基于压缩直方图的谓词选择率估计方法

谓词选择率估计是关系数据库管理系统查询优化器决策的重要依据.提出了一种基于压缩直方图的谓词选择率估计方法.采用基于MCV和等高直方图的压缩直方图存储数据库的数据分布特征信息,给出了该压缩直方图的构建方法,研究了谓词选择率估计算法.该方法的有效性已经在实践中得到证明,能够取得准确的选择率估计结果,同时具有较低的构建代价.     

带谓词的XPath查询的即时处理

介绍了一种立即计算谓词并即时输出的XML流数据查询系统XSIEQ。XSIEQ采用修改了的下推自动机技术,对多个XPath式按前缀共享的方式构造NFA,并对NFA状态进行类型标记和添加索引;从而在运行时能快速确定谓词计算和数据缓存等动作的时机,实现了即时处理;最后给出了XSIEQ和YFilter的查询性能对比及分析。     

基于直方图的空间查询选择率估计研究

空间查询优化是空间数据库中的关键问题之一,以查询代价估算为基础的查询优化技术是提高查询效率的一种重要方法,而估算代价的主要问题是估算查询结果(选择率)的大小。针对空间数据库中最常用的两种查询—空间选择和空间连接,阐述了几种主要用于查询选择率佑计的直方图算法,并对各算法的优缺点做了分析,最后对空间查询选择率估计的研究方向进行了展望。     

面向对象XML数据查询的代价估计研究

由于XML具有丰富的表达能力、自描述性和灵活性等优点,而面向对象的概念又具有很强的建模能力,将面向对象的概念引入到XML可以提高XML模式语言的建模能力。而面向对象XML数据查询的值匹配条件的查询代价估计问题是一种典型的多元素查询条件的代价估计问题。XML数据的值分布与其他值信息的分布有关,还与XML数据的结构信息有关,很难使用某种单一的代价估计方法。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于直方图,在估计过程中结合查询树结构的代价估计方法。     

基于XPath的XML查询优化

随着XML作为Internet上数据表示和交换的标准,如何高效地进行XML数据的查询己经变得越来越重要,许多XML查询语言也随之出现。这些查询语言虽然种类繁多,但都有个共同特征：使用基于XPath数据模型下规则路径表示来查询XML数据。研究表明,当前的关系数据库技术在处理规则路径表示的查询时通常效率不高。 文章在介绍了传统的基于遍历树的方法的基础上重点讨论了基于路径分解的查询处理算法,并对选择连接顺序算法提出了基于动态规划思想的改进,     

基于XPath的XML查询优化

随着XML作为Internet上数据表示和交换的标准,如何高效地进行XML数据的查询己经变得越来越重要,许多XML查询语言也随之出现。这些查询语言虽然种类繁多,但都有个共同特征:使用基于XPath数据模型下规则路径表示来查询XML数据。研究表明,当前的关系数据库技术在处理规则路径表示的查询时通常效率不高。文章在介绍了传统的基于遍历树的方法的基础上重点讨论了基于路径分解的查询处理算法,并对选择连接顺序算法提出了基于动态规划思想的改进。     

直方图下数据连接操作代价估计应用分析

直方图是一种重要的数据查询工具.在数据库操作中查询操作需要进行代价估计,而操作代价的估计有多种方法.直方图估计法在所有估计法中是最容易使用和最容易维护的,它将关系中的全部元组进行归类设桶,对每个桶分别进行大小统计,继而求和,使代价统计值更接近于真实.结合实际课题应用,给出了将关系的连接转换为多种直方图的方法,以及如何利用直方图进行代价估计.     

查询优化代价估计中的直方图方法运用

直方图是数据库系统中最常用的估算查询代价的一种工具,它将关系中的全部元组进行归类设桶,对每个桶分别进行大小统计,继而求和,使代价统计值更接近于真实。直方图方法在所有代价估计法中是最容易使用和最容易维护的,每一种直方图在代价估计精度上各不相同,使用中也各有其特点。结合实际课题应用,给出了将关系的连接转换为多种直方图的方法,以及如何利用直方图进行代价估计。     

限定误差的直方图

限定误差的直方图方法以任意给定的误差作为前提，生成满足要求的直方图。本文在作者已有工作的基础上，进一步探讨生成限定误差直方图的方法，以适用于等值和范围两种查询，并进行了大量的模拟实验。实验结果表明，限定误差的直方图不仅估算精确，肯定能满足预定的要求，而且算法简单，实现效率高，具有良好的应用前景。     

包含高代价谓词查询的基于属性势值估算的优化技术研究

传统的关系数据库系统(RDBMS)是以查询操作中发生的内存与磁盘交换数据的块数(即I/O)为基础进行查询优化的,然而传统代价模型及查询优化方法并不适合包含高代价谓词的查询.学术界提出了一些优化方法,一定程度上解决了高代价谓词查询的优化问题,但这些方法存在优化空间加大、优化程度有限等问题.以具有视频监控的大型超市数据管理为背景,针对包含视频数据及视频处理的混合查询,以操作结果缓存的方式执行高代价谓词,提出属性势值估算以及基于属性势值估算的查询优化方法.这种优化方法更大程度地降低高代价谓词的执行次数,很好地解决了包含传统数据类型和大对象操作的混合查询的代价优化问题.将这种方法与以往高代价谓词的查询优化方法进行性能比较,结果令人满意.     

