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混凝土收缩裂缝的控制是长期困扰建筑界的技术难题。本文从新的角度,比较详细地分析讨论了收缩裂缝的形成过程以及控制的新方法。收缩裂缝的控制,实际上是如何才能使混凝土得到正常生长发育的硬化技术问题。混凝土的收缩并不是收缩开裂的主因。拌合水损失后缺陷产生的内应力,是混凝土收缩开裂真正的源头,防止拌合水损失才是最有效的防裂方法。防止拌合水损失同时也使混凝土实现了高抗渗,从而揭示了混凝土抗裂与抗渗之间不可分割的内在联系。高抗渗就成为这一防裂方法的理论依据,完美湿养护是具体的操作方法。高抗渗防裂成本最低、操作最简单、效果最显著,实现了混凝土抗收缩开裂复杂问题简单化,实现了混凝土抗裂技术的重大进展。 相似文献
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混凝土收缩裂缝的控制是长期困扰建筑界的技术难题。笔者在工程实践中对收缩裂缝进行了十多年的应用研究,提出了完美湿养护控制收缩裂缝的新方法,提出了高抗渗防裂的最新抗裂理念,取得了显著的防裂效果。收缩裂缝的形成实际上是应力作用的结果,收缩裂缝的出现表明混凝土硬化不良。本文介绍了以抗裂抗渗为核心的混凝土工程实践创新成果,表达了控制收缩裂缝及提高硬化混凝土质量的若干新理论、新观点和新技术。指出实际施工中,普遍存在放任失水的现象,背离了混凝土正常生长发育的规律,背离了抗裂与抗渗不可分割的辩证关系,是长期以来混凝土工程裂与渗质量通病的根源所在。 相似文献
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混凝土抗裂与抗渗存在着不可分割的辩证关系,实际工程不能背离这一关系。混凝土高抗渗防裂最新抗裂理念的建立,利用了这一关系。混凝土浇筑成型后,其拌合水不可以损失,应采用完美湿养护,防止形成失水缺陷。这是遵从混凝土发育规律,将混凝土抗裂与抗渗联系起来的唯一方法。混凝土硬化早期放任其失水,抗裂不抗渗,背离了抗裂与抗渗不可分割的辩证关系,是长期以来混凝土工程裂与渗质量通病的根源所在。 相似文献
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水玻璃耐酸混凝土虽然具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和较高的抗冲击强度,已成为重要的防腐蚀材料,但这种材料抗渗性较差,会使混凝土结构物中的酸物向外渗透,不仅缩短设备的寿命,而且会危害建筑物的安全。水玻璃耐酸混凝土产生的裂缝和孔隙是化学反应造成的,在施工中难以避免... 相似文献
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混凝土结构物在工程中的重要性以及混凝土材料应用的普遍性,使其耐久性能的评价逐渐成为本行业的迫切要求。混凝土的早期抗裂性能是耐久性能评价的一个指标,众所周知,混凝土的早期开裂对其整体性能、力学性能和耐久性能会产生一定的影响,早期裂缝的研究也就成为当前混凝土材料界和工程界的热点问题。早期裂缝指的是混凝土结构在尚未完全硬化之前就出现的裂缝,即塑性收缩裂缝。根据形状有表面型的和贯穿型的,根据变动形态则可以分为愈合、闭合、稳定和不稳定等形式。据以往的理论观点,混凝土结构的早期裂缝主要由混凝土拌合物硬化过程中失水引起,一般发生在混凝土初凝到终凝时间段,故多采取加强养护的方式来作为主要的防裂方法,但始终未能根治混凝土的裂缝问题。是否存在新的方法和观点来对待早期裂缝的问题?一般对于混凝土生产企业来说,如何在最大程度上避免此类裂缝的发生?在施工过程中,又有哪些措施可以避免?另外针对发生的此类裂缝,一般施工单位和混凝土生产企业如何进行处理?众多问题都成为了目前混凝土早期裂缝问题关注的焦点。本期将针对这些问题征求各位专家的意见,以期给一些从事混凝土生产和施工的技术人员予以参考借鉴。 相似文献
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混凝土抗渗能力不足是导致混凝土耐久性下降的主要原因之一。通过将沥青颗粒掺入混凝土来提高混凝土抗渗能力,首先优选两种沥青,将沥青研磨成沥青颗粒与其他材料混合搅拌成型,并在混凝土养护完成后进行加热处理,使内部沥青颗粒充分软化致密混凝土内部孔隙。RCM试验结果表明,掺沥青混凝土抗渗能力优于常规混凝土,且抗渗能力随着沥青掺量的增加而增加。与此同时,沥青种类影响掺沥青混凝土的抗渗能力。低沥青掺量的混凝土抗压强度与常规混凝土相似;当沥青掺量达到8%时,混凝土抗压强度明显下降。最终建立了沥青掺量-氯离子扩散系数模型和沥青掺量-抗压强度模型,与试验结果有良好的相关性。 相似文献
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阿拉山口地处新疆维吾尔族自治区的西部,冬季较寒冷,冰冻线在-1.700m。在阿拉山口进行自来水混凝土蓄水池的施工中,其关键是防止渗漏和冻害。施工中采用了以下措施,确保了施工质量。 相似文献
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混凝土结构耐久性与裂缝控制中值得探讨的几个问题(续) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
耐久性与裂缝控制是目前土木工程界的主要研究前沿 ,本文就此方面研究中存在的问题进行了分析 ,并提出自己的看法。 相似文献
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粉煤灰改善混凝土耐久性研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
粉煤灰作为混凝土的一种重要掺加剂,对混凝土的耐久性能起到了重大改善,并且掺加了粉煤灰的早强混凝土、大掺量粉煤灰混凝土在混凝土工程中得到了极大发展.虽然在粉煤灰的应用上还存在一定的问题,但粉煤灰混凝土的应用已经是大势所趋了.本文将就粉煤灰在改善混凝土性能和大掺量粉煤灰混凝土的特点加以详述,并展望了粉煤灰混凝土的前景. 相似文献
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Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis Cedric D'Mello 《Journal of Constructional Steel Research》2011,67(10):1605-1620
