单晶高温合金溅射NiCrAlY微晶涂层的循环氧化行为

采用磁控溅射方法在镍基单晶高温合金基体上制备日 粒平均尺寸小于100nm的Ni-30Cr-12Al-0.3Y微晶涂层;并对基体和涂层在1050℃下的抗循环氧化行为进行了研究。结果表明：基体经过2次循环后,氧化膜即出现剥落,基体表面形成的氧化物主要是NiO和Cr2O3,保护性能不及Al2O3;而微晶涂层在循环氧化过程中形成Al2O3保护膜,经过100次循环后Al2O3氧化膜仍完好无损,真空热处理提高了涂层氧化膜形成的均匀性。     

钽的添加对Ni-5Al和Ni-10Al合金高温抗氧化机理的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了添加不同质量分数(0～7%)钽的Ni-5Al和Ni-10Al镍基高温合金,通过1 100℃×100 h的高温氧化试验研究了钽的添加对这2种合金高温抗氧化机理的影响。结果表明：添加相同含量钽的Ni-10Al合金单位面积氧化质量增量高于Ni-5Al合金;钽的添加促进了Ni-5Al合金氧化膜中NiO的长大和NiTa₂O₆的生成,随着氧化过程进行,Al₂O₃和NiAl₂O₄组成的氧化层在NiO/基体界面处生成,阻碍了合金的进一步氧化;添加钽的Ni-10Al合金表面氧化膜包括外侧致密NiO氧化层以及内侧疏松的由NiO、Al₂O₃、NiAl₂O₄和NiTa₂O₆组成的氧化层,内氧化层中存在细小孔洞,该合金较差的高温抗氧化性与疏松的氧化膜以及氧化膜内缺陷和NiTa₂O₆的形成...     

铜合金表面镍基渗层制备及在800 ℃的氧化行为

选用镍基合金粉末作为铸渗剂,利用负压铸渗工艺在铜合金表面制备了镍基渗层,用SEM、EDS、XRD对表面渗层的显微结构、成分变化以及相组成进行了分析;并研究了表面渗层在800 ℃的氧化行为.结果表明:渗层结构由表面烧结层、中间冶金熔合层和内层扩散层三层组成;渗层元素从表面到基体呈梯度变化;渗层表面氧化后生成了含有NiO、Cr2O3和NiCr2O4的致密氧化膜,氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律,与基体相比抗氧化性能显著提高.     

NiCoCrAlY-ZrO2·Y2O3涂层在1100℃不同时间的氧化行为

采用电子束、原子束、离子束技术在基体上沉积NiCoCrAlY-ZrO2·Y2O3热障复合涂层，对其进行了1100℃不同时间的等温氧化试验，用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层进行观察和分析。结果表明：涂层的氧化行为基本遵循抛物线规律；随着氧化时间的增加，表面陶瓷层厚度逐渐减少；表面发生铬氧化物的富集，同时由于表面钇的偏聚对表面铬氧化物起钉扎作用，从而使含钇的铬氧化物在涂层的抗氧化中起了主要贡献；镍、钴等脆性氧化物发生剥落的同时，导致了铝氧化物的耗损；300h氧化后陶瓷层与合金层仍具有良好的结合。     

稀土钇含量对B10铜合金组织和性能的影响

用中频真空感应炉制备了不同钇含量的B10铜合金,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机、维氏硬度计和电化学工作站等研究了稀土钇含量对合金显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:微量稀土钇可显著细化晶粒,提高合金的强度和硬度;随钇含量增加,合金的晶粒尺寸先减小后略有增大,强度和硬度先增大后略降低,塑性则变化不大;添加微量稀土钇后,腐蚀表面膜和B10铜合金基体的结合力增强,耐腐蚀性能得到提高;随稀土钇含量增加,合金的冲刷腐蚀速率先降低后略升高,电荷转移电阻Rt和氧化膜层电阻Rf均先增加后有所降低。     

