液冷系统中均热板气液相变的热质传输模拟

为提高电池热管理液冷系统的均温性,研究一种铝槽式均热板和直流式液冷板相结合的复合液冷系统,并建立相应的三维传热模型。采用Volume-of-fluid(VOF)多相流模型,模拟均热板槽道内丙酮工质的气液相变过程,以及与液冷流道的耦合传热过程,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性。研究结果显示,均热板可以提高液冷系统散热过程中的均温性,加热表面的温差可以控制在2.72 K以内。通过机理分析发现,其原因与均热板内部气液工质的热质传输过程有关。在液冷系统冷却液沿程温升的影响下,均热板腔室中的丙酮气相工质在长度方向上存在定向输运现象,相变产生的蒸汽会携带热量从高温区往低温区流动,从而抑制液冷板低温冷却水对加热表面温度分布的影响,提高了均温性能。     

嵌入式微通道传热特性及局部热点尺度效应

通过实验测试结合理论分析,研究嵌入式微通道冷却系统的传热特性及局部热点的尺度效应. 测试芯片加工采用MEMS工艺,微通道层与顶层之间的连接采用硅硅直接键合,芯片与电路板（PCB）之间的连接采用倒装焊接. 研究结果表明,采用嵌入式微通道设计极大地缩短了微芯片到微通道的导热距离,可以显著地减小微芯片到环境的热阻. 根据测试结果可知,在100 W/cm²均匀热流密度的条件下,使用6.84 mW/cm²的泵功,可以将模拟IC热源的温升控制到小于40 K,能效比超过14 000. 在非均匀热流密度的条件下,局部热点的存在会增大导热热阻在总热阻中的占比,局部热点尺度越小,热点附近的侧向热传导越严重,导热热阻越大,这减小了对流换热热阻在热点区域总热阻中的占比,使得增大对流换热系数带来的总热阻降低效果减弱.     

泡沫铜/石蜡复合相变材料融化过程的换热特性

为了研究强化相变蓄热器的换热情况,搭建了矩形腔体内填充泡沫金属/石蜡的实验台,在恒壁温条件下,进行了泡沫金属/石蜡复合相变材料的融化蓄热实验。根据实验数据绘制了不同加热温度下石蜡内部温度随时间变化曲线,分析了腔体内自然对流对温度分布的影响、传热温差对蓄热时间的影响。结果表明,泡沫金属的高导热性能强化了石蜡在腔体内的融化过程,距离加热面较近的石蜡融化后产生的自然对流加速了剩余固态石蜡的融化;而且传热温差越大,自然对流越明显,蓄热时间越短。     

中温相变蓄热装置的蓄放热性能研究

以相变温度为80℃的相变蓄热装置为研究对象,根据建立的相变传热分析模型,应用数值模拟的方法,研究了蓄热体——相变材料的热物性参数、几何尺寸、填充率,以及热媒体——热水的流速等因素对蓄热装置蓄、放热规律及其特性的影响.研究结果表明,当板状定形相变材料的导热系数在0.4W/(m·K)左右、板厚为8 mm、相变材料的填充率在65%~75%、热媒体流速为5~8mm/s时,蓄热装置可获得较高的蓄、放热效率.     

Fabrication and thermal properties of a new heat storage concrete material

A new type heat storage concrete material used in solar thermal power was fabricated by using aluminates cement to be the gelatinizer, and using high heat capacity materials, such as basalt and bauxite, as aggregate, and adding high heat conductivity graphite and high efficient water reducing agent. The experimental results show the addition of graphite can improve the thermal conductivity of the concrete, the value of thermal conductivity is about 2.34 W/mK which means the obtained concrete storage material has excellent thermal properties, and it is expected to be a good heat storage material used in solar power.     

