黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)提取物对两种病原真菌的生物活性

以石油醚Ⅰ(30℃～60℃)、石油醚Ⅱ(60℃～90℃)、乙醇和丙酮等4种溶剂对黄花蒿的根、茎、叶进行初步提取,采用生长速率法测定不同提取物对玉米小斑病菌、棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,黄花蒿提取物对玉米小斑病菌的生物活性好于棉花枯萎病菌;黄花蒿叶的提取物抑菌效果最好,根的抑菌效果最差;叶的石油醚(60℃～90℃)提取物对玉米小斑病菌EC50为156.32mg/L;而叶的丙酮提取物对玉米小斑病菌的EC50为82.37mg/L。     

穿破石抑菌活性初步研究

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了穿破石不同部位甲醇提取物对5种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:穿破石根提取物对梨锈病菌、稻瘟病菌、水稻纹枯病菌以及玉米炭疽病菌有很高的抑菌活性,质量浓度为10 g/L时,抑菌率分别为95.51%、99.39%、100.00%、86.11%;有效中浓度(EC50)分别为0.8031、0.9969、0.9812、0.9304 g/L.对柿角斑病菌的活性较低,质量浓度为10 g,L时,抑菌率为66.72%,EC50值为4.6539 g/L.茎叶提取物对上述5种病原菌的抑菌活性较低.采用固-液萃取法对穿破石抑菌活性成分进行了初步分离,结合活性跟踪,发现穿破石抑菌活性成分主要存在于乙酸乙酯萃取层中.     

木荷树皮杀虫活性成分追踪的初步试验

采用活性追踪和化学分离相结合的方法对木荷树皮甲醇提取物中的活性成分进行分离,用石油醚、氯仿和正丁醇连续萃取,经生物活性测定,正丁醇萃取物的活性最大.木荷树皮正丁醇萃取物在2g/L质量浓度下,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24、48 h的拒食率分别为91.30%和92.44%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为0.4570、0.4346 g/L;对菜青虫4龄幼虫,在1 g/L质量浓度下,24、48 h的拒食率分别为99.08%和96.44%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为0.041 9、0.0557 g/L.     

荆条乙醇提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性初步研究

探索荆条的抑菌活性,为综合开发利用提供科学依据。采用生长速率法测定了荆条花和叶的乙醇提取物以及各萃取物对植物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:荆条花乙醇提取物的抑菌活性好于叶。当供试质量浓度为5.0 g/L时,花的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌率分别为87.72%、77.32%、72.69%和71.37%。荆条花乙醇提取物不同溶剂萃取物中,石油醚和乙酸乙酯的抑菌活性较高。石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌的EC50值分别为0.32 g/L和0.23 g/L;石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物对白菜黑斑病菌的EC50值分别为0.45 g/L和0.20 g/L。石油醚萃取物是进一步研究的重点。     

20种植物提取物对植物病原细菌的抑制活性

[方法]以水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)、桃树细菌性穿孔病菌[Xanthomonus campestrispv.pruni(Smith) Dye.]为供试菌,对20种植物提取液进行抑菌活性筛选;采用液-液萃取法初步分离石榴皮、五倍子的抑菌活性成分.[结果]石榴皮、五倍子对2种病原细菌抑制效果最好;石榴皮的抑菌活性成分主要存在于正丁醇萃取层,五倍子乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌活性成分较好.[结论]石榴皮对2种病原细菌的抑制活性最好,其正丁醇萃取物是下一步研究的重点.     

海芋甲醇提取物的抑真菌作用

采用生长速率法测定了海芋的不同部分甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌等15种植物病原真菌的生物活性。结果表明：海芋叶、茎和叶柄的甲醇提取物对荔枝霜疫霉病菌、稻瘟病菌和白菜黑斑病菌等有一定的活性;在10mg／mL的浓度下,海芋叶、茎和叶柄的甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为53．45％、43．15％和41．14％;海芋叶甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌的EC50值为8．52mg／mL。海芋叶甲醇提取物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取组分对水稻纹枯病菌的活性研究表明,氯仿层的活性最高,抑制率为89．12％。海芋叶甲醇提取物的氯仿萃取物对水稻纹枯病菌的EC50值为2．13mg／mL.     

孜然在农业植物病原真菌上的抑菌活性研究

以小麦赤霉病菌、玉米大斑病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、番茄灰霉病菌为供试菌种,对孜然的茎干、种子及种子的不同溶剂提取物进行了抑菌活性测定,结果表明,孜然(Cumlnum.cyminum)种子对菌丝的抑菌活性高,且其乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性高于其它5种溶剂提取物,对辣椒疫霉病菌菌丝的EC50最小,为6.1335g/L。     

粤蛇葡萄及几种杀菌药剂对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑茵活性

采用带药平板涂布法测定了粤蛇葡萄甲醇提取物及5种杀菌药剂对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:粤蛇葡萄茎和叶提取物对柑橘溃疡病菌均有抑菌活性,最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)分别为4、2 g/L;杀菌药剂60%甲硫·异菌脲WP、72%农用链霉素SP、硫酸铜晶体、53.8%氢氧化铜WG和64%吧霜灵WP对柑橘溃疡病菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为10、2.5、0.625、0.3125、0.1563 g/L.采用液-液萃取法对粤蛇葡萄的抑菌活性成分进行了初步分离,结合活性测定,发现抑菌活性成分主要存在于茎和叶提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中.     

