洋葱提取物抑菌活性研究

采用70%乙醇提取洋葱,将其提取液经过三种不同溶剂萃取,萃取物对土壤中的放线菌、细菌及真菌的抑菌活性进行实验研究,测定并比较不同萃取物对土壤放线菌、细菌、真菌的抑菌活性。对土壤放线菌、细菌、真菌抑制效果最好的溶剂萃取物分别为石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇,其抑菌率依次为51.1%,75.1%,77.3%。洋葱的不同溶剂萃取物抑菌效果不同,且同一萃取物对土壤不同种类微生物的抑制效率亦不同。     

落地生根萃取物的抑菌活性

[目的]比较落地生根根、茎、芽和花各萃取相提取物的抑菌活性,进一步明确起抑菌作用的活性成分,为以后的分离打下基础.[方法]以番茄早疫病菌、水稻立枯病菌为指示菌,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定各自的抑菌活性.[结果]落地生根芽氯仿萃取物对2种菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率分别为92.41%和89.22%,孢子的萌发抑制率依次为91.85%、86.11%.[结论]芽氯仿相萃取物的抑菌效果最好,表明落地生根植物中起抑菌作用的活性成分主要集中在芽部位,且抑菌活性成分主要为弱极性物质.     

穿破石抑菌活性初步研究

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了穿破石不同部位甲醇提取物对5种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:穿破石根提取物对梨锈病菌、稻瘟病菌、水稻纹枯病菌以及玉米炭疽病菌有很高的抑菌活性,质量浓度为10 g/L时,抑菌率分别为95.51%、99.39%、100.00%、86.11%;有效中浓度(EC50)分别为0.8031、0.9969、0.9812、0.9304 g/L.对柿角斑病菌的活性较低,质量浓度为10 g,L时,抑菌率为66.72%,EC50值为4.6539 g/L.茎叶提取物对上述5种病原菌的抑菌活性较低.采用固-液萃取法对穿破石抑菌活性成分进行了初步分离,结合活性跟踪,发现穿破石抑菌活性成分主要存在于乙酸乙酯萃取层中.     

放线菌S-159-05抑菌活性物质的初步研究

从陕西渭北旱原的土壤中分离筛选得到一株对多种植物病原真菌拮抗性较好且遗传稳定的放线菌新菌株,编号为S-159-05。生测结果表明,S-159-05菌株活性产物粗提物对水稻稻瘟病菌和小麦根腐病菌有很好的抑制活性,1mg/L药剂的抑制率都在60%以上。采用大孔树脂柱层析和反相制备高效液相色谱切割分离,从40%乙醇洗脱液中得到一个有抑菌活性的单组分化合物An-2。经波谱数据分析,An-2的结构为1-(4-氨基甲酰基-呋喃-3-基)-2-(3-胍基)葡萄苷,这是在氨基糖苷类化合物中发现的一种新抑菌活性物质,从而为新的氨基糖苷类农用抗生素的研发打下良好基础。     

阴香叶提取物的抑菌活性初步研究

用不同溶剂对阴香[Cinnamomum burmanii (Nees) Bl] 叶进行提取,以生长速率法测定了提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌作用。结果表明:阴香叶的氯仿提取物的抑菌活性最好;氯仿提取物对西瓜枯萎菌、芒果炭疽菌、香蕉枯萎菌和香蕉炭疽菌的EC50分别是0.3193mg/ml、0.1552mg/ml、0.0226mg/ml、0.019 2 mg/ml,其中提取物对香蕉炭疽菌的毒力最高,值得进一步研究。     

火炭母提取物抑菌活性的初步研究

对药用植物火炭母（Polygonum chinense Linn.）提取物的抑菌活性进行了研究。结果表明：（1）不同部位提取物中,叶和茎均含有抑菌活性物质,但叶提取物的抑菌效果更强、更明显;（2）不同溶剂提取物中,65%乙醇提取物具有最佳抑菌效果;（3）不同提取方法提取物中,超声提取物抑菌效果较索氏提取物抑菌效果强,但差异不是很大;（4）不同溶剂萃取物的抑菌实验表明,火炭母提取物中的抑菌活性物质易溶于乙醚、石油醚等非极性溶剂;（5）火炭母提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、枯草杆菌、藤黄球菌、白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为0.6g.mL-1、0.6g.mL-1、0.8g.mL-1、1.0g.mL-1、0.6g.mL-1,最小杀菌浓度（MBC）均为1.0g.mL-1。为开发新型、安全、高效的临床药物及扩大药源提供了科学依据。     

