Vaporization behavior of lead from the FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system

Vaporization behavior (1163–1463 K) of lead in the slag system of FeO-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ with CaCl₂ was examined. A thermodynamic estimation with the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization showed that the major vapor species from the sample of the FeO-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ system+PbO+CaCl₂ were metallic Pb, PbCl, PbCl₂, and FeCl₂, at the experimental temperature range. The experimental results show that the mole ratio of vaporized Cl in lead chlorides to vaporized Pb, simply expressed as Cl/Pb, decreases with increasing temperature. The larger Cl/Pb means a larger ratio of gaseous PbCl₂, since metallic Pb and PbCl vapors are formed in a similar reduction atmosphere. The evaporation is initially rapid and becomes steady after holding for 10 min. Gaseous PbCl₂ is mainly formed during the heating period, and at the holding stage, it reacts with FeO to produce gaseous FeCl₂. With regard to slag composition, FeO content and basicity significantly affect the evaporation of lead. High FeO content and high basicity promotes the formation of metallic Pb and PbCl, whereas, it prohibits PbCl₂ evaporation.     

FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO—PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压的测定

采用气流携带法对FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压进行测定,并对温度、渣成分、Cl含量等影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,温度为970～1030K条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压均随着温度的升高而增加,且P1）氯化物蒸气压值的对数与温度的倒数之间呈较好的线性关系。碱度、FeO含量均对Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压影响很大,低碱度可提高Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压,高FeO含量虽可增加ZnCl2饱和蒸气压,却降低了Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压。Cl含量越高,该体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压越大。     

Thermodynamic Behavior of Manganese and Phosphorus between Liquid Iron and CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-FetO-MnO-P2O5 Slags

The thermodynamic behavior of manganese and phosphorus between liquid iron and CaO-MgO-SiO2-A12O3-Fe,O- MnO-P2O5 ladle slag system was addressed by investigating the thermodynamic equilibria between liquid iron containing Mn and P and the ladle slag at 1 873 K. The Mn distribution ratio Lmn increases with increasing FetO content and decreasing the basicity (%CaO + %MgO)/ (%SiO2 + %Al2O3 + %P2O5) in slag, while the P distribution ratio Lp seems to be increased as FetO content and the basicity increases. The values of LM, and Lmn decrease by the addition of A12O3 into slag. The expression of the dependence of Lmn. and Lp on the basicity and FetO content in slag was obtained.     

转炉炼钢渣中Cu_2O与NiO的还原实验研究

结合某钢厂顶底复吹转炉冶炼含有铜、镍等成分耐候钢的生产过程,在实验室对铁碳熔体和纯铁液还原炼钢渣中铜、镍等氧化物进行研究。结果表明,在初始条件相同的情况下,1 300℃下铁碳熔体分别还原渣中Cu2O和NiO时,Cu2O比NiO更易还原,还原速度更快。1 600℃时在实验研究的碱度范围内,含有25%FeO的转炉终点渣中Cu2O、NiO能被纯铁液在10~20 min内还原完毕,尤其前10 min内w[Cu]、w[Ni]增长迅速。在相同碱度下,渣中Cu2O、NiO同时还原的速率基本相同;随着渣碱度的增大,Cu2O、NiO还原的速率及终还原率均有所降低。     

工艺因素对转炉溅渣护炉效果的影响

分析了中小型转炉寿命低的原因 ,研究了渣碱度、渣中FeO含量、出钢温度等因素对炉龄的影响。在此基础上 ,采取了降低渣的碱度、渣中FeO含量 ,降低出钢温度、优化喷枪结构等措施来提高转炉寿命 ,取得了较好的效果。     

转炉渣用于铁水预处理脱磷剂的热力学分析

针对几种典型转炉渣的成分分析,由FeOn^-(CaO MgO MnO)-(SiO2 P2O5）等活度图回归出氧化铁和氧化钙的活度,以确定其有效浓度,并在此基础上制定了转炉渣替代部分典型脱磷剂的热力学配方模型。该模型在保持脱磷率不变的情况下,根据典型脱磷剂中石灰、烧结矿、萤石的比值,同时考虑萤石对转炉渣液相线的影响,计算出用转炉渣替代部分脱磷剂后的脱磷剂新配方。     

Wcomet直接还原法渣铁分离影响因素研究

研究还原温度、渣相配料碱度和渣中CaF2、K2O、P2O5、S、FeO的含量等因素对2CaO·SiO2形成及其相变的影响规律。结果表明,在快速升温条件下,温度高于1300℃后2CaO·SiO2才大量生成;CaF2、S和FeO对2CaO·SiO2相变不产生影响,但K2O和P2O5对2CaO·SiO2相变具有明显抑制作用;渣相二元碱度R〈1．8时渣的自然粉化效果明显变差。     

