燃烧合成Al2O3/YSZ复合陶瓷显微结构、强化与原位增韧

通过在铝热剂中引入ZrO2与Y2O3混合粉末,借助燃烧合成及远离平衡态下的共晶生长,制备出以t-ZrO2纳微米纤维成排镶嵌于其上、长径比为12.0～15.0且具有不同生长取向的Al2O3棒晶为基体的Al2O3/YSZ共晶复合陶瓷.相比于定向凝固Al2O3/YSZ共晶复合陶瓷,因本试验具有的高共晶生长速率,导致Al2O3棒晶上的ZrO2正方相纳微米纤维平均尺寸及相间距均下降至150nm,使棒晶基体上的残余压应力高于定向凝固Al2O3/YSZ共晶复合陶瓷,从而在棒晶内高密度低能异相界面的支持下,复合陶瓷得以强化;同时,也正因高强度棒晶及高密度、大角度晶界的存在,在裂纹扩展中诱发棒晶裂纹桥接、拔出及α-Al2O3片晶摩擦互锁增韧机制,材料又得以明显韧化,其断裂韧度高出定向凝固共晶复合陶瓷172%～240%.     

ZrO2(Y2O3)对燃烧合成A12O3/YSZ自生复合陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响

在铝热剂中引入不同量ZrO2(3Y)微米粉末,以燃烧合成技术,制备出A12O3/10%、17%、21%、27%、33%ZrO2(3Y)系列成分自生复合陶瓷棒材.XRD分析与SEM观察显示:具有亚共晶成分的陶瓷熔体因以离异共晶方式生长,使得凝固后的陶瓷基体主要由α-A12O3片晶、t-ZrO2枝晶或块晶组成;而随ZrO2(3Y)添加量的增多,陶瓷晶体生长方式又由离异共晶向共生共晶生长发生转化,共晶棒晶体积分数增多,使得A12O3/33%ZrO2(3Y)的陶瓷基体以微米、亚微米t-ZrO2纤维镶嵌其上的A12O3共晶棒晶和少量α-A12O3片晶构成.经力学性能测试,系列陶瓷棒材的硬度与断裂韧度随ZrO2(3Y)添加量增多而逐渐升高,陶瓷棒材硬度最高值达15.7GPa,断裂韧度最高可达10MPa·m1/2.     

闪烧致密Al2O3-ZrO2复相陶瓷的微观结构及力学性能

以α-Al₂O₃和氧化钇稳定氧化锆粉体为原料,无压烧结制备致密Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复相陶瓷,在临界电场下进行热处理后,对Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复相陶瓷的微观结构和力学性能进行研究。结果表明：在900 V/cm的电场下,烧结致密Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复相陶瓷的闪烧起始炉温为308℃。在炉温为1 200℃、电场为700 V/cm的条件下,闪烧致密Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复相陶瓷原位合成Al₂O₃-ZrO₂共晶结构。闪烧陶瓷主要分为复相区、过渡区和共晶区3个区域。复相区的微观结构与烧结陶瓷相似,形状不规则的Al₂O₃和ZrO₂相均匀分布;过渡区晶粒异常长大,粗大的Al...     

阴极气膜微弧放电沉积ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层

采用阴极气膜微弧放电沉积制备ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层，利用水溶液中阴极气膜放电产生的等离子体的能量，使在阴极表面形成的沉积物直接烧结为陶瓷涂层。研究了沉积涂层的影响因素和涂层形貌及结构。SEM，EDS和XRD分析结果表明，获得的ZrO2-Y2O3陶瓷涂层表面光滑、与基体结合致密、成分和相结构均匀，是一种由Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2陶瓷涂层。通过测试阴极气膜放电过程中电流随时间的变化以及电位在两电极间分布，分析了阴极气膜放电沉积陶瓷涂层的机制。     