海芒果叶提取物的抑菌活性初探

采用冷浸法和超声波提取法对海芒果叶进行提取。以生长速率法测定了各萃取物对9种病原真菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,海芒果叶的正丁醇萃取相的抑菌活性最好;正丁醇萃取相对番木瓜炭疽菌、柑橘炭疽菌、香蕉枯萎菌的EC50分别是1.3964mg/mL、1.7246mg/mL、1.3256mg/mL,其中提取物对香蕉枯萎菌的毒力最高,值得进一步研究。     

茜草对枸杞蚜虫的杀虫活性初探

采用点滴法,测定了茜草乙醇提取物和石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水5种不同极性萃取物对枸杞蚜虫的触杀活性.结果表明:95%乙醇提取物对枸杞蚜虫有较高的触杀活性,而且随着提取物质量浓度的增大和处理时间的延长,枸杞蚜虫的校正死亡率都在升高.质量浓度为50.00 g/L时,48 h的校正死亡率达97.62%,LC50值2.633 g/L.5种萃取物对枸杞蚜虫杀虫活性的顺序为石油醚＞氯仿＞乙酸乙酯＞正丁醇＞水,石油醚萃取物48 h的校正死亡率69.05%.     

22种中草药提取物杀根结线虫活性

通过对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的直接触杀试验,研究了22种中草药在采用不同提取溶剂和不同提取手段条件下所得提取物的杀根结线虫活性.结果表明:胡黄连、狗脊、木香、蛇床子、石榴皮、瞿麦、吴茱萸、甘草、花椒和艾蒿10种中草药提取物具有较强的杀根结线虫活性,并且胡黄连、木香、蛇床子和石楠在多种提取方式下均能提取出较强的杀线虫活性成分,其中胡黄连和狗脊的水煮提取物经过石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取后,所得活性萃取物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫72 h内的LC50值分别为81.44、67.37 mg/L.     

The effect of mordant salts on antibacterial activity of wool fabric dyed with pomegranate and walnut shell extracts

Natural dyes have attracted increasing worldwide attention because of the carcinogenicity and environmental effects of synthetic dyes. In this study, wool fabric was treated with tannin‐rich extracts of Punica granatum peel and walnut shell in combination with some mordants. The effect of various mordants on the colorimetric and antibacterial properties of wool fabrics was investigated. The results showed that pretreatment with metallic mordants substantially improved the dyeing and fastness properties of wool fabrics. The extracts of Punica granatum peel and walnut shell showed a significant antibacterial activity at 5% concentration. In addition, antibacterial activity was dramatically enhanced using metallic salts. The antibacterial activity of samples dyed with natural dyes and without any mordant was not good, while the mordanted samples with copper, aluminum and tin salts obtained considerable antimicrobial properties following lightening and washing fastness. The extracts of Punica granatum peel and walnut shell can be considered as viable alternatives instead of artificial antibacterial agents for hospital textiles as well as an effective anti‐odour agent for sports and household textiles.     

Oxygen plasma pretreatment improves dyeing and antimicrobial properties of wool fabric dyed with natural extract from pomegranate peel

This paper presents the application of conventional potassium aluminium sulphate wool mordanting and a biochemical method with silver nitrate (as antimicrobial agent and mordant)_, alone and in combination with oxygen plasma, as part of comprehensive research into pretreatment processes for wool dyeing with natural extract from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). Pretreatment with oxygen plasma significantly improved the hydrophilicity and tensile strength of all tested samples and showed that oxygen plasma can improve K/S, washing fastness, and even replace certain mordants in wool dyeing with natural pomegranate dye. All dyed samples exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, which can be contributed to the phenol content in pomegranate dye. Only after 28 days of intensive ageing in natural weathering conditions did K/S and antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae slightly decrease in dyed samples pretreated with oxygen plasma.     

Isolation and structural identification of two bioactive phenazines from Streptomyces griseoluteus P510☆

Phenazine antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-OH-PHZ) were purified from culture broth and mycelia of Streptomyces griseoluteus P510. Both PCA and 1-OH-PHZ exhibit strong antifun-gal activity agalnst six plant pathogens, especially Fusarium oxysporium, with minimal inhibition concentrations less than 1 and 2μg·ml?1 for PCA and 1-OH-PHZ, respectively. The presence of PCA and 1-OH-PHZ indicates that S. griseoluteus P510 can be used as a potential source of pesticides.     

