基于情绪体验的ASD儿童干预机器人造型研究

目的 为提升ASD儿童干预机器人的训练效果,为教辅人员、设计师等提供参考,提出以ASD儿童情绪体验特点为基础的干预机器人拟人化造型特征评价方法。方法 对市场上的机器人造型样本进行拟人度评分,并从中选取代表性样本;从20余项HRV指标中筛选出8项代表性指标,通过HRV实验收集数据;使用改进的PAD情绪量表获取ASD儿童情绪体验主观得分;通过逐步回归法筛选出对情绪体验得分影响较大的HRV指标;以HRV指标为自变量、情绪体验得分为因变量,建立回归关系,为ASD儿童干预机器人造型的设计和方案评价提供理论依据。结果 研究表明,几何型机器人往往带来“放松的”情绪体验,类人型机器人会带来“高兴的”情绪体验,而真人型机器人则可能带来“焦虑的”情绪体验。同时,ASD儿童的愉悦度、唤醒度、优势度与HRV指标之间存在一定的相关性。结论 将改进的PAD情绪量表应用于ASD儿童干预机器人的造型评价中,建立情绪体验和HRV指标之间的回归模型,为设计和评估适合ASD儿童的机器人提供了理论依据,更好地促进了ASD儿童干预机器人的发展。     

基于ARCS的ASD儿童绘本角色设计研究

目的 为提升ASD儿童情绪学习动机,探究不同角色形象在基本情绪学习中的激发作用,以绘本角色造型为切入点,为绘本角色设计和干预训练提供参考。提出一种基于ARCS动机模型的角色设计研究方法。方法 首先,结合ARCS动机维度,建立了一套适用于绘本角色研究的指标体系。在文献研究的基础上,筛选出7项代表性眼动指标和1项情绪匹配数据,并利用眼动仪收集这些指标的实验数据;其次,采用熵权法计算眼动实验客观指标的权重,并使用逼近理想解法(TOPSIS)确定三大角色样本类型的综合排序。结果 研究发现,与其他类型的角色相比,在ASD儿童中,器物角色的动机反馈效果更佳,并且这几类角色对ASD儿童的眼动指标都有不同程度的影响,因此每个角色的干预效果也不尽相同。结论 将ARCS动机理论模型引入绘本角色设计中,结合眼动实验解析动机策略与角色特征元素之间的关联性,能更有效地改善干预训练中缺乏学习动机的情况;建立评价体系有助于为后续相关设计提供研究思路。     

基于视觉提示的ASD儿童绘本角色造型设计研究

目的 利用视觉提示方法解析ASD(自闭症谱系障碍)儿童对绘本角色造型的视觉意象偏好,为教辅人员及设计师等相关人员提供参考,以便更有效地拓展ASD儿童的兴趣范围,提高其主动阅读、学习的积极性。方法 首先整理目前ASD儿童阅读物中具有代表性的绘本,结合ASD儿童特点进行视觉意象分析,收集感性词汇,制作样本。然后基于视觉提示策略制作评分量表,展开实验,结合感性工学与数量化理论提取视觉意象主因子,最终得到视觉偏好与角色造型的回归关系。结论 基于视觉提示策略的ASD儿童绘本角色造型设计,包含设计中的感性因素和理性因素,能够提升绘本角色造型的趣味性和干预训练的有效性,使ASD儿童获得更深层次的交互体验,提炼出的视觉意象偏好可为后续其他类型的ASD儿童相关产品设计提供参考。     

基于眼动实验的ASD儿童陪伴机器人造型设计评价研究

目的 通过解析ASD儿童视觉偏好特征,提高陪伴机器人造型设计评价的有效性,为设计师及教辅人员提供参考。方法 首先调研整理目前市场上具有代表性的陪伴机器人造型样本,对样本进行灰度模式处理,制作亮度直方图;然后结合文献分析从30余项眼动指标中筛选出10项代表性的眼动指标,并运用眼动追踪方法展开实验,收集整理各项眼动指标数据及视觉偏好得分;接着通过逐步回归法筛选出3项对视觉偏好影响较大的眼动指标;在此基础上建立眼动指标主因子与视觉偏好之间的回归关系,并通过实验再次进行验证。结果 通过实验发现,基本几何形的陪伴机器人造型更为符合ASD儿童的视觉偏好。结论 合理解析并利用ASD儿童陪伴机器人的视觉偏好、眼动指标及造型特征的相关性,可为陪伴机器人造型设计研究提供理论依据。     

基于ASD儿童需求分析的干预APP交互设计研究

目的 目前我国自闭症谱系障碍儿童数量逐年上升,为提升ASD儿童干预APP的训练效果、提高界面设计中合理决策的效率,提出一种基于Kano-熵权法的ASD儿童需求分析方法。方法 首先,基于Kano模型收集ASD儿童干预APP的需求,并根据相对满意度系数将其分为基本型、期望型、兴奋型三类;其次,运用熵权法计算各项需求指标的客观权重值;然后,结合权重值大小与ASD儿童干预训练的相关性进行案例设计实践,并通过人机交互测试验证基于ASD儿童需求分析的干预APP是否有效地发挥了干预APP的效能。结论 融合Kano-熵权法的ASD儿童干预APP交互设计,将需求指标分为内容性、操作性和视觉性三个维度且内容性需求所占比重最大,在此基础上运用人机交互测试验证APP的干预效果,发现改进后的APP可以丰富界面内容、提升干预操作、增强视觉吸引力。基于ASD儿童需求分析的干预APP交互设计通过对内容、操作及视觉性需求的优化,能够增强指示性、延长训练时长,提升干预训练的有效性,为后续相关设计提供了参考和依据。     

