采用深层混凝土搭板处治桥头跳车的试验

为了解决传统近路面桥头搭板受车辆荷载的冲击作用,加之下方发生脱空现象,易造成开裂破坏的问题,结合工程实践提出一种新的桥头路基处治方法——深层混凝土搭板处治法,将混凝土搭板放置一定深度,用以改善桥头路基的应力分布及变形.通过对Winkler弹性地基梁一端固定另一端自由时梁底地基反力的理论分析及现场试验研究得到,深层搭板底部的地基反力是从固定端到自由端一平滑过渡的曲线,且处治后路桥过渡段道路线形平顺,桥头沉降差较小,路基整体稳定.与EPS轻质换填处治方法进行比较,结果表明所提出的深层混凝土搭板处治法在控制桥头沉降差方面有较大优势.     

人车路系统分析模型在差异沉降指标确定中的应用

在对设置桥头搭板的路桥过渡段路面进行简化后,建立了车辆通过搭板时的人车路垂向振动系统分析模型;通过模态分析方法求解并计算了车辆下桥时的人车系统的位移响应,速度响应和加速度响应;利用所建的人车路系统分析模型对车辆经过路桥段时的振动特性进行了评价;并结合公路线形特点确定了路桥过渡段差异沉降指标与搭板坡差、桥面坡差、车速、载重、搭板长度等因素之间的关系,最终从功能性的角度提出路桥过渡段的搭板容许坡差应不超过0.4%.     

桥头软基路堤设计与施工必须注意的若干问题

桥头部基路堤施工关系到桥台与台背路堤间是否出现跳车现象的问题．从桥头软基路堤设计和施工的角度出发，提出桥台软基处治的施工研究，台背路堤料的选择，台背路堤填料的排水和施工方法，土工布摊铺方法，软基路堤沉陷观测和施工质量控制措施等软基路堤设计和施工必须注意的问题，对寻求解决桥头出现跳车现象具有指导作用．     

Stress and deformation due to embankment widening with different treatment techniques

A two-dimensional (2-D) finite element (FE) model was developed to analyze the deformation and stress of embankment on soft ground due to widening with different treatment techniques. It is found that the embankment widening induces transverse gradient change due to differential settlements and horizontal outward movements at the shoulder of the existing embankment. Embankment widening also increases the shear stress along the slope of the existing embankment, especially at the foot of slope. The failure potential due to embankment widening may increase with the increase of widening width when the widening width is smaller than 8.5 m, but may decrease with the increase of widening width as the widening width is greater than 8.5 m. The effectiveness of four ground and embankment treatment techniques, including geosynthetic reinforcement, light-weight embankment, deep mixed columns, and separating wall were compared. The results indicate that these treatments reduce the differential settlements and improve the stability. The light-weight embankment has the most effectiveness among four treatments. By using the fly-ash backfill material in widening, the transverse gradient change decreases from 0.5%–1.3% to 0.26%–0.8% and the maximum horizontal displacement decreases from 2.76 cm to 1.44 cm.     

Centrifugal model test and numerical simulation of vertical earth pressure on soft foundation box culvert

To obtain the vertical earth pressure on a soft foundation box culvert and investigate the interaction of the soil-culvert-foundation system, both a centrifugal model test and a numerical simulation were conducted and the comparisons with the current methods to determine the load on a culvert were completed. The results of the model test and numerical analysis are in satisfactory agreement, which shows that the direction of the shear stress between the culvert and the adjacent embankment depends on the differential settlement between them. A vertical earth pressure concentration appears on the culvert with a rigid piles foundation because of a downward shear stress. The ratio of the load on a soft foundation culvert and the overburden pressure above the culvert raises first and then decreases as the backfill height increases. In order to reduce the load on a culvert, it is suggested to limit the stiffness difference of the foundations under the culvert and embankment and to use a light backfill over the culvert.     

桩承式路堤承载力与变形的有限元分析

针对桩承式路堤设计中的存在问题,通过PLAX IS分析软件对堤中桩的承载力和位移进行了有限元分析,涉及到地基模型、计算方法以及参数取值等问题.分析中考虑了地层情况、路堤高度、桩长与桩间距的变化,重点对桩的承载力、路堤沉降、桩基施工平台作用产生的沉降及路堤边缘桩的侧向反应等方面进行了研究,推导出桩承载力和变形计算公式.计算结果表明,堤身土体位移可能使堤中桩发生过大变形或在桩中产生过大的弯矩和剪力.     

长短桩组合桩基础在某电厂烟囱工程中的应用

某烟囱工程原设计采用嵌岩桩筏基础,桩基施工后检测表明:由于岩面埋深起伏较大,大量基桩桩端位于土层中,可能引起桩基较大的沉降、不均匀沉降以及烟囱的倾斜问题.因此,在工程实践中通过在已施工桩基中增加少量长桩,达到降低基础沉降和减小差异沉降的目的.本文基于Geddes应力解的桩基荷载传递方法,将基桩视为弹簧,基础板采用薄板有限元方法,提出了长短桩组合桩筏基础的相互作用分析方法,并对该烟囱桩筏基础进行了实例分析,可为类似工程的设计和处理提供有益的参考.     