石榴皮中化学成分及其生物学活性研究进展

目的 :探讨不同石榴品种石榴皮中的化学成分及生物学活性;方法 :查阅文献进行研究分析和总结;结果 :不同石榴品种石榴皮中化学成分包括:黄酮类、单宁类、没食子酸、鞣质、生物碱类、酚类物质及其他类化学成分,生物学活性:抗氧化、抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒、抗菌、抗衰老、抗炎和减脂作用;结论 :促进研究者不断挖掘石榴的潜在医药价值,促进我国医药产业的发展。     

隔夜茶水抑菌活性的研究

采用滤纸片扩散法测定不同浓度的一道茶、二道茶在浸泡12 h后对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、青霉四种微生物的抑制作用。一道茶、二道茶对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有较明显的抑制作用,一道茶的抑制作用大于二道茶,对黑曲霉、青霉没有抑制作用。一道隔夜茶水对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0.063 g/mL、0.077 g/mL。本实验证实了隔夜茶水的抑菌作用,为其变废为宝提供理论依据。     

凤眼草抑菌活性成分的研究

对苦木科臭椿属植物臭椿的果实凤眼草(Ailanthus altissima)的95％乙醇提取液的抑菌活性进行了研究.利用系统溶剂萃取法得到了石油醚提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物,重点研究了4种提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性和最低抑菌浓度.结果表明,乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均...     

从石榴皮中提取单宁的最佳工艺条件研究

用有机溶剂从石榴皮中提取单宁，并用正交试验法对其最佳工艺条件进行了研究，产品色泽浅、含量高。     

Natural compounds from Punica granatum peel as multiple stabilizers for polyethylene

Punica granatum peel extractive (PPE), a novel stabilizer of polyethylene, is investigated in this study. Oxidation onset temperature (OOT), carbonyl index (CI), melt flow rate (MFR), tensile strength, and elongation at break are used to characterize the effects of PPE, which are also compared with commercial antioxidant (Irganox 1010) with the presence of tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diylbisphosphite (PEPQ). Long-term and short-term aging results show that samples modified by PPE or Irganox 1010 (PE-PPE_0.12%-P and PE-1010_0.12%-P samples) have comparable CI value and stability of OOT. However, compared with PE-PPE_0.12%-P sample, much higher CI and larger change of MFR is detected for PE-1010_0.12%-P after UV irradiation and five extrusions. It suggests that PPE is better protector for PE against UV light and mechanical shear force. All results indicate that the effect of PPE in protecting PE is comparable or much better than Irganox 1010 and it can be used as multiple stabilizers for PE. Moreover, the stabilities of PE modified with PPE alone (PE-PPE_2%) is also investigated. Results show that PE-PPE_2% sample has good thermo-oxidative, UV and processing stabilities. All results reveal that PPE is a good candidate of PE stabilizer and it could avoid the usage of PEPQ in protecting PE.     

Antifungal Activity and DNA Topoisomerase Inhibition of Hydrolysable Tannins from Punica granatum L.

Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) fruit is known to be an important source of bioactive phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins. Pomegranate extracts have shown antifungal activity, but the compounds responsible for this activity and their mechanism/s of action have not been completely elucidated up to now. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the inhibition ability of a selection of pomegranate phenolic compounds (i.e., punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, gallic acid) on both plant and human fungal pathogens. In addition, the biological target of punicalagin was identified here for the first time. The antifungal activity of pomegranate phenolics was evaluated by means of Agar Disk Diffusion Assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation. A chemoinformatic analysis predicted for the first time topoisomerases I and II as potential biological targets of punicalagin, and this prediction was confirmed by in vitro inhibition assays. Concerning phytopathogens, all the tested compounds were effective, often similarly to the fungicide imazalil at the label dose. Particularly, punicalagin showed the lowest MIC for Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, whereas punicalin was the most active compound in terms of growth control extent. As for human pathogens, punicalagin was the most active compound among the tested ones against Candida albicans reference strains, as well as against the clinically isolates. UHPLC coupled with HRMS indicated that C. albicans, similarly to the phytopathogen Coniella granati, is able to hydrolyze both punicalagin and punicalin as a response to the fungal attack. Punicalagin showed a strong inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 9.0 and 4.6 µM against C. albicans topoisomerases I and II, respectively. Altogether, the results provide evidence that punicalagin is a valuable candidate to be further exploited as an antifungal agent in particular against human fungal infections.     

