PVDF压电薄膜的应变传感特性研究

PVDF压电薄膜是一种重要的智能材料。本文理论分析了智能材料——PVDF压电薄膜的应变传感机理；研究了PVDF应变传感器的制作与布设工艺；试验研究了PVDF传感元件在准静态和动态响应下的传感特性．得到了PVDF传感元件的电压灵敏度，并分析了PVDF压电薄膜的尺寸对灵敏度的影响。研究结果表明：PVDF传感器具有灵敏度高、线性度好、制作与布置工艺简单、面监测等优点．适用于土木工程结构的健康监测。     

聚丙烯腈纤维导电填料的制备与性能研究

研究了采用化学镀法和电镀法制备的聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）纤维导电填料，对导电纤维填料的导电性、镀层结合强度以及与树脂复合中的填料量、纤维表面处理、混炼时间等做了较深入的研讨。     

柔性可拉伸硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/硅橡胶可穿戴应变传感纤维

基于核-壳结构设计,采用简便、低成本的浸涂-固化法制得柔性、可拉伸、高灵敏且稳定的聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶(PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS)压阻式应变传感纤维。通过FTIR、XRD、TG、TEM对硅烷偶联剂改性多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-KH570)的化学结构、热稳定性和微观形貌进行了分析,深入研究了核-壳结构与MWCNTs-KH570质量分数对PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维导电性能、传感性能及力学性能的影响规律与机制。结果表明:羟基化MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH)表面接枝KH570使其在壳层PDMS基体中具有良好的分散性和界面相互作用;核-壳结构的设计使PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维在低填充下具有高电导率和传感性能;PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的导电性能与传感性能随着MWCNTs-KH570质量分数增加而提高,且在人体关节运动监测中表现出良好的可重复性和工作稳定性。      

压阻式柔性应变传感器研究进展

在信息时代,传感器已渗透到各个领域。压阻式柔性应变传感器因其优良的柔韧性、可拉伸/弯曲性以及在异形物体表面的“随形”贴合性,在智能穿戴、人机交互、结构服役过程监测等领域发挥了重要作用。压阻式柔性应变传感器一般有填充式、夹层式和吸附式三种结构,三种结构在制备复杂程度、重复性及传感性能等方面均有差异。研究者们多采用传统方法实现结构构筑,但传统方法普遍存在操作复杂、成本高、重复性差等问题,而采用新兴的3D打印技术可以高效、高精度、可重复地构筑传感结构,赋予了传感器更大的发展空间。在构筑压阻式柔性应变传感器时需采用柔性基体材料和导电填料,构筑得到的传感器主要有裂纹扩展、导电网络断开和隧穿效应三种传感机制,传感机制的形成与传感器的微观结构和材料有关。另外,压阻式柔性应变传感器的传感性能通常通过灵敏度、传感范围、耐久性等参数来表征,而如何兼具多项优异性能是目前的研究热点。同时,压阻式柔性应变传感器的配套器件和技术是限制其发展的主要因素,尤其是在供电和信号传输方面。本文归纳了压阻式柔性应变传感器在材料选择、结构构筑、机理探索、性能优化、应用开发等方面的研究进展,分析了压阻式柔性应变传感器目前所面临的...     

纳米碳纤维复合材料的电阻-应变传感性能研究

制备了不同含量的纳米碳纤维，环氧树脂复合材料试样，采用三点弯曲法测试了复合材料的电阻．应变行为．结果表明，纳米碳纤维，环氧树脂复合材料具有良好的电阻．应变行为，且当纳米碳纤维含量为4％～6％（质量分数）时，电阻．应变呈线性变化，复合材料的传感性能最为优异．     

Bragg光栅式应变传感器的传感特性研究

光纤Bragg光栅是一种新型的传感元件,其原理是利用波长解调的方法将被测的信号转化为光栅反射波长的偏移量,同时反射波长不受入射光的功率波动或光路系统损耗的影响。光纤Bragg光栅应变式传感器因此具备良好的可靠性、不受电磁干扰、不易腐蚀,同时最大的优点是在一根光纤上将多个光纤光栅应变传感器串接组成构成阵列开展分布式测量等优点,在逐渐应用于各类力学检测领域。本文着重对光纤Bragg光栅温度和应变的传感特性简要介绍并进行试验分析.     

纳米导电纤维与导电炭黑填充PVC复合材料的电性能研究

对纳米导电纤维(nano-F)及导电炭黑（HG－CB）填充PCV复合材料的电性能进行了研究,当nano-F和HG－CB的填充量分别为20,10份时,复合材料的电阻率急剧下降,其用量继续增加,材料电阻率变化不大。nano-F填充复合材料在20－120℃范围内电阻率基本不变,具有高的电阻稳定性,HG－CB填充复合材料在20－60℃范围内随温度升高阻率逐渐增大,之后随温度继续升高电阻率开始下降,nano-F填充复合材料的伏安特性在不同温度下为欧姆线性关系,而HGC－CB填充复合材料的伏安特性比较复杂。     

ABS/不锈钢纤维/石墨导电复合材料的导电特性?

以丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为基体,不锈钢纤维(SSF)和石墨为混杂导电介质制备了ABS/不锈钢纤维/石墨0-1-3复合体系。采用动态机械分析(DMA)、数字万用表和旋转流变仪等研究了复合材料的导电渗流行为、流变渗流特性的关联性及在DMA多频应变模式-动态微力场下的阻温特性与导电机理。结果表明,石墨的加入可明显提高复合体系的渗流导电能力;复合体系的导电渗流与流变渗流的渗滤阀值相近,均约为15％;在动态交变微载荷下,电阻率强烈的依赖于振动频率和温度,随着温度的升高,出现电阻正温度效应(PTC)和电阻负温度效应(NTC);且频率越高,SSF含量越低,复合体系的 PTC转变温度越高。     

TiO_2/PA纤维的导电性能研究

设计制备了导电TiO2材料,使用(NaPO3)6对其进行表面活性处理,并与聚酰胺(PA)混合造粒,再经熔融纺丝制备了一种白色导电纤维。测试表明经处理的导电TiO2材料可以很好地分散于PA基体中且相容性良好,纺出的纤维具有良好的导电性能。对其导电机理进行了研究,结果表明当导电TiO2含量7%时属于隧道导电,含量为10%~13%时属于隧道导电和欧姆导电组合导电,含量13%时以欧姆导电为主。     

石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管复配改性对天然橡胶复合材料应变传感性能的影响

通过溶液共混法将不同配比的石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管（GE/MWCNT）添加到天然橡胶（NR）中,制备了具有电阻-应变响应特性的GE/MWCNT/NR复合材料。利用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）表征了纳米碳填料在NR基体中的分散情况,研究了不同GE和MWCNT配比对材料力电性能的影响规律,通过傅里叶变化红外光谱分析了NR复合材料中纳米碳填料与基体之间的相互作用。结果表明,GE与MWCNT以及橡胶分子链之间的结合力促进了填料在基体中的分散,使复合材料的电阻/应变响应稳定性、灵敏性以及单调性明显优于不含GE的材料,并确定了GE与MWCNT复配比为1:1时,材料各项性能最优。     

Strain sensing behavior of electrically conductive fibers under large deformation

Electrically conductive fiber/yarn/fabric is one of the promising materials as flexible conductive sensors because of their sensitivity to strain, temperature and humidity. Aiming at developing of effective flexible sensors, this study investigates experimentally the strain sensing behavior of PPy (polypyrrole)-coated Lycra fibers, showing that the electrically resistance of the conductive fibers changes with the deformation of fibers. The variation in electrically resistance is mainly related to the micro-cracks appearing on the fiber surface during deformation. Then, the effects of the characteristic parameters of the micro-cracks are studied statistically by means of image processing functions in MATLAB, and the governing parameters are determined. Based on the results, a model is built to describe the variation of electrical resistance by the parameters of the micro-cracks. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results, showing an acceptable agreement.     

基于激光直写的柔性天线传感器研究

激光直写是一种高效、可规模化制备柔性电子器件的技术。本文采用激光直写技术在具有良好介电性能的聚酰亚胺薄膜上制备了一种可用于应变传感和湿度传感的柔性环形天线传感器。利用激光碳化聚酰亚胺获得的材料表面呈现多孔及堆叠片层碳结构,当施加于天线上的应变和环境湿度改变时,天线的谐振频率会发生规律变化,进而实现应变和湿度感知。制备的环形天线传感器的应变响应灵敏度为?8.943 kHz/με,湿度响应灵敏度为?6.45 MHz/RH%。采用激光直写技术制备的天线传感器可以广泛应用于结构健康监测等领域。     

光纤布拉格光栅应变与温度传感特性及其实验分析

对光纤布拉格光栅应变与温度传感特性进行了分析，理论计算了波长变化对传感系数的影响，提出了光纤光栅应变传感的温度补偿方法，并理论分析了光纤光栅温度和应变传感的耦合作用，最后，通过材料实验与等强度梁实验研究与分析了光纤光栅的应变与温度传感特性。理论分析与实验结果表明，两者吻合很好，光纤光栅的波长变化与应变和温度存在很好的线性关系，波长变化对传感系数的影响很小。     

Aramid fibers; a multifunctional sensor for monitoring stress/strain fields and damage development in composite materials

A multifunctional non-destructive technique, based on the Raman response of aramid fibers, is employed for (a) assessing the interface integrity and the overall stress distribution in a unidirectional Kevlar 29^®/epoxy composite (b) measuring the stress concentration and its development with applied load in Kevlar 49^®/epoxy composites incorporating a circular notch and finally, (c) determining the strain arising in 0° plies due to partial and full crack growth within the θ° plies in multidirectional 0°/θ°/0° composites. It is shown that this technique can be used effectively to study the damage development in composite materials that arise from the presence of different length scale discontinuities.     

