。     

太阳能发电技术探讨

太阳能是一种清洁能源,是未来的能源重要来源。我国已经在太阳能发电技术方面取得了一定进展,包括公用、民用两方面,均已为人们提供了更多的电力资源。太阳能发电技术方便快捷、无污染,发展十分迅速。文章从阐述太阳能发电原理出发,主要对太阳能光伏发电技术进行探讨,对国内太阳能光伏发电技术的发展现状进行分析,并结合当前形势展开远景展望。     

晶体硅太阳能电池的光伏特性研究

太阳能光伏技术是把太阳的光能转换成电能的主要方式。目前主要的太阳能光伏转换器件有硅太阳能电池,砷化镓太阳电池,燃料敏华太阳电池和薄膜太阳电池等。其中,硅太阳电池是主要技术。对光伏电池输出特性进行深入广泛的研究具有重要意义。在分析太阳能光伏发电的基本原理基础上,研究了太阳能电池的I-V特性、照度特性,然后对光伏实验系统进行了相关的测试。     

汉高Tom Adcock 看好中国光伏行业发展前景

近两年,随着以光伏太阳能发电(PV)为标志的全球绿色能源经济的兴起,中国在全球太阳能硅片及太阳能组件的生产领域逐渐上升为全球第一大国。2010年12月,财政部、科技部、住房和城乡建设部、国家能源局等四部门联合在北京召开加快推进国内光伏发电规模化应用会议,公布了首批13个光伏发电集中应用示范区名单,并确定2012年以后每年国内应用规模不低于1000兆瓦,形成持续稳定、不断扩大的光伏发电应用市场。2010年中国光伏太阳能行业有哪些重要进展?中国光伏行业前景如何?中国光伏企业如何保持持续运营?具有传统优势的材料供应商,又将在这一新兴行业有何作为及贡献?本刊特邀汉高光伏解决方案市场经理Tom Adcock为我们解读2011年中国光伏行业发展趋势。     

2kW沼光互补一体化智能发电系统研究

以当前广泛研究的新能源（太阳能、沼气）应用为研究对象,介绍了沼光互补一体化智能发电系统的组成及光伏逆变器和智能控制板的软硬件设计。光伏逆变器采用单相全桥结构,基于TMS320LF2407 DSP实现了反孤岛检测控制和MPPT控制。智能控制器通过电压、光强采样,实现了沼气发电、太阳能发电和蓄电池供电的智能切换和太阳跟随控制。经组装测试,系统成功实现了沼光互补发电,技术指标达到了工业级要求。     

n型硅双面发电光伏组件及其应用

n型硅双面发电光伏(PV)电池组件具有光致衰减小、弱光响应好、温度系数低等优势,正面和反面均具有把光能转换成电能的能力.通过研究双面发电PV组件的结构和制备技术,成功研发了高效率低成本的n型硅双面发电PV组件.与单面发电光伏组件相比,双面发电PV组件输出功率更大,从而降低其在光伏系统应用中的综合成本.对双面发电光伏组件在白石子、绿草地和沙地等三种典型环境进行测试并获得实验数据,结果表明,在白石子环境下双面发电光伏组件较单面组件的发电量增加20％,发电量增量最高;其次是沙地环境,发电量增量为8.06％;绿草地环境的发电量增量最低,发电量增量仅为4.69％.通过实验应用研究得出不同反射环境下的发电量数据,可供后续双面发电PV组件电站系统设计做参考.     

Control strategies of energy storage limiting intermittent output of solar power generation: Planning and evaluation for participation in electricity market

Renewable energy generation cannot be consistently predicted or controlled. Therefore, it is currently not widely used in the electricity market, which requires dependable production. In this study, reliability- and variance-based controls of energy storage strategies are proposed to utilize renewable energy as a steady contributor to the electricity market. For reliability-based control, photovoltaic (PV) generation is assumed to be registered in the power generation plan. PV generation yields a reliable output using energy storage units to compensate for PV prediction errors. We also propose a runtime state-of-charge management method for sustainable operations. With variance-based controls, changes in rapid power generation are limited through ramp rate control. This study introduces new reliability and variance indices as indicators for evaluating these strategies. The reliability index quantifies the degree to which the actual generation realizes the plan, and the variance index quantifies the degree of power change. The two strategies are verified based on simulations and experiments. The reliability index improved by 3.1 times on average over 21 days at a real power plant.     

International energy agency photovoltaic power systems implementing agreement

Photovoltaic system technology fully meets the shared goals adopted in June 1993 by the IEA ministers, particularly with reference to diversity, flexibility and environmental sustainability within the energy sector. PV for the power generation sector is seen as ‘one of the priority activities on which additional collaboration efforts should be focused’. The IEA Cooperation Agreement on Photovoltaic Power Systems (PVPS), established in 1993, is an effort of 20 countries focused on the planning, design, construction, operation performance and promotion of PV power systems. The mission of the programme is: to enhance the international collaboration efforts through which photovoltaic solar energy becomes a significant energy option in the near future. Efforts are also undertaken to enhance transfer of knowledge to developing countries interested in applying PV power systems for both autonomous and grid connected applications.     