9种植物提取物对植物病原真菌的生物活性筛选

以苹果腐烂病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、柑橘炭疽病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌为供试菌种。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种植物乙醇提取物对6种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,结果表明,浓度为5mg/mL时,荆条花乙醇提取物对6种植物病原真菌均有一定程度的抑制作用,其中对苹果腐烂病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌率分别为91.07%、72.97%、64.54%和63.20%。采用抑制孢子萌发法测定了9种植物乙醇提取物对2种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,结果表明,浓度为20mg/mL时,雪松叶和仙鹤草叶乙醇提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌和柑橘炭疽病菌的孢子抑制率为100%。     

植物源农药的筛选及补骨脂抑菌活性

以水稻稻瘟病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌为靶标菌，通过孢子萌发试验对12种植物提取物的抑菌活性进行粗筛。结果表明，植物粗提物在100mg／L质量浓度下，补骨脂提取物对水稻稻瘟病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均为100％，虎杖和黄柏提取物对水稻稻瘟病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均为100％。然后，采用菌丝生长速率法将补骨脂提取物对11种植物病原菌的抑菌活性进行了测定，结果表明，补骨脂粗提物对苹果腐烂等11种植物病原菌均具有抑制作用，其中，对苹果腐烂病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌的EC50分别为17．669、73．136、77．294、32．141mg／L。     

4种植物提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌作用

采用生长速率法和悬滴法测定了苦参、牛膝菊、独角莲、蔓陀萝4种植物的丙酮提取物对水稻恶苗病菌、稻瘟病菌、玉米小斑病菌、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌、番茄叶霉病菌和辣椒根腐病菌的生物活性。研究结果表明：在质量浓度为0．10g／ml下,苦参根提取物对几种供试菌的菌丝生长抑菌率均高于50％,对番茄叶霉病菌的抑制率高达88．57％,对6种供试病原真菌孢子萌发的抑制率均高于70％,对稻瘟病菌、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌和番茄叶霉病菌的孢子萌发抑制率为100％;独角莲对稻瘟病菌、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌和番茄叶霉病菌的孢子萌发抑制率分别为89．51％、96．00％和99．50％。     

含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以二茂铁为起始原料,通过一系列反应合成二茂铁二甲酰氯中间体;以酸或者苯氧乙酸为起始原料,合成中间体1,2,4-三唑化合物,最后二茂铁二甲酰氯与1,2,4-三唑化合物反应,生成含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物。通过1H-NMR、FT-IR及ESI-HRMS进行了目标化合物结构的表征;最后,将合成的目标化合物分别对小麦赤霉病、马铃薯干腐病、烟草赤星病和西瓜枯萎病进行了初步的抗植物真菌活性试验,测试结果显示,部分化合物表现出较好的抗植物真菌活性。     

Green synthesis of Dy2Ce2O7 ceramic nanostructures using juice of Punica granatum and their efficient application as photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants under visible light

An effective and simple route is developed for production of Dy₂Ce₂O₇ nanostructures by applying juice of Punica granatum as fuel and metal nitrates. Juice of Punica granatum has for the first time been exploited as a new fuel for simple synthesis of various structures of Dy₂Ce₂O₇ in terms of shape, photocatalytic efficiency and particle size at different time and temperature for production. TEM, Raman, DRS, XRD, FESEM and EDS are exploited for study and characterization the obtained nano-sized structures of Dy₂Ce₂O₇. Photocatalytic efficiencies have been evaluated with destruction of erythrosine and methylene blue pollutants under visible illumination over the various structures of Dy₂Ce₂O₇. Results clearly demonstrated that the nano-sized structures of Dy₂Ce₂O₇ obtained by application of juice of Punica granatum as new fuel at 450 °C for 4 h revealed excellent photocatalytic efficiency for the destruction of erythrosine and methylene blue pollutants.     

1,2,3-三氮唑桥连水杨醛类席夫碱菊糖衍生物的合成及抑菌活性研究

先对菊糖C-6位的羟基进行溴代激活,形成易离去基团,再用叠氮基亲核置换易离去基团,最后将水杨醛类丙炔胺席夫碱中间体通过Huisgen-Click反应与叠氮代菊糖中间体桥连,得到1,2,3-三氮唑桥连水杨醛类席夫碱菊糖衍生物(4a~4c),通过红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,并测定其抑菌活性。结果表明,与菊糖相比,菊糖衍生物的抑菌活性明显提高,当浓度为1 000μg·mL-1时,化合物4a对黄瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum lagenarium)、西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporium)和芦笋茎枯病菌(Phomopsis asparagi)的抑制率分别为66.7%、42.0%和58.1%。通过对菊糖进行针对性化学修饰,接入具有抑菌活性的基团,可以在一定程度上提高菊糖的抑菌活性,为进一步开发利用菊糖提供了依据。