车用动力锂离子电池热模块与热设计的研发状况与展望

为解决锂离子动力电池（简称电池）散热问题,开发了适用于圆柱状电池的新型蜂巢式液体冷却模块.基于ANSYS FLUENT平台建立其三维热模型,对电池模块散热结构进行传热特性仿真分析,并利用试验平台进行模型验证;在此基础上,提出增设导流板的液体散热改进结构,并定量分析了电池模块在不同冷却液温度、流速条件下的三维温度分布情况.仿真与试验结果表明所建电池模块三维热模型的正确性以及散热结构的合理性;冷却液温度及流速对电池模块的温度及其分布影响显著,应加以合理的控制.

     

Particle image velocimetry for an automatic cooling device using temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid

An automatic cooling device has been developed by using a temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid as the coolant. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to measure the flow velocity of the fluid inside the loop. The efficiency of the device under varying conditions such as the heat load and the power of cooling were experimentally investigated. The effect of cooperation between external magnetic field and thermal field on the performance of the device was studied. As expected, a continuous flow induced by the thermal and magnetic field was observed in the loop, where heat was transferred by the circulating magnetic fluid. The synergic effect between the magnetic field and the temperature gradient has impact on the performance of the device.     

燃烧室席壁冷却的性能预测与实验研究

在燃烧室流动条件下，对席壁冷却火焰筒的壁温分布及壁面热流等进行了预测，并用实验加以验证．结果表明，相对于原型火焰筒的分段气膜冷却，席壁冷却具有冷却均匀、壁温低、轴向壁温梯度小等显著优点．     

复合墙体中相变层相对导热系数计算方法

目前相变材料已初步进入工程应用阶段,由于传热过程受比热、导热系数变化及相变作用的影响,相变材料不能像普通材料一样利用导热系数进行材料比选,其热工设计指标的选择具有一定的困难.为此,提出相对导热系数作为相变材料比选的热物性指标,并给出相应的计算方法用以指导相变墙体的热工设计.在一定环境条件下与定物性材料导热能力相同的导热系数定义为相变应用周期内相变材料的相对导热系数.根据此方法计算得到中国不同地区复合墙体相变层的相对导热系数,通过该参数直观地反映出相变材料层全年的动态传热特性,从而对相变材料在不同地区建筑中的应用效果进行评估.通过将不同相变层的相对导热系数进行对比,得出不同相变材料在建筑中的应用效果差异较大.本文提出的相对导热系数能够为不同环境条件下相变材料的优选进行有效指导.     

微通道内纳米流体的流动与换热特性

以不同浓度的TiO₂-水纳米流体和水为冷却工质,在扇形微通道热沉内进行流动和换热特性模拟和实验研究.模拟采用有限体积法的两相混合模型,搭建了能测量纳米流体流量、进出口压降和温度、底面加热膜温度的实验系统;工质在微通道内的雷诺数处于207~465,加热膜热流密度为2×10⁶W/m².结果显示:在扇形微通道内,纳米流体的摩擦阻力系数随Re变化趋势与水相似,且均比水大;随着Re的增大,各工质的摩擦阻力系数下降.纳米流体的传热性能强于水;随着TiO₂纳米颗粒浓度和Re的增大,Nu升高,纳米流体的强化传热能力随之提高.     

单井地热供暖关键因素分析

基于地热井内流体的流动换热方程以及岩石的能量方程,研究井直径、岩石导热系数、井深和地温梯度对采出水温度和采热功率的影响. 结果表明：单井采出水温度、采热功率和岩石温度场均随时间衰减,第1、10、20个供暖季对应的平均采热功率分别为755.01、660.02、639.42 kW,上述数据可用于热泵选型. 对于20 a的供暖期,当两井间距为200 m时不会产生热干扰;岩石导热热阻远大于井内对流热阻和井壁导热热阻,降低岩石的导热热阻是提高采热功率的最有效手段;增加井直径和岩石导热系数可以降低岩石导热热阻;岩石导热系数每增加0.5 W/（m·K）,采热功率增加100 kW;增加地温梯度和井深可以增大岩石和流体之间的传热温差,提高采热功率;地温梯度每增加10 K/km,采热功率增加213.54 kW.     