基于视觉刺激的ASD儿童干预图卡角色设计研究

目的 以ASD儿童视觉刺激为基础,探寻不同视觉刺激类型的角色对干预效果的影响,为干预图卡的角色设计提供参考,提高学习质量和教育成效。方法 首先,通过对文献进行分析总结,提炼出三种不同视觉刺激类型的角色;其次,从20余项眼动指标中筛选出6项代表性眼动指标,与评价维度相结合构建干预图卡角色评价体系;再次,运用加权灰色关联度分析对三种不同视觉刺激类型的角色进行比较,得出方案的总体评分和排序;最后,逐一对吸引性、快捷性和准确性三个评价维度进行分析,之后将三个评价维度展开综合分析得出的最优方案的特征进行归纳概括,进而更好地提升干预图卡的吸引性、快捷性和准确性。结果 研究发现,不同视觉刺激类型的角色对ASD儿童生存、社交、学习能力产生不同影响。限制性兴趣刺激角色对ASD儿童的吸引性较大,非限制性兴趣刺激角色对ASD儿童提取有效信息的快捷性作用较明显,社会性兴趣刺激角色可以有效提高ASD儿童对干预图卡理解的准确性。结论 将不同刺激类型应用于干预图卡的角色设计中,能更有效提升图卡在干预过程中的吸引性、快捷性和准确性,使ASD儿童获得更深层次的干预体验,为ASD儿童干预图卡角色设计提供参考依据。     

基于AHP-熵权法的ASD儿童干预APP导航界面设计评价

目的 为提高设计师在ASD儿童干预APP导航界面设计评价阶段中进行合理决策的效率,提升ASD儿童干预APP的干预效果,提出一种基于AHP-熵权法的ASD儿童干预APP导航界面设计评价方法。方法 首先,通过文献分析,结合专家评估,构建导航界面设计的评价指标体系。其次,运用AHP和熵权法分别确定各项评价指标的权重,然后对其进行组合赋权,并通过加权计算得到较为合理的设计方案综合排序。最后,将该评价方法应用于6种干预APP导航界面的设计方案评价中,通过AHP-熵权法的综合计算筛选出最优方案,能够更好地提升导航界面的关注度、吸引力和引导性。结论 融合AHP和熵权法对ASD儿童干预APP导航界面进行研究,以期为干预APP导航界面设计提供相关的理论参考、为教辅人员和设计师提供有效的帮助。     

基于熵权法的学龄前儿童教育APP角色绘图方式评价

目的 以学龄前儿童的视觉认知特点为基础,探寻教育APP角色绘图方式的设计评价方法,并对各绘图方式进行有效评价,为设计师进行角色设计提供参考,激发儿童的学习兴趣,提升学习效率和教育效果。方法 通过文献分析和专家访谈,提炼兴趣性、显著性和引导性3个维度,结合眼动数据指标构建学龄前儿童教育APP角色绘图方式评价指标体系,运用熵权法获取各眼动评价指标的权重,然后通过加权计算得到6种绘图方式的综合得分和排序结果,筛选出各维度和综合3个维度的最优绘图方式。结果 研究发现,不同年龄段儿童对角色绘图方式的认知加工存在差异。单色平涂对低龄组儿童的兴趣性和显著性影响较大,明暗平涂对低龄组儿童的引导性作用较明显。三维渲染对大龄组儿童3个维度的影响有较大优势,同时二维渲染对大龄组儿童的显著性和引导性也具有较为显著的效果。结论 将熵权法应用于教育APP角色绘图方式设计的研究中,能更有效评价角色的兴趣性、显著性和引导性,使儿童获得更深层次的交互体验,为学龄前儿童教育APP角色设计提供参考依据。     

ASD儿童课堂扰乱行为干预产品设计研究

目的 为减少ASD儿童课堂扰乱行为达成良好的课堂干预训练效果。通过对ASD儿童扰乱行为相关影响因素进行探究,指导干预产品设计,降低ASD儿童课堂扰乱行为频率。方法 首先,基于TPB理论结合文献查阅以专家访谈对ASD儿童课堂扰乱行为进行分析筛选构造ASD儿童课堂扰乱行为影响因素集;其次,基于GREY-DEMATEL-AHDT进行模型构建,得到两组对抗性的有向拓扑层级图,并对主要要素及要素间关系分析;最后,基于关键因素开展实地观察调研,总结出ASD儿童课堂扰乱行为干预产品设计策略指导后续设计实践。结果 实验结果表明,本研究干预产品设计对ASD儿童课堂部分扰乱行为具备显著的干预作用。结论 引入TPB理论对ASD儿童个体内在因素分析,扩展了ASD课堂扰乱行为影响因素研究。且运用GREY-DEMATEL-AHDT分析结果呈现直观高效,为后续设计需求研究界定范围,可为相关产品设计提供借鉴思路。     

基于造型美学的牙科椅意象造型设计

目的提升牙科椅的情感价值,满足患者以及医护人员的感性诉求,提出基于造型美学的牙科椅意象造型设计方法。方法通过李克特量表对具有代表性的感性意象词汇对进行量化处理,采用形态分析法提取牙科椅的造型设计要素,并将提取的造型设计要素分解为造型设计类目,结合SPSS软件,运用多元线性回归方法建立感性语义与造型设计类目的关联;分析整理得出造型设计类目得分,得分值的大小体现了造型设计要素对感性语义的贡献程度;在此基础上,运用造型美学设计的加法和减法对感性语义贡献最大的设计要素类目进一步分析研究,得出满足用户感性需求的牙科椅造型设计关键点。结论这些优化点有助于牙科椅造型的精准化设计,也为后续牙科椅造型设计系统的建立提供理论依据。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from