铜渣熔融氧化氯化过程中硫的行为特征

铜渣进行熔融氧化氯化处理可较好脱除渣中硫,有利于后续工艺渣中铁的回收。通过热力学计算,结合X 射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体分析,对铜渣熔融氧化氯化工艺中硫的行为特征进行了研究。结果表明：一定范围内,提高保温温度、延长保温时间和增大氧气流量有利于铜渣脱硫效率的增高,但保温温度高于1673 K时,脱硫产物SO2与O2及熔渣中CaO作用生成CaSO4留于渣中,使渣含硫上升;氧气流量增至0.5 L•min-1,SO2和O2反应面与熔渣表面趋于重合,并于熔渣中CaO反应生成CaSO4膜,降低了SO2的扩散脱除速率,不利于渣中硫的脱除。保温温度1573 K,保温时间 25 min, 氧气流量 0.4 L•min-1,CaCl2 添加量为0.10（CaCl2 与铜渣质量比）工艺条件下,处理后铜渣含硫由0.52%降至0.00511%,氯化法可实现渣中硫的有效脱除。     

不锈钢粉尘内配煤团块高温自还原过程中金属铁的聚集

用不锈钢生产中的高碱度二次粉尘制备内配煤团块,在高温下自还原获得含铬、镍的金属铁粒.研究影响铁粒聚集长大的因素.研究表明：（1）内配煤团块的渣相碱度（w（CaO）/w（SiO2））小于2.8时,还原产物冷却过程中渣相与金属铁粒才能自然分离.碱度越低,渣量越大,越不利于金属铁聚集长大;（2）提高内配碳比,渣相残碳量明显升高,渣中过量的碳阻碍金属相聚集长大;（3）提高还原温度,直接还原铁的海绵状结构解体,逐渐聚集成颗粒状金属铁.还原温度越高,越有利于金属铁的聚集长大     

Smelting chlorination method applied to removal of copper from copper slags

In order to reasonably utilize the iron resources of copper slags, the smelting chlorination process was used to remove copper from copper slags. Higher holding temperature and O2 flow rate are beneficial to increasing copper removal rate. However,the Cu2O mode is formed by the reaction of surplus O2 and CuCl with O2 flow rate increasing over 0.4 L/min, causing CuCl volatilization rate and copper removal rate to decrease. The resulting copper removal rate of 84.34% is obtained under the optimum conditions of holding temperature of 1573 K, residence time of 10 min, Ca Cl2 addition amount of 0.1(mass ratio of CaCl2 and the copper slag) and oxygen flow rate of 0.4 L/min. The efficient removal of copper from copper slags through chlorination is feasible.     

复吹转炉锰矿直接合金化热力学模型研究

基于某钢厂铁水、废钢和造渣料等的成分得出转炉炼钢的渣量计算模型,根据热力学原理得出锰的收得率和终点锰含量的预报模型。对模型研究结果表明,提高终点出钢温度、渣碱度、锰矿品位和铁水Mn含量,降低终渣含量及渣中FeO含量,可显著提高Mn的收得率和终点Mn含量。     

Effect Of components on desulfurization of an Al2O3-CaO base pre-molten slag containing SrO

The desulfurization experiment of an Al2O3-CaO base pre-molten refining slag containing SrO was carried out. Experimental samples were made from industrial materials. In order to predict the slag‘s desulfurization ability, sulphur capacity was calculated by means of optical basicity, and there is consistency between calculated results and experimental data. A mathematical model between components and sulphur partition ratio was established with the experimental data. Based on the regression equation, the effects of single and interactive components on sulphur partition ratio were discussed. The results show that the sulphur capacity and distribution ratio decrease with the increment of Al2O3/CaO. SrO and MgO can increase the sulphur partition ratio. The best content of SrO in the slag should not be more than 10%, and the MgO content should be about 8%. The effect of CaF2 on sulphur partition ratio is not obvious, therefore the addition should be limited for environmental protection.     

烧结机头除尘灰理化性能及磁性特征分析

以某烧结厂烧结机头除尘灰为研究对象,采用SEM、XRD和化学分析等对其进行理化性能分析,并通过磁选实验对其磁性特征进行了研究。结果表明,烧结机头除尘灰的理化性能随其所在电场不同而产生变化,除尘灰中Pb、Zn、Cu重金属与K、Na碱金属含量明显高于成品烧结矿,除尘灰中Fe主要以Fe2O3形态存在,Pb主要以PbCl2和Pb2 O2 Cl形态存在,K和Ca分别以KCl和CaCl2形态存在,干法磁选实现了除尘灰中部分铁元素回收。     

CaO-SiO_2-MgO脱硅渣起泡性能的研究

分析了铁水脱硅预处理后炉渣起泡原因及机理,通过实验验证并提出了抑制炉渣发泡的措施.研究表明：将氧化剂连续、分散加入铁液,可减少单位时间内发泡气体的产生量,有利于抑制炉渣发泡.1450℃条件下,当碱度为0.6～0.8,w（MgO）为10%～20%时,碱度升高或w（MgO）增加,炉渣黏度呈降低趋势,密度变化不大,而发泡高度和发泡指数明显减小.随着w（MgO）增加,炉渣表面张力增大.炉渣碱度为0.8、w（MgO）为20%时,发泡性能最弱.向脱硅渣中加入适量CaO或MgO,可改变炉渣的物理化学性质,抑制炉渣发泡.     

