汽油氧化脱硫技术的研究进展及应用

综述了国内外汽油氧化脱硫技术的研究进展及应用,详细介绍了双氧水氧化、空气/氧气氧化、电化学氧化、次氯酸钠氧化和NO2/硝酸氧化脱硫等氧化脱硫技术,分析了各种氧化脱硫技术的优缺点。     

高级氧化技术处理有机废水的研究进展

高级氧化技术具有二次污染小、反应快等优点，被广泛应用于废水处理。主要介绍了高级氧化技术包括芬顿氧化技术、类芬顿氧化技术、臭氧氧化技术、光催化氧化技术、电催化氧化技术、超临界水氧化技术、催化湿式氧化技术等的研究情况及其特点。总结了高级氧化技术处理废水的研究进展，展望了高级氧化技术未来的研究方向。     

高级氧化技术在废水处理中的应用进展

介绍了臭氧氧化法、光化学氧化法、催化湿式氧化法、电化学氧化法和芬顿氧化法等高级氧化技术的反应机理和研究现状。系统总结了各种高级氧化技术的应用进展,并对高级氧化技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

汽油和柴油的氧化脱硫技术新进展

论述了氧化法脱除汽油和柴油中有机硫技术进展。介绍了过氧化物氧化脱硫、臭氧氧化脱硫、氧气氧化脱硫、超声波氧化脱硫、生物氧化脱硫、电催化氧化脱硫和光化学氧化脱硫等,分析了不同方法的优势及应用现状。今后氧化脱硫技术研究的重要方向是进一步研究脱硫机理、提高脱硫率和降低成本。     

油品氧化脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对油品的质量要求越来越高,油品的超深度脱硫己成为世界范围内急需解决的问题之一。主要综述了双氧水氧化、臭氧氧化、氧气氧化、超声波氧化、光催化氧化、等离子体液相氧化、生物氧化、电化学氧化脱硫技术等氧化脱硫技术,并对氧化脱硫方法与研究方向进行了展望。     

我国废水处理中的高级氧化技术

综述了近年来发展迅速的几种高级氧化技术,主要介绍了Fenton法、臭氧氧化法、湿式氧化技术法、超临界水氧化法、电化学氧化技术及超声氧化法的研究进展,并展望了高级氧化技术在我国的发展方向。     

废水处理的实用高级氧化技术 第一部分──各类高级氧化技术的原理、特性和优缺点

评述了芬顿氧化法、催化臭氧氧化法、光催化氧化法、电解催化氧化法、湿式空气氧化/湿式催化氧化法、超临界水氧化法、超声氧化法等各类目前认为最有实用价值的高级氧化技术的原理、特性和各自的优缺点,分析了各类高级氧化技术存在的问题和未来的发展趋势。认为金属催化臭氧氧化技术结合了臭氧氧化力强和金属催化剂易于制造、经久耐用、不需另加其他药剂和操作成本低的优点,是既经济又高效的氧化技术,也是未来较有发展前途的技术。     

葡萄糖氧化工艺研究进展

全面概述将葡萄糖氧化为葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖二酸的氧化体系。对葡萄糖氧化研究进行了总结,按照氧化方式将其分为生物发酵法、化学氧化法、光催化氧化和电催化氧化,并指出各个氧化方法的优缺点,根据催化体系存在的问题,提出了葡萄糖氧化体系的发展趋势。     

高级氧化技术应用于处理染料废水

综述了高级氧化技术,主要包括Fenton氧化法、光催化氧化法、臭氧氧化法、湿式氧化法、超临界水氧化法等高级氧化技术的作用机理及其在染料废水处理中的应用进展,并指出了高级氧化技术在染料废水处理中的发展趋势。     

铝合金无铬化学氧化工艺的研究进展

研究和开发实用性强、环境友好型铝合金化学氧化工艺是未来发展的方向。综述了国内外几种主要铝合金无铬化学氧化工艺的特点及发展现状,其中包括锆酸盐氧化、钛酸盐氧化、钼酸盐氧化、锂盐氧化、高锰酸盐氧化、稀土金属盐氧化及有机类氧化等工艺。并对铝合金无铬化学氧化工艺的研究方向进行了展望。     

Characterization of the rare oil spot glazed bowl excavated from the Xiao kiln site of north China

“Oil spot”, which is a famous decorating technique of black glazed porcelain in the Song Dynasty, is a representative handicraft of Jian bowls found in the Jian Kiln in southern China. An oil spot black glaze bowl was found in the Xiao Kiln in Anhui Province in a field investigation, which is the first time that this pattern of porcelain was found in this area. Various techniques were performed on this bowl and on another black glaze porcelain piece from the same archaeological layer, including optical microscopy, scan electron microscopy, XRF, Raman spectromicroscopy and XRD. The results show that its main chemical composition is similar to the black glazed porcelain from the Xiao kiln, and the chemical characteristics of the glaze are high Fe₂O₃ (5.14%) and CaO (7.26%) and low Al₂O₃ (11.85%) and the RO content is 0.83which is indicative of a calcium glaze and is close to the components of oil spot porcelains from Shanxi in northern China. The ferric oxide crystalline on the glaze surface indicates the phase transformation of γ-Fe₂O_3→ε-Fe₂O_3→α-Fe₂O₃ in the crystallization layer on the glaze surface and the anorthite crystalline at the junction between the body and the glaze. The vessel could be produced at a relatively high temperature in a specific oxidizing environment.     

