Numerical investigation of cavity flow at subsonic and transonic speeds

Based on finite volume method,subsonic and transonic flow in 3-D cavity of different lengthto-depth ratios are numerically investigated by using Navier-Stokes equations with k-ωSST two-equation turbulence model and coupled implicit algorithm.The cavity streamline patterns and the static pressure coefficient distributions on the cavity floor are shown,and the flow characteristics of the cavity and the floor pressure coefficient distributions are analyzed.Numerical results demonstrate that the flow characteristics of the cavity at subsonic and transonic speeds are different from that of supersonic ones;length-to-depth ratio is the main factor that affects the flow characteristics of the cavity at subsonic and transonic speeds and causes changes of the cavity flow type;Mach number has a neglectable effect on the cavity flow fields at subsonic and transonic speeds and the cavity floor pressure distributions.     

Numerical investigation on the thermal protection mechanism for blunt body with forward-facing cavity

Numerical experiments are carried out using the standard hypersonic ballistic-type model (HB-2) to investigate the effect of forward-facing cavity on the aerodynamic heating. A general concept is proposed which utilizes the flow disturbances generated passively in the nosed subsonic region to weaken the detached shock wave. Several aspects are mainly studied, including shock shape and standoff distance, surface heat flux and pressure, flowfield feature and cooling mechanism. The numerical results indicate that shock strength and standoff distance increase with an increase in the L/D ratio of the cavity. Interestingly, a bulge structure of the detached shock associated with a deep cavity is observed for the first time. Local surface heat flux and pressure around the concave nose are much lower respectively than those at the stagnation point of the baseline model. In addition, both surface heat and pressure reductions are proportional to the L/D ratio. A negative heating phenomenon may occur in the vicinity of a sharp lip or on the base wall of a deep cavity. If the L/D ratio exceeds 0.7, the detached shock appears as a self-sustained oscillation which can be referred to as the cooling mechanism.     

Numerical analysis of bump foil bearings without nominal radial clearance

Bump foil bearings without nominal radial clearance were analyzed. An air film thickness model and a bearing theoretical analytical model were developed accounting for air compressibility and foil deformation. To analyze hydrodynamic characteristics of bump foil bearings with different operating eccentricities, the air film thickness equation and Reynolds equation were coupled through pressure and solved by Newton-Raphson Method （NRM） and Finite Difference Method （FDM）. The characteristics of an bump foil bearing model were discussed including load carrying capacity, film thickness and pressure distributions. The results of simulation show that bump foil bearing without nominal radial clearance can provide better stability and greater load capaci- ty. This numerical analytical method also reveals a good convergence in numerical calculation.     

高速旋转小球入水空泡特性数值模拟

为了深入研究旋转体入水空泡特性,采用VOF均值多相流模型、k-ω湍流模型以及动网格技术,开展了低弗劳德数条件下高速旋转小球入水过程空泡特性的数值模拟研究.分析已公开发表的关于运动体入水数值仿真的相关论文,总结了入水数值模拟的最优参数选择,建立了适用于高速旋转小球入水数值模拟方法.开展不同入水速度和比重的小球入水过程的数值模拟,对比分析了入水空泡的形成、发展、闭合和溃灭的演化过程.数值计算结果表明:高速旋转小球在入水深度0.25d范围内出现逆升力偏移现象,逆升力偏移距离随小球速度和比重的增加而减小;逆升力的大小与入水速度成反比,而与比重无关.相同比重的小球,不同入水速度的轨迹相似;速度相同的小球,比重越大的轨迹曲率较小.高速旋转小球入水空泡依次发生纵向闭合和横向闭合的二次闭合的现象,且入水速度越大,纵向闭合越明显.空泡闭合深度、空泡最大直径以及尾空泡直径均随着速度和比重的增加而增大,且速度变化产生的影响更加明显.     

Numerical investigation into effect of rear barrier pillar on stress distribution around a longwall face

Numerical investigation was performed to examine the effect of rear barrier pillar on stress distribution around a longwall face. Salamon theoretical formula was used to calculate the parameters of the caving zone, which was later assigned to double yield constitutive model in FLAC3 D. Numerical results demonstrate that high stress concentration zone exists above the region where the second open-off cut intersects with the rear barrier pillar due to stress transfer and plastic zone expansion. It is also found that the maximum vertical stresses with varied distance to the seam floor are all within the projective plane of the rear barrier pillar and their positions concentrate on the barrier pillar adjacent to the connection corner of the second open-off cut. In addition, position of the maximum vertical stresses abruptly transfer from the connection corner adjacent to former panel to that adjacent to current panel along the panel direction.     