桩承式路堤中加筋褥垫层的工作性状

建立桩承式加筋路堤三维有限元模型,对比分析多层土工格栅与单层土工格栅情况下软土表面沉降、软土表面竖向应力与加筋体应变的分布规律.研究发现：软土表面的沉降仅与土工格栅的总强度有关,而土工格栅的层数对软土表面的沉降影响不大;对比单层与三层加筋体模型结果可知,三层加筋体能更明显地减小作用在软土中心的竖向应力,从而使得两桩之间的竖向应力分布更加均匀.在土工格栅总强度相同的情况下,多层加筋体底层土工格栅的最大应变是单层加筋体的1.38~1.50倍.     

软土地基中包裹碎石桩地震动力响应数值模拟研究

包裹碎石桩是将碎石桩包裹在土工合成材料中,通过土工合成材料的径向约束作用,减少碎石桩的变形,提高其在软土地基中的稳定性。使用有限差分程序FLAC3D进行模拟,研究地震荷载作用下软土地基中包裹碎石桩的动力响应。数值模型采用考虑滞回特性的非线性弹塑性模型模拟碎石桩和软土,使用线弹性土工格栅单元模拟土工合成材料。利用振动台试验结果验证三维动力数值模型,然后开展参数分析,研究筋材刚度、软土剪切模量、路堤荷载等参数对软土地基中包裹碎石桩地震动力响应的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明：随着筋材刚度的增加、软土剪切模量的增加、竖向荷载的减小,碎石桩的沉降及筋材应变和土体的剪应变也显著减小,土工合成材料包裹筋材可以有效提高碎石桩的抗震性能。     

Comparison between responses of reinforced and unreinforced embankments due to road widening

The objective of this work is to compare the responses of geosynthetically-reinforced embankment and unreinforced embankment due to road widening by using the centrifuge model tests and a two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model. The measured and calculated responses of the embankment and foundation exposed to road widening include the settlement, horizontal displacement, pore water pressure, and shear stresses. It is found that the road widening changed the transverse slope of the original pavement surface resulting from the nonuniform settlements. The maximum horizontal movement is found to be located at the shoulder of the original embankment. Although the difference is small, it is clearly seen that the geosynthetic reinforcement reduces the nonuniform settlements and horizontal movements due to road widening. Thus the reinforcement reduces the potential of pavement cracking and increases the stability of the embankment on soft ground in road widening.     

循环荷载下长短桩桩网复合地基变形试验研究

通过长短桩桩网复合地基的模型试验,分析有、无土工格栅及不同幅值循环荷载下复合地基沉降、长短桩桩身应变及土工格栅应变的特性. 试验结果表明,土工格栅的加入会改善循环荷载下复合地基的整体性能. 复合地基沉降、桩身应变及土工格栅应变主要发生在循环荷载作用前期. 增大循环荷载幅值不仅会增大复合地基总沉降,还会加快沉降发展的速率. 复合地基的沉降与循环次数的关系可以用指数函数表示. 土工格栅的拉膜效应将部分荷载由桩间土传递到桩上,相比于没有土工格栅的复合地基,有土工格栅的复合地基中长短桩的应变更大,且此时长桩桩帽处的土工格栅会承受更大的拉力,应变相较于桩间土处更大;循环荷载下的长桩上部应变增量较大,下部应变增量较小.     

桩承式路堤的工作性状分析

为更全面地分析桩承式路堤各组成部分的工作机理，降低计算复杂度，提出了一种综合考虑路堤填
料中的土拱效应和桩土的荷载传递性状的解析解法.该解析法将桩承式路堤各组成部分看作一个整体，以
桩、土和路堤三者之间的静力平衡为基础，建立了桩和土体位移的基本微分方程，通过考虑应力和变形的
协调条件，获得了桩身轴力、桩间土应力、桩侧摩阻力、桩和土体沉降等的解析解，并研究了置换率、桩
身模量、桩径、桩端土刚度和桩侧摩阻力发挥系数对沉降和荷载分担比等的影响.与工程实测数据的对比
结果表明，该解析法具有计算过程比较简单，计算结果与实测结果比较一致的特点.     