论Cr2O3在铅釉中的呈色

详细叙述了铅釉熔块的配料及熔制过程，按照熔块与Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的不同比例配制了釉料，通过对铅釉样品的讨论，弄清了Ｃｒ２Ｏ３在铅釉中的呈色特点，给出了红色铅釉和黄色铜釉的最佳配方。     

稀土氧化物对变色结晶釉呈色的影响

系统地探讨了稀土氧化物对变色结晶釉呈色的影响。在硅酸锌结晶釉的基础上加入变色颜料 ,从基础结晶釉的组成、变色颜料的组成与添加量、稀土氧化物的种类与添加量 ,制备工艺条件等方面进行了系统研究试验 ,主要考察了Pr2 O3、Sm2 O3、La2 O3、CeO2 、Y2 O3对变色釉变色及着色的影响 ,分析了影响变色结晶釉变色效果的诸因素。通过电脑测色分光光度计SP - 10 0 0对釉反射率及色度测试表明 ,变色釉在可见光的范围内有3个比较大的吸收峰 ,从而在不同的光源下显现不同的颜色。通过测试结果分析最后确定了稀土添加剂的种类和加入量范围     

氧化锡对仿古砖面釉发色的影响

本文以某种亚光瓷质釉面砖的面釉为基础,分别添加不同比例的二氧化锡,分析陶瓷色料在面釉中的发色情况。     

赤泥基低温红油滴釉的研究

为降低制备成本,有效利用工业废弃物,以赤泥作为氧化铁主要来源,在1120℃左右烧成,制备出了较为理想的低温红油滴釉。探讨了釉组成中ZnO、B2 O3、CaO、MgO、Fe2 O3、Al2 O3等氧化物含量对釉面光泽度、油滴形成的影响。研究发现,低温油滴釉的形成主要基于釉的分相;B2 O3、ZnO的引入不仅可促使釉分相,并能降低釉的熔融温度增加基础相的透明度,从而得到光泽度良好的低温油滴釉;调整CaO、Al2 O3等的含量可以控制分相的产生及分相的结构;Fe2 O3会富集在油滴状的微相中;ZnO、MgO对油滴釉的颜色有较大影响,增加ZnO的含量则油滴釉由黑色变为棕红色,增加MgO的含量则油滴釉由棕色变为黑色。研究了釉层厚度对油滴形成的影响,釉层厚度为1~1.5 mm时形成的油滴效果最好。     

新型的低温无铅釉

介绍了一种新型的低温无铅釉。这种釉主要有二氧化硅、氧化锌和硅酸钠调制而成。它不仅可在500-1000℃低温下烧成,降低燃料消耗及其费用,而且具有良好的耐水性和耐酸性,除用于陶瓷制品外,还适用于金属、水泥、硅酸钙材质的建材制品。     

氧化焰低温无铅生料快烧Fe_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2砂金艺术釉制备工艺研究

以烧硼砂、石英、氧化铁、钾长石,苏州土等为主要原料制备铁系低温砂金釉。主要研究了釉料组成、最高烧成温度、析晶保温温度、析晶保温时间等对釉面性能的影响。     

Production and characterisation of iron-chromium pigments and their interactions with transparent glazes

In this study, production and characterisation of pigments by using less expensive raw materials such as limonite and chromite was undertaken. The resulting pigments were characterised by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The colour of glazed tiles containing 3 wt.% pigment change from dark brown to light brown depending on the calcination temperature and limonite content. With pigments prepared with 50% limonite content calcined at 1250 °C, the chocolate brown colour was obtained corresponding to the commercial brown pigments. An iron-chromium black pigment was synthesised from a mixture of pure chromium (III) oxide (Cr₂O₃) and iron (III) oxide (Fe₂O₃) powders and was used to determine possible interactions between a pigment and a transparent glaze. The interactions were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results showed that black pigment particles give brown colour to the glaze. EDX analysis on pigment crystals embedded in the glaze clearly showed that Zn and Mg diffused into pigment crystals and caused a change of colour from black to brown.     

高温海碧蓝色亚光釉的研制

以氧化锌和玻璃粉为主要原料。以宝石蓝色料为着色剂,通过凋整釉料组成．成功研制出在1240℃烧成的海碧蓝色亚光釉,为海碧蓝色釉的生产探索了一种新途径。     

Firing process and colouring mechanism of black glaze and brown glaze porcelains from the Yuan and Ming dynasties from the Qingliang Temple kiln in Baofeng,Henan, China

Black glaze and brown glaze porcelains were an important part of ancient Chinese iron-based high temperature glazes. The excavation of black glaze and brown glaze porcelains from the Yuan and Ming dynasties at the Qingliang Temple kiln site in Baofeng, Henan, China, in 2014, enriched the firing history of this kiln site and history of Chinese ceramics. In this study, black glaze and brown glaze porcelain samples from the Qingliang Temple kiln site from the Yuan and Ming dynasties were selected and analysed via optical microscopy, laser Raman spectroscopy, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy combined with EDS and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence to determine their microscopic morphology, microzone composition, microstructure and chemical composition. Moreover, the main wavelength range of the brown glaze porcelain samples were measured by UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer systems. The main conclusions of this study are as follows. The brown glaze porcelain from the Yuan and Ming dynasties at the Qingliang Temple kiln site has two different colour layers, with the surface is brown and the bottom is black. The presence of a glass phase and α-Fe₂O₃ phase in the black glaze porcelain samples, and a rare ε-Fe₂O₃ phase in the brown glaze porcelain samples. The brown colour was a result of ε-Fe₂O₃ precipitation, whilst the black base layer also enhanced the brown-colouring effect. Different glaze formulations were used for brown glazed porcelain, some of which were similar to those used for black glaze porcelain and derived from the transformation of black glaze porcelain through different firing atmospheres and cooling rates. Although the formula of the brown glaze porcelain samples exhibited differences, the main wavelength difference was not large, was within the 645–682 nm range and belonged to the visible red region.