This paper presents an experimental and analytical study on the behaviour of perforated steel beams with closely spaced web openings. Seven specimens including two typical cellular beams (i.e. circular web openings) and five perforated beams with novel web opening shapes were tested to investigate the failure mode and load strength of the web-post between two adjacent web openings. Fourteen numerical test specimens were developed and analysed by the finite element method and the results were compared with the full scale experiments. The effect of web opening spacing/web opening depth of web-posts was studied to investigate the effective ‘strut’ action of the web-post buckling. The effect of the web opening depth/web thickness was also studied to investigate the stability (slenderness) of the web-post subjected to vertical shear load. Two hundred and twenty-fine elastic-plastic finite element analyses were then employed in a comprehensive parametric study to propose an empirical formula which predicts the ultimate vertical shear load strength of web-posts formed from the particular web opening shapes.Perforated beams with standard circular, hexagonal and elongated web openings are mostly used nowadays. Various non-standard web opening shapes are introduced through this paper for first time. These new pioneering web opening shapes improve the structural performance of the perforated beams when examined under the web-post buckling failure mode. In addition, the manufacturing procedure of these non-standard web openings show great advantage in comparison with the manufacturing way of the more popular cellular beams. 相似文献
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Integration of distributed generation systems into generic types of commercial buildings in California 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Distributed generation (DG) of combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) has been gaining momentum in recent years as an efficient, secure alternative for meeting increasing power demands in the world. One of the most critical and emerging markets for DG-CCHP systems is commercial and institutional buildings. The present study focuses analysis on the main economic, energy-efficiency, and environmental impacts of the integration of three types of advanced DG technologies (high-temperature fuel cells, micro-turbines, and photovoltaic solar panels) into four types of representative generic commercial building templates (small office building, medium office building, hospital, and college/school) in southern California (e.g., mild climate), using eQUEST as energy simulation tool. Detailed load profiles for the four commercial building types during times of peak electric and peak gas consumption were analyzed and complementary strategies to further increase overall building energy efficiencies such as energy efficiency measures (e.g., day lighting, exterior shading, improved HVAC performance) and thermally activated absorption cooling were also investigated. Results show that the high-temperature fuel cell (HTFC) performance is best matched with the hospital energy loads, resulting in a 98% DG capacity factor, 85% DG heat recovery factor, and $860,000 in energy savings (6 years payback). The introduction of thermally driven double-effect absorption cooling (AC) in the college building with HTFC reduces significantly the building electricity-to-thermal load ratio and boosts the heat recovery factor from 37% to 97%. 相似文献