Characteristics and composition of vegetable oil-bearing materials

A survey of the commercially most important oil-bearing fruits and seeds is presented. Their place in the nutrition of the world’s population is sketched, both as a source of fat and as a potential source of protein. Origin and occurrence of a number of oil fruits and seeds are treated, and their relative importance is discussed. Characteristics of the vegetable oils are described in the light of their fatty acid compositions. Nutritional aspects of polyunsaturated fatty acids are discussed briefly, as well as the antinutritional properties of erucic acid. Oilseed proteins are discussed from the point of view of their growing importance as a source of food for man, and compositions of their essential amino acids are discussed in relation to their nutritive value.     

Cleaning,cracking, dehulling,decorticating, and flaking of oil-bearing materials

Techniques and equipment for cleaning, cracking, dehulling, decorticating, and flaking of oil-bearing materials are described. Particular methods and cautions for unusual materials are discussed.     

含油清洗废水联合处理工艺研究

针对装载各种油类物质的化工集装罐清洗废水难生物降解,乳化程度高的特点,分别采用化学混凝破乳法、生物处理法及混凝处理与生物处理相结合的方法对其进行了处理。结果表明:在5种无机混凝剂中,处理效果最好的为聚合氯化铝,其最佳投加质量浓度为0.35 g/L,最适pH为6.8;微生物处理实验中,驯化得到一株可降解混合油的菌株,其最佳投加体积分数为12%,培养时间为36 h。研究证明,生物—混凝联合工艺优于混凝—生物联合工艺,该联合工艺可使COD去除率达到98.57%,油去除率达到95.18%,处理后水可作为清洗水回用,实现了节能减排。     

Development of buckeye continuous moisture meter for oil-bearing materials

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society - A continuous recording moisture meter was needed in processing oil-bearing seed materials. Two successful meters, similar in principle but...     

Conditioning of oil-bearing materials for solvent extraction by extrusion

A new procedure, based on extrusion, was developed to prepare soybeans for direct solvent extraction. The procedure eliminates the need of controlled cracking, partial shell remotion, heating and flaking, requiring only an adequate communition to particles passing Sieve USS 14 followed by extrusion in a specially developed extruder. Extruded soybeans were obtained in the form of hard and porous agglomerates, without any dusting tendency, higher extraction, draining and percolation rates, lower solvent hold up and higher apparent density than the best possible flakes. Extruded soybeans were processed by solvent extraction in batch and continuous industrial installations, enabling substantial increases in capacity (up to 100%) and reduction in overall steam consumption (up to 30%) when compared with flakes processing. Extracted oil from extruded soybeans seems to show lower levels of gums and toasted meal at higher soluble protein levels for the same urease activity. Peanut press-cakes were preconditioned by extrusion before solvent extraction in batch-type installations, enabling a substantial reduction in residual oil for similar conditions with nonextruded press-cake. For existing plants, the new procedure allows a substantial increase in plant capacity and lower steam consumption. For new plants, the new procedure allows substantial capital savings in equipment and space. The new procedure enables soybean processing by direct solvent extraction in small batch-type installation, which may be very convenient for some underdeveloped areas.     

浅谈卧式贮罐的喷淋清洗

阐述了喷淋分配器的设计、加工、安装和使用,以及喷淋清洗的控制点及安全注意事项。     

喷淋清洗方法在甲醇储罐清洗中的应用

介绍了采用喷淋方式清洗甲醇储罐的喷淋器制作、安装和化学清洗过程。     

烘干中卸磨端板磨损的在线修复

大型球磨机的筒体与端板的连接均为焊接形式,运行过程中承受交变载荷.在焊缝出现磨损或裂纹后,常规的处理方式为更换端板,耗时长、费用高.热熔焊接可对该类问题进行在线修复,避免设备拆除,且用时短、费用低,可彻底解决问题.     

Fast physical drying, high water and salt resistant coatings from non-drying vegetable oil

This paper reports fast physical drying, high water and salt resistances of coating materials from non-drying palm oleic acid. Short oil-length alkyd was synthesized and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. Three copolymers of the alkyd and methyl methacrylate with different alkyd/MMA ratios were prepared via free radical polymerization. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and H NMR spectroscopy, and glass transition temperatures (T_g) were measured by DSC. The decreasing amount of alkyd was noticed to increasing conversion and T_g. The overall thermal stability has increased with higher amount of alkyd in the copolymer. Moreover, incorporation of alkyd has improved the adhesion and film hardness of the coatings.     