Optimization of Activated Carbon Preparation from Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum Peel) Using RSM

This research involves the optimization of different variables of the operating conditions to prepare activated carbon from pomegranate peels (Punica granatum peel). For this purpose, a statistical method called Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been adopted to economize the number of experiments and their meaningful interpretation. Activated carbon was produced by chemical activation (H₃PO₄). RSM was used to evaluate the variables considered in the preparation of activated carbon such as impregnation ratio (2–4?g H₃PO₄/g pomegranate peel), temperature (400–600°C), and activation time (30–90?min), experimented using a three-variable Box–Behnken Design (BBD) based on a quadratic model and an RSM tool provided by Design Expert 8.0.4 (STAT-EASE Inc., Minneapolis, USA). The responses analyzed for optimization were the methylene blue number and the iodine number. The factors that are significant influencing the activated carbon preparation have been identified by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum conditions established were impregnation ratio of 2.78, activation temperature of 575°C, and activation time of 73?min.     

马铃薯皮中多酚类物质的抗氧化性研究

通过体外抗氧化体系测定马铃薯皮多酚的抗氧化活性。除超氧阴离子的能力;马铃薯皮多酚清除羟基自由基的能力;马铃薯皮多酚清除DPPH自由基的能力;马铃薯皮多酚对油脂的抗氧化能力。马铃薯皮多酚对超氧阴离子的清除率最高达18.33%,且在低浓度清除能力明显高于同浓度抗坏血酸(Vc);马铃薯皮多酚对羟基自由基的清除率最高达92.26%。对DPPH自由基清除率最高达86.08%。油脂中添加马铃薯皮多酚提取液,可以明显降低油脂的过氧化值(POV)。马铃薯皮多酚对超氧阴离子,羟基自由基和DPPH自由基都有很好的清除效果,且在一定程度上降低油脂过氧化值随时间而延长的程度,是很好的天然抗氧化剂。     

橙皮提取物对猪油的抗氧化能力的研究

在温度为60℃和9天时间内,在100g猪油中分别加入0.02g的乙醇、乙醚和乙酸乙酯的橙皮提取物和0.02g的二丁基羟基甲苯（BHT）,测得猪油过氧化值（POV）依次为0.111、0.0966、0.0738和0.0835meq/kg。同样条件下,未加抗氧化剂的猪油POV为1.038meq/kg。这说明橙皮提取物对猪油有显著的抗氧化能力。乙酏乙酯的橙皮提取物抗氧化能力甚至优于BHT。     

链霉菌菌株4903抑菌除草活性的研究

从士样中分离筛选的链霉菌4903菌株的代谢产物同时具有抑菌、除草活性。链霉菌4903对荔枝炭疽病菌（Glomerella cingulata）和荔枝霜疫霉菌（Peronophythora litchii）的抑菌圈透明,抑菌圈直径达到和超过25mm。除草活性生测结果表明：在固体培养条件下,链霉菌4903菌株对小麦（Triticum aestivum）和油菜（Brassica campestris）有强烈的抑制作用,链霉菌4903菌株对小麦苗的抑制率为94%.对油菜根和苗的抑制率分别为97％和83％。     

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Microsatellite Markers in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been cultivated from ancient times for its economic, ornamental and medicinal properties globally. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from a repeat-enriched genomic library of Punica granatum L. The genetic diversity of these loci was assessed in 60 genotypes of Punica granatum L. All loci were variable: the number of polymorphic alleles per locus ranged from two to five (average 2.9). The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.15 to 0.87 and 0.29 to 0.65, respectively. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.26 to 0.61 (average: 0.43). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that polymorphic microsatellite markers have been reported for P. granatum L. These new markers should allow studies of the population structure and genetic diversity of pomegranate to be performed in the future.     

三唑并嘧啶类化合物抑菌活性的QSAR研究

采用原子类型电性拓扑态（Es）指数模拟分析了13种三唑并嘧啶类化合物（含多菌灵）对小麦赤霉菌的抑制活性（GZ）的定量结构-活性相关模型。经最佳子集变量回归构建了2变量（E7和E24）的QSAR模型,其传统相关系数（R2）和逐一剔除法交叉验证系数（R2cv）分别为0.982和0.602,具有较高的可靠性和相关度。模型分析表明：影响三唑并嘧啶类化合物对小麦赤霉菌抑制活性的主要因素为2个Es描述符对应的子结构,即在芳环内的=C-和=N-。     

飞龙掌血提取物抑菌作用初步研究

选择蒸馏水、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚4种提取剂,采用冷浸、加热回流两种方法萃取飞龙掌血,比较提取物对枯草杆菌、痢疾杆菌、啤酒酵母菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,冷浸 72 h 和加热回流 5 h 的飞龙掌血提取物对该3种菌的抑菌作用无显著差异,无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取物较水提物有显著差异;生药质量浓度为 0.25 g/mL 的乙醇提取物对3种菌都有极显著的抑菌效果,适宜抑菌生药质量浓度为 0.5 g/mL;pH值对该提取物的抑菌效果影响较大,3个菌种适宜抑菌的pH值不同。