强流脉冲离子束辐照涡轮叶片表面的清洗加工

利用强流脉冲离子束辐照的冲击加工作用，进行涡轮叶片表面氧化物的清洗加工。强流脉冲离子束的束斑面积为10～100cm^2，离子能量为300keV，束流密度为350A／cm^2，在辐照2～20次条件下，涡轮叶片基体表面因高温氧化形成的氧化物层完全去除；辐照表面微米深度浅层的快速熔化凝固，使叶片基体表面的微观缺陷焊合。通过强流脉冲离子束辐照，获得了光滑、平整的涡轮叶片基体表面，实现了涡轮叶片表面的清洗维修。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在900～1150℃的氧化行为

为研究Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在高温条件下的可应用性,采用XRD、SEM、EDS等方法分析了该陶瓷在900～1 150℃的氧化行为及其机理。结果表明:在900～1 150℃范围内,陶瓷氧化程度随氧化温度的升高而显著增加,其质量增加曲线近似呈抛物线形;在900℃空气中氧化100 h后,陶瓷表面生成致密氧化膜(NiO+TiO_2),厚度小于10μm,对基体具有保护作用;而在1 150℃条件下,在致密层氧化膜(NiO+TiO_2)表面衍生出岛状疏松层(TiO_2),100 h后厚度达80μm,氧化膜逐渐失去保护作用。     

离子液体在微量润滑磨削界面的摩擦学机理研究

采用电镀CBN砂轮,以镍基合金GH4169为工件材料,实验研究了两种离子液体的微量润滑磨削加工性能,分别是1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(［BMIM］BF4)和1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(［HMIM］BF4),并采用分子动力学模拟,揭示了离子液体在磨粒/工件界面物理吸附膜的形成机制,进一步开展了工件已加工表面的X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析,揭示了离子液体在磨粒/工件界面化学反应膜的形成机制。研究结果表明：上述两种离子液体适合作为磨削液应用于微量润滑磨削加工中,既能较干磨大幅降低磨削比能和磨削力比,提高工件已加工表面质量,又能较干磨大幅降低磨削温度达100 ℃以上,避免磨削烧伤;磨粒磨钝表面由于微破碎所形成的凹槽状断口是离子液体进入磨粒/工件界面的输运通道,离子液体分子通过吸附在凹槽状断口内形成边界润滑膜,通过减小磨粒工件之间的直接接触面积来减小摩擦力;在微量润滑磨削加工过程中,以上两种离子液体均与工件在磨削界面上发生化学反应,形成了氟化物与氧化物共存的化学反应膜。     

稀土元素钇对Laves相NbCr_2合金在1100℃氧化行为的影响

采用机械合金化及热压烧结工艺制备了掺杂0.07%～1.35%(质量分数)稀土元素钇的Laves相NbCrz合金,研究了钇含量对NbCrz合金在1 100℃氧化行为的影响,并探讨了其作用机制.结果表明:只有添加适量的钇(0.07%～0.14%)才能降低NbCr2合金的氧化速率,提高NbCr2合金的抗氧化性能;NbCr2合金高温抗氧化性能的提高,主要是由于稀土元素钇增强了氧化膜与基体的结合性能.     

铁、镍基高温合金疲劳断口特征分析

本文用金相表面观察及断口金相分析的方法得到铁镍基高温合金疲劳裂纹萌生在孪晶与基体界面、夹杂物(碳氮化钛)与基体界面以及表面或内部疏松夹渣等冶金缺陷上的实验证据。用扫描电镜及透射电镜观察了大量的这类合金高周、低周疲劳断口,特别对铸造镍基高温合金第一阶段断口进行了细致的观察,讨论了第一阶段疲劳断口的形成机制、性质,并总结了镍基合金第一阶段断口与体心立方金属解理断口的差别,依据一种铸造镍基合金不同应力、温度、试样形状等条件下疲劳断口的特征时影响第一阶段疲劳裂纹扩展的因素进行了分析。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.