较高Al_2O_3低碱度还原渣脱硫计算的探讨

根据硫化物容量法和熔渣离子理论,分别对含较高Al_2_3的低碱度还原渣的硫分配比进行了计算。计算结果表明,把Al_2O_3处理为中性物质,按熔渣离子理论计算得到的硫分配比与实际的硫分配比的变化趋势有较好的吻合,该方法可作为脱硫计算的一种处理方法,在实际生产中推广使用。     

密闭直流电弧炉钛渣生产还原剂碳因素分析

密闭直流电弧炉冶炼钛渣所用原料主要为钛铁矿和无烟煤,利用无烟煤中的碳高温冶炼还原.钛渣冶炼过程中,控制直流电弧炉入炉物料中无烟煤用量与钛铁矿用量的比例,使生产过程在密闭直流电孤炉输入功率保持一定、钛铁矿成分相对稳定的条件下,以获得良好的钛渣产品品质.无烟煤比例过大,产品钛渣中TiO2的含量下降,同时会增大熔渣的还原度,渣中低价氧化物的量增多,导致熔渣黏度和电耗增加.如果无烟煤比例偏小,达不到需要的还原度,碳最大可能的消耗在FeO的还原上,直接影响产品品质.当无烟煤比例达到一定程度,继续提高该比例,抑制了FeO的还原反应,杂质还原后富集进入渣相,使钛渣中TiO2受到稀释而贫化,不能提高钛渣的品位.在功率一定的条件下,入炉物料中无烟煤比例成为影响钛渣品位高低的关键因素.以云南某密闭直流电弧炉熔炼周期的生产数据得到其冶炼中无烟煤配碳比为12.403％.     

含BaO,Na2O渣系渣钢间硫平衡研究

在钼丝炉上进行了含BaO,Na2O精炼渣系渣钢间流平衡实验。研究 结果表明,在传统精炼渣系中加入BaO,能够提高渣系的硫容量,Na2O对渣系的硫容量也有很大的影响,但稳定性不好。     

Characteristics of MSWI fly ash during vitrification

The vitrification characteristics of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash were investigated. Effects of temperature on the binding efficiency of heavy metals, the change of chemical compositions and the weight loss of fly ash in the range of 800-1350 ℃ were studied. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) of the United States was used to analyze the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in fly ash and molten slag. Results indicate that chemical compositions, the weight loss of fly ash and the binding efficiency of heavy metals in fly ash have a tremendous change in the range of 1150-1260 ℃. The percentage of CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 increases with the increasing temperature, whereas it is contrary for SO3, K2O, Na2O and Cl; especially when the temperature is 1260 ℃, the percentage of these four elements decreases sharply from 43.72% to 0.71%. The weight loss occurs obviously in the range of 1150-1260 ℃. Heavy metals of Pb and Cd are almost vaporized above 1000 ℃. Cr is not volatile and its binding efficiency can reach 100% below 1000 ℃. Results of TCLP indicate that the heavy metal content of molten slag is beyond stipulated limit values.     

转炉锰矿直接合金化国内外现状及对策

通过对国内外转炉采用锰矿直接合金化研究现状和实际操作工艺的剖析,分析了转炉渣量、(FeO)、终点[C]含量及炉渣碱度等主要工艺参数对转炉锰矿直接合金化锰收得率的影响规律,形成了提高转炉锰矿直接合金化锰收得率的关键技术思想。并针对目前国内转炉冶炼的实际情况提出了相应对策,即用锰矿自还原压块代替直接加锰矿进行直接合金化。     

Activity model and its application in CaO-FeO-SiO2-MoO3 quarternary system

The activity model of CaO-FeO-SiO2-MoO3 quarternary system was established according to the coexistence theory of slag structure and the reduction thermodynamics of molybdenum oxide was discussed by applying this model. The activities of SiO2 and MoO3 decrease, while that of CaO increases with increasing the basicity of slag. Among SiC, [C] and [Si] reactants, the reducing capability of SiC is the strongest, while that of [C] is the poorest at a high temperature (about 1873 K). It is advantageous to increase the yield of molybdenum by increasing the content of [Si] or [C]. Controlling of basicity of slag can prevent the oxidation loss of molybdenum.