使用DTD优化XML数据流上的XPath查询

如何在XML数据流上高效地执行XPath查询,是XML数据流管理的关键问题。DTD结构信息对提高XML查询效率有很大帮助,已有的大部分算法没有利用这一资源。提出了一种使用DTD进行XML数据流查询处理的方法,具有以下特征:利用树自动机表示XPath;通过XPath树自动机与DTD树匹配,预先标识不匹配查询结构的DTD节点;给出一种利用DTD的XML流索引方法DBXSI;执行查询时,根据流索引信息直接跳过某些与查询不匹配的节点及子树。实验结果表明:该方法可有效支持Xpath查询,效率优于传统算法。     

包含OR,AND和NOT谓词的复杂Twig查询处理算法

针对同时包含OR,AND和NOT谓词的复杂XMLTwig模式查询,提出一种标准的查询模式和对应的整体匹配算法AllTwigList.查询时将复杂Twig模式当作一个整体进行处理,避免因对复杂Twig模式进行分解而导致大量中间结果的产生和对同一查询节点的重复处理,有效减少查询处理规模.基于不同数据集的实验表明,使用AllTwigList算法可以很大程度提高查询处理的性能.     

基于Object-Z的XPath形式化语义

本文描述了XPath语言的形式化语义。一个统一的面向对象的语义视角用于建模所有XPath语言构造。语义的表示采用形式化规范语言Object-Z的符号系统。这种高度结构化的语义模型具有简洁、可组合性和可复用性的特点。     

Efficient processing of XPath queries using indexes

A number of indexing techniques have been proposed in recent times for optimizing the queries on XML and other semi-structured data models. Most of the semi-structured models use tree-like structures and query languages (XPath, XQuery, etc.) which make use of regular path expressions to optimize the query processing. In this paper, we propose two algorithms called Entry-point algorithm (EPA) and Two-point Entry algorithms that exploit different types of indices to efficiently process XPath queries. We discuss and compare two approaches namely, Root-first and Bottom-first in implementing the EPA. We present the experimental results of the algorithms using XML benchmark queries and data and compare the results with that of traditional methods of query processing with and without the use of indexes, and ToXin indexing approach. Our algorithms show improved performance results than the traditional methods and Toxin indexing approach.     

Query translation from XPath to SQL in the presence of recursive DTDs

We study the problem of evaluating xpath queries over xml data that is stored in an rdbms via schema-based shredding. The interaction between recursion (descendants-axis) in xpath queries and recursion in dtds makes it challenging to answer xpath queries using rdbms. We present a new approach to translating xpath queries into sql queries based on a notion of extended XP ath expressions and a simple least fixpoint (lfp) operator. Extended xpath expressions are a mild extension of xpath, and the lfp operator takes a single input relation and is already supported by most commercial rdbms. We show that extended xpath expressions are capable of capturing both dtd recursion and xpath queries in a uniform framework. Furthermore, they can be translated into an equivalent sequence of sql queries with the lfp operator. We present algorithms for rewriting xpath queries over a (possibly recursive) dtd into extended xpath expressions and for translating extended xpath expressions to sql queries, as well as optimization techniques. The novelty of our approach consists in its capability to answer a large class of xpath queries by means of only low-end rdbms features already available in most rdbms, as well as its flexibility to accommodate existing relational query optimization techniques. In addition, these translation algorithms provide a solution to query answering for certain (possibly recursive) xml views of xml data. Our experimental results verify the effectiveness of our techniques. An extended abstract was presented at the 31st international conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), 2005.     

含XPath的表达式的解析与应用

提出了在应用XML数据中的一类普遍性问题，指出通过定义、处理含XPath的规则式可有效地提高软件的可扩展性．阐述如何运用JavaCC实现对XPath规则式的解析处理，以及扩展的思路。     

Transformation of structure-shy programs with application to XPath queries and strategic functions

Various programming languages allow the construction of structure-shy programs. Such programs are defined generically for many different datatypes and only specify specific behavior for a few relevant subtypes. Typical examples are XML query languages that allow selection of subdocuments without exhaustively specifying intermediate element tags. Other examples are languages and libraries for polytypic or strategic functional programming and for adaptive object-oriented programming.In this paper, we present an algebraic approach to transformation of declarative structure-shy programs, in particular for strategic functions and XML queries. We formulate a rich set of algebraic laws, not just for transformation of structure-shy programs, but also for their conversion into structure-sensitive programs and vice versa. We show how subsets of these laws can be used to construct effective rewrite systems for specialization, generalization, and optimization of structure-shy programs. We present a type-safe encoding of these rewrite systems in Haskell which itself uses strategic functional programming techniques. We discuss the application of these rewrite systems for XPath query optimization and for query migration in the context of schema evolution.     

Related Axis: The Extension to XPath Towards Effective XML Search

We investigate the limitations of existing XML search methods and propose a new semantics, related relationship, to effectively capture meaningful relationships of data elements from XML data in the absence of structural constraints. Then we make an extension to XPath by introducing a new axis, related axis, to specify the related relationship between query nodes so as to enhance the flexibility of XPath. We propose to reduce the cost of computing the related relationship by a new schema summary that summarizes the related relationship from the original schema without any loss. Based on this schema summary, we introduce two indices to improve the performance of query processing. Our algorithm shows that the evaluation of most queries can be equivalently transformed into just a few selection and value join operations, thus avoids the costly structural join operations. The experimental results show that our method is effective and efficient in terms of comparing the effectiveness of the related relationship with existing keyword search semantics and comparing the efficiency of our evaluation methods with existing query engines.     

A methodology for coupling fragments of XPath with structural indexes for XML documents

We introduce a new methodology for coupling language-induced partitions and index  -induced partitions on XML documents that is aimed for the benefit of efficient evaluation of XPath queries. In particular, we identify XPath fragments which are ideally coupled with the newly introduced P(k)$P(k)$-partition which has its definition grounded in the well-known A(k)$A(k)$ structural index and its associated partition. We then utilize these couplings to investigate fundamental questions about the use of structural indexes in XPath query evaluation.