长短叶片半开式离心叶轮内部流动的数值模拟

为了分析分流叶片对于半开式离心叶轮内部流动的影响，对轴向间隙为1.1 mm的4长叶片和4长4短叶片的两种半开式低比转速高速离心叶轮进行了研究.采用S A湍流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程，对叶轮内部的流动进行了三维紊流数值计算和分析；并对离心泵进行了试验研究.数值计算结果表明，分流短叶片可以改善叶轮内部的流动；两个叶轮内部的静压力都由叶片进口到出口逐渐升高，等静压曲线几乎是沿圆周方向的；具有分流叶片的叶轮出口的压力系数较高.实验结果表明，具有分流叶片的叶轮离心泵的扬程和效率较高，说明分流叶片可以提高离心泵的性能.     

加装涡流发生器S形进气道迎角特性数值研究

为了研究加装涡流发生器后S形进气道在不同来流迎角下的内流特性,利用CFD方法对加装涡流发生器前后的S形进气道迎角特性进行了数值仿真,首先通过在已有的S形进气道内部安装涡流发生器来改善出口流场分布,给出了涡流发生器的设计参数,包括导流叶片的高度、弦长、攻角和安装站位(轴向站位和横向站位),其次,分析了不同迎角下,加装涡流发生器前后S形进气道内流特性的变化．分析结果表明,在正负10°迎角范围内,加装涡流发生器都能够改善S形进气道出口流场品质,周向畸变指数平均下降0.1,但对出口总压恢复系数没有改善．在大迎角情况下,由于进口气流产生分离,涡流发生器已无法对来流进行有效的导向作用,从而导致出口流场变得异常紊乱,周向畸变指数陡增．这些分析结果对涡流发生器的设计有一定的指导意义．     

不同挡板结构对油箱内油液晃动特性的数值分析

当汽车处于变工况行驶时,油液在油箱内反复晃动会造成晃动噪声、高变速工况下油液供给中断、油气挥发量增加和油箱及其内置件结构损坏等问题产生.为了优化油液防晃结构,创建了充液油箱三维有限元模型,同时验证了仿真参数设置的合理性,并通过试验验证了仿真结果的准确性.利用VOF法,分别模拟了无孔、少孔和多孔挡板、圆孔和椭圆孔挡板、高...     

Experimental investigation of the unsteady flow in a double-blade centrifugal pump impeller

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology was used to study the unsteady internal flow in a double-blade centrifugal pump (DBCP) impeller at the design flow rate.Relative velocity distributions and turbulence intensity distributions in the DBCP impeller at six phase conditions were obtained.And mean dimensionless relative velocity,turbulence intensity,mean absolute flow angle,mean relative flow angle,mean dynamic pressure and mean angular momentum distributions at the different radii of impeller were calculated.Results show that from impeller inlet to impeller outlet,turbulence intensities gradually decrease.With the increase of radius r,mean dimensionless relative velocity first decreases and then increases,while variation tendencies of mean absolute flow angle and mean dynamic pressure are the opposite.With the increase of radius r,turbulence intensity and mean relative flow angle first decrease,then increase,and then decrease,while mean angular momentum gradually increases.     

基于流固耦合的离心通风机叶轮强度研究

考虑风机工作时叶轮变形对流场的影响和气动力对叶轮变形和应力的影响,采用软件CFX进行流场计算、ANSYS进行结构计算,以MFX - ANSYS/CFX为数据耦合平台,应用弱耦合方法对风机叶轮强度进行研究.计算结果表明:叶轮最大总变形发生在叶片吸力面的中间位置,最大等效应力发生在前盘;在风机不同的稳定工况下,叶轮最大等效...     

均匀壁面热流下太阳能腔式吸热器的自然对流数值模拟

在考虑变物性以及腔体固壁与流体间流固耦合的基础上,采用定热流的热边界条件和RNG k-ε紊流模型,对相同热流密度不同倾角以及相同倾角不同热流密度下的圆柱形腔式吸热器的腔体内的自然对流特性进行了三维数值模拟。结果表明:随着腔体壁面上的热流密度增加,内壁面上平均温度将升高,平均努塞尔特数增加;随着吸热器倾角的增大,平均努塞尔特数减小;随着离采光口距离的增大,腔体壁面温度近似呈线性规律升高,同一截面不同位置处的壁面温差减小,但减小的幅度不大。     

双层组合桨中心及偏心搅拌三维流场的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学的方法,采用Laminar层流模型对双层六直斜叶交替组合桨在甘油与水的混合物中进行中心及偏心搅拌的三维流场进行数值计算,得到了组合桨以恒转速200r/min在搅拌槽内转动时所产生的3种不同流场结构,对比分析了速度矢量图、速度云图以及轴向、径向和周向速度分布曲线,为层流搅拌槽的设计和实际应用提供了依据。     