自密实水泥土拼宽路堤沉降与稳定性研究

以某路堤拼宽工程为例,探讨自密实水泥土作为新路堤填料的可行性,基于以开挖弃土为原料土的室内试验实测数据,采用Plaxis2D软件进行新老路堤沉降、差异沉降的数值模拟,并分析路堤边坡稳定性。分析考虑了新路堤坡率、是否铺设土工格栅对其的影响。结果表明：自密实水泥土填料能够有效控制路堤沉降和不均匀沉降,铺设土工格栅能够减小新老路堤的不均匀沉降并显著提高路堤稳定性,自密实水泥土在路堤拼宽工程中有良好的适用性。     

深厚淤泥爆炸挤淤填石围堤沉降分析

针对一深厚淤泥爆炸挤淤填石围堤工程,采用钻探和物探方法检验置换效果,然后现场监测围堤填筑完毕后的沉降,采用Verhulst模型预测围堤的最终沉降,最后建立了该类围堤沉降的计算方法,并对实例工程进行计算分析。研究表明,该类围堤底部存在一定深度的泥石混合层和纯淤泥层,导致较长的固结稳定时间和较大的沉降值;围堤填筑完毕后约经历5个月沉降才趋于稳定,最终沉降预测值位于1 366~1 556 mm之间;围堤的沉降主要由泥石混合层、淤泥层和下部粉质粘土层的压缩产生,围堤总沉降的计算值与实测结果的推算值较为接近。     

桩承式加筋路堤荷载分担比计算方法

针对桩承式加筋路堤作用机理复杂的问题,分析路堤填土-筋材-桩-桩间土在路堤荷载作用下的荷载传递机理.根据位移、应力连续条件,将路堤填土和加固区作为统一的整体考虑.将一定厚度水平向的加筋垫层视为具有刚度的薄板,考虑土工格栅的加筋作用,采用大挠度薄板理论计算筋材的挠曲变形.考虑路堤填土的土拱效应和路基桩土相互作用,推导在桩体打穿和未打穿软土层2种情况下桩承式加筋路堤荷载分担比的求解方法.采用相关文献中的模型试验结果对提出的计算方法进行验证.结果表明,采用该方法计算出的桩土应力比与实测结果比较接近,可为工程实践提供设计理论参考.     

土石路堤压实质量控制与碾压动力响应模拟分析

以国道丹阿公路省界(珲春)至东宁段改扩建工程为依托,选取具有代表性的土石混填路堤施工路段,研究得到不同松铺厚度、不同碾压遍数下土石路堤变形与压实特性,采用沉降差控制指标确定以强、中风化凝灰岩为主要填料的土石路堤压实现场施工工艺;同时采用便携式落锤弯沉仪(PFWD)对土石路堤动回弹模量Evd进行检测,将每遍碾压后土石路堤...     

Mechanism of Geogrid Reinforced Soil at Bridge Approach

Using Geogrid-Reinforced Soil （GRS） we studied the working mechanism and design method of GRS at bridge approach with high backfill by field experiment. In a highway section where the height of backfill is 13.5 meters, geogrids were used at two bridge approaches to address the bumping problems. Some soil pressure cells were used to measure the normal and lateral soil pressure at different locations in the roadbed. The experimental results indicate that geogrids in geogrid-reinforced soil （GRS） could produce an uplift force, the closer the location to the abutment, the larger the uplift force, and the reduction of measured soil pressures compared with theoretical values was the largest at the bottom of roadbed, less at the top than at the bottom, and the least in the mid-height of roadbed than at the bottom. These findings are different from those of the traditional greogrid-reinforced subgrade design method,     

桩承式加筋路堤中土工格栅加筋效应的室内试验研究

基于室内模型槽试验,开展了考虑土工格栅的桩承式路堤变形和填土应力分布规律研究,重点研究了土工格栅抗拉强度和土工格栅层数对软土竖向位移、填土竖向应力分布和桩土应力比的影响。研究结果表明:软土竖向位移随土工格栅抗拉强度和土工格栅层数增加而减小;不同层数土工格栅作用下填土竖向应力随路堤高度的分布规律差异较大。综合考虑桩承式路堤软土变形和填土荷载向桩顶转移程度,了解研究工况下土工格栅的作用效果,可为现场路堤工程中如何选用合适土工格栅抗拉强度和层数提供依据。     

考虑次固结时循环荷载引起的软基沉降

为了控制在循环荷载作用下软基路堤的总沉降和工后沉降,采用能够综合考虑主、次固结沉降的Yin-Graham一维等效时间线模型和一维条件下软土“最终”沉降与应力路径无关的性质,获得在正弦循环荷载作用下路堤运行期间长期总沉降和工后沉降近似计算公式,建立路堤总沉降和工后沉降与回弹指数、压缩指数、蠕变系数、初始有效应力、路堤承受的静荷载幅值和动荷载幅值之间的关系,除上述影响因素外,工后沉降还与运行期开始时路堤下软基的总有效应力有关.利用沉降公式计算具体工程软基路堤运行期结束时的长期总沉降量,计算误差小于0.275％.     

粉体喷射桩加固公路软土路基分析

粉体喷射桩是加固处理淤泥、淤泥质土、粘土、粉土等软土公路路基、桥头常用的地基处理方法。针对邯郸地区公路路基、桥头中粉体喷射桩复合地的承载与变形特性,分析了粉体喷射桩-土复合地基中的桩-土应力分担比及复合地基承载力的计算方法、主要影响因素和取值方法,为粉喷桩复合地基在本地区公路路基、桥头工程中的科学应用提供有益的参考。