分布式光纤传感技术应变测量试验研究

基于布里渊散射原理的布里渊光时域反射技术利用布里渊散射光的光谱技术和光时域测量技术,可对光纤沿线的温度、应变进行分布式监测。通过试验研究了分布式光纤传感技术在应变测量中的空间分辨率、应变分辨率、应变测量精度。研究结果表明,分布式光纤传感技术应变测量能够较准确地测得被测量结构上任何一点的应变,空间最小分辨率0.1m,应变测量分辨率和精度满足工程监测要求,可以在工程监测中作为一种新型分布式应变监测技术加以推广。     

Comparative study on early stages of film growth for transparent conductive oxide films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering

Early stages of film growth were investigated on three different kinds of representative transparent conductive oxide films including tin doped indium oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) and gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO) films deposited on unheated alkali free glass substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. The variations in sheet resistance, film coverage and average surface roughness showed clearly that ITO and GZO films possessed Volmer-Weber growth mode. In contrast, the evolution of islands is not clearly observed for IZO film. The nucleation density of IZO film is considered to be much higher than that of ITO and GZO films.     

黄麻纤维束力学性能的尺寸和应变率效应

为了探究黄麻纤维束的尺寸效应和应变率敏感性,利用C43电子式万能试验机和CEAST 9340落锤试验冲击系统分别在静动载条件下对黄麻纤维束进行测试,获得了杨氏模量、强度、峰值应变和韧性随标距和应变率的变化关系静载试验在1/600s-1应变率条件下进行,测试了6组不同标距(25、50、100、150、200和300mm)的试件;动载试验以应变率为变量,在4组不同的应变率(40、80、120和160s-1)条件下进行了测试,试件标距均为25mm。测试结果表明:随着试件标距增大,杨氏模量初始增大,当标距大于100mm时趋于稳定;强度、峰值应变和韧性均减小。随着应变率增大,杨氏模量和强度均增大;峰值应变初始减小后趋于稳定;韧性先减小后增大。鉴于植物纤维束材料较大的性能离散性,采用Weibull分布对试验数据进行拟合,获得了黄麻纤维束强度在不同试验条件(标距和应变率)下的分布规律。     

Comparative study of nanoparticle effects on feedstock behavior for injection molding

Rheological properties of bimodal feedstocks containing nano- and micro-particles were studied. To examine nanoparticle effects, five feedstocks were prepared with the nanoparticle contents from 0 to 75 vol. %. Each feedstock was formulated with the optimal amounts of the powders, determined from the critical solids loadings of the powders. Viscosity measurement of the feedstocks was performed using a capillary rheometer. From the result, the flow behavior index and flow activation energy were obtained as representative rheological parameters. The moldability index for each feedstock was also calculated and compared. Some bimodal feedstocks showed lower viscosity than microfeedstock due to the roller bearing effect of the nanoparticles. The rheological parameters indicated the bimodal feedstocks were more desirable for mold filling except for 75% nano-bimodal feedstock. The results revealed 25% nano-bimodal feedstock showed the highest moldability index and was the most desirable feedstock to prepare a green body via nano/micro-bimodal powder injection molding.     

Comparative study of strain rate effects on mechanical properties of glass fibre-reinforced thermoset matrix composite

The tensile dynamic behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced phenolic and polyester resins has been determined in order to find the influence of strain rate on the mechanical properties of composite materials produced by the resin transfer moulding (RTM) and pultrusion processes. Data and experimental test systems from the literature are analysed. A new specimen design is created and validated using drop-weight dynamic tests. The dynamic elastic modulus and strength tend to increase in an important ratio for the majority of the materials studied. The shear modulus measured with off-axis and ±45° coupons produces different effects as a function of strain rate. The influence of the reinforcement structure is emphasized and shown to be effective.     

Post fire behavior of carbon fibers Polyphenylene Sulfide- and epoxy-based laminates for aeronautical applications: A comparative study

Through the comparison of two carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (Epoxy and Polyphenylene Sulfide – PPS), this work was aimed at investigating the influence of different fire conditions on the high temperature tensile mechanical behavior. In order to better understand the influence of matrix nature on post-fire properties, the fiber – or matrix-dominated mechanical responses of laminates have been investigated by means of quasi-isotropic or angle-ply stacking sequences. Compared to carbon/PPS laminates, the mechanical properties of carbon/Epoxy laminates are higher in the virgin state (no prior fire exposure). The analysis of the post fire tensile properties shows that prior severe fire exposures are more detrimental to carbon/Epoxy than to carbon/PPS laminates. Although the PPS matrix behavior is highly ductile at a test temperature higher than glass transition temperature, it clearly appears that the decrease in the tensile properties laminates of PPS-based composites is much slower than the one observed in carbon/Epoxy laminates subjected to severe prior fire conditions. Provided the heat flux is high enough to lead to the outset of pyrolysis, PPS-based composites yield higher amounts of char, whose formation retains the structural integrity of fire-damaged composites.