凹腔火焰稳定器内气流流动的实验研究

为了进一步探究凹腔火焰稳定器内的流动特点,设计了一个简单的小型超音速风洞。并在此基础上,通过油流显示法对矩形凹腔和人字形凹腔的内部流动进行了实验观察,并将实验结果与数值模拟结果进行了对比,获得了矩形凹腔和人字形凹腔内的流动信息,结果表明:人字形凹腔内部气流有明显的向中心汇聚的趋势。实验为数值模拟提供了依据并为进一步的实验打下了基础。     

混合对流作用下小室流场和温度场的数值模拟

建筑空调为人们提供清洁舒适的室内环境。本文在Ｂｌａｙ等人实验研究基础之上 ,采用标准关键词模型和壁面函数法 ,对具有混合对流作用的小室流场和温度场进行数值模拟 ,经与实验值对比发现 ,标准κ-ε模型可以较为准确模拟混合对流作用的流动与传热问题 ,速度值的最大偏差为 0 . 0 43ｍ ｓ,温度最大偏差值为 1 . 1Ｋ ;浮升力对ε方程中源项的影响可以不计     

Numerical analysis of semiconductor lasers with FBG external cavity reflectors

Numerical simulations based on a multimode rate-equation model is used to study the effect of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) external cavity reflectors on the performance of multimode semiconductor lasers. The factors affecting the relative intensity noise and the wavelength stable range are discussed. Design principles for the parameter selection of semiconductor lasers with FBG external cavity reflectors are given based on the numerical results.     

凹腔超声速燃烧室燃烧流场数值模拟

对带凹腔结构的燃烧室二维甲烷燃烧流场进行数值模拟,采用迎风三阶精度MUSCL格式求解二维含组分守恒N-S方程,湍流模型采用剪切修正的RNG κ-ε湍流模型,分别分析了凹腔不同长深比和导流槽结构对燃料燃烧的影响．对喷甲烷燃烧工况进行了计算研究,结果表明：凹腔可以提高燃烧效率,却使总压恢复系数降低;凹腔的长深比越大,燃烧效率越高,总压恢复系数越低;导流槽可以在总压恢复系数较高的情况下进一步提高燃烧效率．     

空腔流场及气动噪声数值模拟

采用带有源项的线性欧拉方程修正空腔流动的非定常流场,利用Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程对声源流场的声辐射及远场声信号进行求解,研究空腔辐射声场特性及阻尼截断区域中阻尼系数、控制面位置等参数对噪声信号的影响.计算结果表明,空腔内旋涡的形成和溃灭过程会引起声辐射,且具有四极子特性;在计算区域的边界处设置阻尼截断区域可以有效地控制旋涡撞击边界所产生的“假波”,为了保证较好的收敛速度,阻尼强度系数的量级为104;控制面应包围声源流场区域,以确保求解得到的远场声信号的完整性和准确性.     

存在垂直加热时的矩形池内热毛细对流的数值模拟

为了了解垂直加热对矩形浅液池内稳态热毛细对流的影响,利用有限容积法进行了二维直接数值模拟,液池左、右壁分别维持恒定温度Th和Tc,且ThTc,底部被加热,自由表面存在散热,液池宽深比为(20~30),流体为1cSt硅油。结果表明,随着底部加热热流密度的增大,矩形液池内的流动会由单胞或多胞流动转化为旋转方向相反的非对称双胞流动,流动转化过程的临界热流密度随Marangoni数和Biot数的增加而增大,随液池宽深比的增加而减小,液池内的最高温度会随Marangoni数和宽深比的增大而减小。     

Numerical investigation of particle saltation in the bed-load regime

This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2–3 layers of densely packed spheres.In this study,we combined three the state-of-the-art technologies,i.e.,the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow,the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation,movement and collision of the particles,and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction.Here we verify our code by comparing the flow and particle statistical features with the published data and then present the hydrodynamic forces acting on a particle together with the particle coordinates and velocities,during a typical saltation.We found strong correlation between the abruptly decreasing particle stream-wise velocity and the increasing vertical velocity at collision,which indicates that the continuous saltation of large grain-size particles is controlled by collision parameters such as particle incident angle,local rough bed packing arrangement,and particle density,etc.This physical process is different from that of particle entrainment in which turbulence coherence structures play an important role.Probability distribution functions of several important saltation parameters and the relationships between them are presented.The results show that the saltating particles hitting the windward side of the bed particles are more likely to bounce off the rough bed than those hitting the leeside.Based on the above findings,saltation mechanisms of large grain-size particles in turbulent channel flow are presented.