MODBUS通讯协议在光伏发电能源管理控制器中的应用研究

针对光伏产业以及工业过程控制技术的迅猛发展,本文探讨了MODBUS通讯协议在能源管理控制器与后台模拟工具之间的应用研究.阐述了MODBUS RTU通讯协议的工作机制以及相关的流程图,实现了python语言开发的后台模拟工具和能源管理控制器之间的通讯,并得到了准确的实验验证.同时,简要叙述了光伏发电系统的总体设计和工作原理.     

Relative performance of tracking versus fixed tilt photovoltaic systems in the USA

Tracking systems can increase the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) modules, by actively orienting each module to intercept more solar energy. We find that horizontal one‐axis tracking systems can increase PV generation by 12–25% relative to south‐facing fixed mount PV systems with 25° tilts in the contiguous USA, and two‐axis tracking systems can increase PV generation by 30–45% relative to fixed mount systems. Tracking systems increase PV generation more significantly in arid regions such as the southwest USA than in humid regions with persistent cloud cover such as the Pacific Northwest and coastal Atlantic states. We find that fixed and tracking PV systems have similar interannual variability in their generation profiles, and this variability is primarily driven by project location. Tracking PV projects cost more than fixed tilt systems, per unit capacity, and we explore how much more tracking projects could cost while generating similar levelized costs of energy as fixed tilt systems. We define this as the breakeven additional cost of tracking and find that it is primarily driven by three factors: (i) regional tracking performance, (ii) fixed tilt system costs that tracking projects compete against, and (iii) additional tracking operation and maintenance costs. Using this framework, we explore the relative competitiveness of tracking systems for a range of fixed and tracking PV prices and evaluate how tracking competitiveness varies by region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reliability Terminology and Formulae for Photovoltaic Power Systems

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy systems operate in a unique environment compared with most electronic and electrical power generation systems. The input stimulus, solar radiation, is both highly variable and noncontrollable. This presents a certain amount of difficulty in measuring and reporting reliability, maintainability, and availability characteristics. Many of the terms, definitions, and performance indices employed in other fields do not directly apply and need to be revised (tailored) to the PV technology. This paper proposes reliability and availability terms, definitions, performance indices, and mathematical expressions. The rationale for their relevance in photovoltaic solar energy technology and applications is given. There is a need to provide uniform terminology and formulae, for effective communication. Such communication promotes the orderly development of a uniform and effective reliability methodology for PV systems and components. The material draws extensively from ANSI/IEEE Standard-762, which defines reliability, availability, and productivity terms for electric power generation systems. This paper extends the standard terminology to include PV power systems. The unique characteristics of the PV array and the variability of input energy are described. The language will grow as PV technology and associated reliability and maintenance methodology are further developed.     

An Efficient Wind–Photovoltaic Hybrid Generation System Using Doubly Excited Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machine

With ever-increasing concerns on energy issues, the development of renewable energy sources is becoming more and more attractive. This paper first reviews both the wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power generation techniques and their maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) methods. Then, a new stand-alone wind–PV hybrid generation system is proposed for application to remote and isolated areas. For the wind power generation branch, a new doubly excited permanent-magnet brushless machine is used to capture the maximum wind power by using online flux control. For the PV power generation branch, a single-ended primary inductance converter is adopted to harness the maximum solar power by tuning the duty cycle. The experimental results confirm that the proposed hybrid generation system can provide high efficiency with the use of MPPT.      

基于PID神经网络的太阳能光伏发电并网逆变技术

随着能源危机的进一步加剧和光伏并网发电成本的持续降低,光伏并网发电技术的应用越来越广泛,研究并优化其逆变方式、并网算法,具有相当大的现实意义。针对电网中的负载扰动,提出了一种将PID控制规律融合进神经网络之中的新的控制策略,抑制负载扰动。改善稳态情况下并网电流波形,同时提高了系统的动态响应性能。通过理论分析和仿真结果证明了太阳能光伏发电系统拓扑结构及控制算法的正确性、可行性和高效性。     

Energy payback and life‐cycle CO2 emissions of the BOS in an optimized 3·5 MW PV installation

This study is a life‐cycle analysis of the balance of system (BOS) components of the 3·5 MW_p multi‐crystalline PV installation at Tucson Electric Power's (TEP) Springerville, AZ field PV plant. TEP instituted an innovative PV installation program guided by design optimization and cost minimization. The advanced design of the PV structure incorporated the weight of the PV modules as an element of support design, thereby eliminating the need for concrete foundations. The estimate of the life‐cycle energy requirements embodied in the BOS is 542 MJ/m², a 71% reduction from those of an older central plant; the corresponding life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions are 29 kg CO₂ eq./m². From field measurements, the energy payback time (EPT) of the BOS is 0·21 years for the actual location of this plant, and 0·37 years for average US insolation/temperature conditions. This is a great improvement from the EPT of about 1·3 years, estimated for an older central plant. The total cost of the balance of system components was $940 US per kW_p of installed PV, another milestone in improvement. These results were verified with data from different databases and further tested with sensitivity‐ and data‐uncertainty analyses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.