Fast physical drying,high water and salt resistant coatings from non-drying vegetable oil

This paper reports fast physical drying, high water and salt resistances of coating materials from non-drying palm oleic acid. Short oil-length alkyd was synthesized and copolymerized with methyl methacrylate. Three copolymers of the alkyd and methyl methacrylate with different alkyd/MMA ratios were prepared via free radical polymerization. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and H NMR spectroscopy, and glass transition temperatures (T_g) were measured by DSC. The decreasing amount of alkyd was noticed to increasing conversion and T_g. The overall thermal stability has increased with higher amount of alkyd in the copolymer. Moreover, incorporation of alkyd has improved the adhesion and film hardness of the coatings.     

甲醇储罐开车前的化学清洗

报道了某一煤化工项目中甲醇储罐及连接管线的清洗实践。     

化学清洗及干燥方法对盖玻片亲水性的影响

通过测试盖玻片对水的动态接触角,研究不同的化学清洗、晾干和烘干以及烘干时间对盖玻片的亲水性的影响。结果表明,在食人鱼溶液、氨水双氧水溶液(H2O2/NH4OH/H2O,1∶1∶5,体积比)、盐酸双氧水溶液(HCl/H2O2/H2O,1∶1∶6,体积比)和NaOH溶液(5%)等4种洗涤液中,用食人鱼溶液清洗或依次用食人鱼溶液、氨水双氧水溶液和盐酸双氧水溶液清洗的盖玻片的亲水性较好;长时间晾干或烘干皆对亲水性不利,高温烘干,最好选择100℃、1~2 h。     

纺织染整烘筒烘燥机的化学清洗

研究了织物染整烘筒烘燥机的化学清洗方法和助剂 ,配制了烘筒专用清洗剂 ,考察了该清洗剂的除垢效果及其对设备材质的腐蚀情况 .结果发现 ,该烘筒清洗剂具有除垢效率高、劳动强度小和对烘筒无机械损伤等优点 ,可显著提高生产效率 .     

Predictive model for spherical indentation on elastoplastic nanocomposites: Loading and unloading behavior

The response of elastoplastic nanocomposites in contact with rigid indenter has a lot of importance in engineering applications such as material characterization, Young modulus, Poisson's ratio and strain hardening parameters. With the aim of presenting a predictive model for the loading and unloading response, the problem of contact between elastoplastic composites with stiff spherical indenter was simulated using 2D axisymmetric model implemented in ANSYS. Parametric studies were performed numerically to investigate effects of geometrical and material parameters on the behavior of nanocomposites. Based on the parametric study observation, a normalization procedure is presented to express the loading and unloading responses in a nondimensional form. Three equations were numerically derived by fitting the FE normalized data to predict the loading and unloading responses and the residual indentation depth after unloading for elastoplastic nanocomposite with wide range strain hardening exponent. The predictions of proposed equations were in excellent agreement with experimental results for Al-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites and also with other experiments available in the literature for nanocomposites and pure metals. Moreover, derived equations were exploited to predict the Rockwell hardness of nanocomposites.     

Intermittent drying of initially saturated porous materials

The aim of this paper is to examine the advantages of convective non-stationary (intermittent) drying and the possibility of its application to materials susceptible to crack formation (wood and ceramics). The notion “non-stationary” means here drying with periodically changeable parameters (air temperature and humidity). The drying time, energy consumption, and quality of dried samples are examined at different schedules of intermittent drying. The acoustic emission (AE) method is applied to monitor on line the material behavior and to detect the commencement of material cracking, and thus to find the moment at which the changes in drying conditions should be initiated. The mathematical model is developed to describe and imitate the intermittent drying kinetics determined experimentally. This model is used next for numerical calculation of the net energy used for drying, and to compare it with the measured total electric energy consumption. The tests were carried out on cylindrically shaped samples of wood and kaolin-clay. The benefits of non-stationary drying with respect to that performed in constant conditions were assessed. Such a formulated subject is a novelty in drying area.     

原油储罐清洗技术述评

介绍了原油储罐国内外常用的技术工艺.并对我国原油储罐人工清洗和机械清洗工艺进行了对比.指出今后油罐清洗将向模块化、自动化、便捷化和设备国产化的油罐自动清洗技术发展的趋势.     

高性能碳基储能材料的设计、合成与应用

电化学储能器件的性能很大程度上决定于其电极材料。碳材料具有来源广泛、化学稳定性好、易于调控、环境友好等优点,被广泛应用于各类能量存储系统,但仍存在能量密度低、倍率性能差等问题。本文从碳材料孔结构调控、杂原子掺杂、与金属氧化物复合三个角度,综述了构建高性能碳基储能材料的设计合成策略,介绍了其在锂/钠离子二次电池、超级电容器等领域的研究进展,对几种方法策略的优缺点进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文对高性能碳基储能电极材料的设计开发具有积极意义。