热阻网络模型在微槽冷却热沉优化设计中的应用

基于热阻网络模型,以热阻和压降作为目标函数建立了微槽冷却热沉的多目标优化模型,采用序列二次规划(SQP)方法对微槽的结构尺寸进行了优化设计。对于冷却尺寸为L×W=6 mm×6 mm,功率为100 W的芯片的热沉,优化后微槽宽度和高度分别为120μm和815μm,相应地总热阻为0.413 K/W。对优化后的微槽冷却热沉采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与热阻网络模型预测的结果吻合得很好。     

中厚、薄板快速电弧焊热循环数学模型

从电弧焊热源（电弧）在中厚、薄板对接焊时以一定速度匀速移动的实际情况出发,建立了比较适用的焊接热影响区的热循环方程,并根据焊接热影响区中某点的t8/5（或8/3）在焊接条件不变的前提下和该点与热源的距离基本无关这一事实,推导出不合被焊材料的定压比热容、热导率、密度、热扩散率等物理性能以及焊接热输入、焊接速度和板厚等参数,只含有热循环峰值温度Tmax、焊件初始温度T0及t8/5（或t8/3）等参量的热循环数学模型,从而简化了计算,方便了应用。     

发动机冷却系统内纳米流体强化换热模拟

为了提高发动机的经济性、可靠性,研究了以纳米流体作为冷却系统内的新型高效换热工质时的传热效果.分别对水、TiO2纳米流体、Al2O3纳米流体和CuO纳米流体的冷却效果进行了模拟研究,得到了冷却系统的换热系数及压力分布图.研究结果表明:TiO2、Al2O3和CuO这3种纳米流体能显著提高发动机的散热性能,与水相比,三者的平均表面换热系数分别提升了10.82%、8.43%和11.24%,而泵功则分别只增加了1.06%、1.30%和1.98%.以纳米流体作为冷却介质时,能以很小的泵功损失增加量带来换热系数的大幅度提高,有利于增强冷却系统的换热.     

Experimental and numerical study on a micro jet cooling solution for high power LEDs

An active cooling solution based on close-looped micro impinging jet is proposed for high power light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this system, a micro pump is utilized to enable the fluid circulation, impinging jet is used for heat exchange between LED chips and the present system. To check the feasibility of the present cooling system, the preliminary experiments are conducted without the intention of parameter opti-mization on micro jet device and other system components. The experiment results demonstrate that the present cooling system can achieve good cooling effect. For a 16.4 W input power, the surface temperature of 2 by 2 LED array is just 44.2℃ after 10 min operation, much lower than 112.2℃, which is measured without any active cool-ing techniques at the same input power. Experimental results also show that increase in the flow rate of micro pump will greatly enhance the heat transfer efficiency, how-ever, it will increase power consumption. Therefore, it should have a trade-off be-tween the flow rate and the power consumption. To find a suitable numerical model for next step parameter optimization, numerical simulation on the above experiment system is also conducted in this paper. The comparison between numerical and ex-periment results is presented. For two by two chip array, when the input power is 4 W, the surface average temperature achieved by a steady numerical simulation is 34℃, which is close to the value of 32.8℃ obtained by surface experiment test. The simu-lation results also demonstrate that the micro jet device in the present cooling sys-tem needs parameter optimization.     

Heat transfer of micro-droplet during free fall in drop tube

To explore the heat transfer of micro-droplet during free fall in the drop tube, the falling velocity and microgravity level are calculated. The Newtonian heat transfer formulation is coupled with the classical heat conduction equation to predict the heat transfer process within micro-droplet. Based on the numerical solution by finite difference method with implicit Euler scheme, the temporal evolution of thermal information inside micro-droplet is obtained including the temperature distribution, cooling rate, temperature difference and gradient. To quantitatively reveal the mechanism how the various factors affect the heat transfer of micro-droplet, the effects of physical properties of liquid metal and cooling gas as well as the micro-droplet size are studied. As the important indicators of heat transfer process, the cooling rate and temperature difference are acquired to systematically investigate the relationship between thermophysical properties and heat transfer process of different metallic micro-droplets.     

平板微热管阵列相变蓄热装置蓄/放热性能

为提高相变蓄热装置的性能,基于平板热管技术设计了一套相变蓄热装置,将熔点58益的工业石蜡作为该蓄热装置的蓄热材料,对平板微热管阵列在蓄/放热过程的均温性能、蓄热装置内部石蜡温度变化以及蓄热装置的蓄/放热效率进行实验分析,同时对不同供/取热流体温度和流量的实验条件下蓄热装置蓄/放热特性进行研究.结果表明：平板微热管阵列在蓄/放热过程中性能稳定,蓄热装置蓄/放热效果良好;在供/取热流体流量为2.0 L/min,供热流体温度为80益,取热流体温度为20益的实验条件下,计算得到该蓄热装置平均蓄热功率、放热功率分别为662、764 W.     

Analysis of disagreement between numerically predicted and experimental heat transfer data of impinging jet

1 INTRODUCTIONI mpinging jet (IJ) , with high heat and masstransfer rates have been widely usedin a number ofindustrial areas ranging from thermal drying ofcontinuous sheets , production of foodstuffs toelectronic component cooling, annealing of metalsheets ,tempering of glass ,and cooling of turbinevanes . Over the past 30 years , experi mental andnumerical investigations of flow and heat transfercharacteristics with single or multiple jets havebeen a very hot research field. Due to the …     

有机相变储热复合材料的储/放热性能研究

以高孔隙率泡沫石墨材料作为骨架在真空环境下吸附石蜡,制备而成新型有机相变储热复合材料。利用HotDisk热常数分析仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了其热性能,结果证明复合材料的导热能力得到了极大强化。对分别填充了复合材料和纯石蜡的以水作为热媒的储热槽进行了实验研究,重点考察了两者在储热和放热过程中的温度均匀性、储能速率及泡沫石墨对石蜡相变的影响,同时就泡沫石墨的孔隙率大小对复合材料导热性能和储能速率的影响规律进行了对比分析。研究表明,复合材料的相变温度区间基本不变,导热性能提高了21倍,相变时间缩短了56%以上,相变界面移动加快,储热槽的储热、放热性能和储能密度有了很大提高;不同孔隙率会影响复合材料的导热系数、储能速率和储能容量,在提高储能速率和保证储能容量两者之间,选择孔隙率为91%的泡沫石墨作为复合材料骨架应是一最佳值。     

Numerical study on the thermal performance of packed-bed latent heat thermal energy storage system with biomimetic alveoli structure capsule

Bionics provides a positive and beneficial impact on the development of various materials and systems, which has been widely used in energy storage, heat transfer enhancement, and solar thermochemical reactions. In this paper, the idea of heat storage unit with biomimetic alveoli structure is proposed and introduced to increase the heat transfer area and improve the thermal performance of the packed-bed latent heat thermal energy storage(LHTES) system. The effects of heat storage unit structure on temperature distribution, liquid fraction, thermal storage capacity, and other performance indexes of the conventional model and biomimetic model are analyzed. The numerical results indicate that the biomimetic alveoli structure can improve the thermal response of heat storage unit, increase the specific surface area, and achieve a faster heat storage process of the packed-bed compared with the conventional structure. Among various existing models, the double-cell model has a significant improvement.Compared with the conventional model, the maximum increase of liquid fraction and charging efficiency are 9.8% and 6.4%,respectively. This study can provide references to optimize packed-bed LHTES and improve its thermal performance under practical conditions.