Y2O3对NiCr-Cr3C2金属陶瓷涂层热腐蚀性能影响行为研究

本文利用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF),在20G钢表面制备了掺杂1wt.%、3wt.%、5wt.%三种不同含量Y2O3的NiCr-Cr3C2金属陶瓷复合涂层,并探究了其在650℃,Na2SO4/K2SO4熔盐环境中的热腐蚀性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、拉伸试验机等对涂层的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱、X射线能谱仪(EDS)对复合涂层热腐蚀产物形貌、物相进行分析。结果表明掺杂1wt.%Y2O3的NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层结构致密、孔隙率低、结合强度高,显微硬度达到801HV。热腐蚀过程中掺杂Y2O3的NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层表面均生成耐蚀性良好且致密的Cr2O3膜。随着Y2O3掺杂量的增加,涂层的耐热腐蚀性能先升高后下降,当Y2O3掺杂量为1wt.%时,复合涂层表现出最佳的耐热腐蚀性能。     

Al2O3含量对Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层性能的影响

采用直流电沉积技术在45#钢基体上制备Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层,通过显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、划痕仪等研究Al2O3颗粒含量对复合镀层的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能等的影响,并用SEM、XRD对复合镀层的表面断面形貌、物相结构进行分析.结果表明,Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层为晶态结构,其耐磨性能明显优于Ni-W镀层,且随着Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层的摩擦系数呈现出先减小后增大趋势.磨损形式主要表现为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损.复合镀层与基体之间结合牢固,结合力大小约为70~80 N.当Al2O3含量为5 g/L时,复合镀层的综合性能最优.     

等离子喷涂 Cr2O3-TiO2/YSZ 高效热防护涂层 微观结构及性能研究

本文以 Cr2O3、TiO2 和 NiO 为原材料,通过喷雾造粒和烧结获得了由尖晶石结构 NiCr2O4 和钙钛矿结构TiCrO3 组成的 Cr2O3-TiO2 复合粉末。采用大气等离子喷涂技术在镍基高温合金表面制备 Cr2O3-TiO2/nano-YSZ 复合涂层,分析测试了复合涂层的微观结构、抗拉结合强度、抗烧蚀性能和高温热辐射性能。结果表明,Cr2O3-TiO2/nano-YSZ 复合涂层孔隙率较低,抗拉结合强度达到 29.2 MPa;经 1.5 MW/m2、600 s 氧乙炔火焰烧蚀后,Cr2O3-TiO2/nano-YSZ 复合涂层表面有轻微点状剥落,涂层内部结构完整,未发生失效。在烧蚀过程中,Cr2O3-TiO2/nano-YSZ 复合涂层隔热能力达到 426 ℃,比单一纳米 YSZ 涂层隔温能力高 146 ℃,基体温度比纳米 YSZ涂层低 335 ℃;Cr2O3-TiO2/nano-YSZ 复合涂层在 400 ℃和 750 ℃在 2~15 μm 波段内的法向发射率分别为 0.91 和0.89。     

CaO-Al2O3基钢液净化剂组成的优化

运用CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系的熔点和等αAl2O3相图,分析了CaO-Al2O3渣系净化剂降低钢液中氧化物夹杂的能力与其组成的关系。从热力学角度看,CaO/Al2O3比值高（1.6～2.0）,则αAl2O3低（≤0.02）,有利于钢液中氧化物夹杂的降低;从动力学角度看,CaO/Al2O3低（1.1～1.26）,则熔点低（〈1400℃）,有利于钢液中氧化夹杂的排出。净化剂组成的优化结果表明,适宜的CaO/Al2O3比值为1.41～1.74,净化剂αAl2O3较低（0.02～0.04）,熔点较低（〈1450℃）。工业性试验表明,优化后的净化剂净化钢液效果显著。     

致密烧结Ti/Al2O3复合材料

利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备出相对密度、断裂韧性、弯曲强度分别为99.74%、19.73±0.4MPa·m1/2、1002±12MPa的40vol%Ti/Al2O3复合材料。SEM对复合材料表面形貌观察发现,Ti、Al2O3两相分布均匀,表面无明显气孔存在;断口的SEM和EDS表明,复合材料已形成网络导电结构;复合材料的HREM微观结构分析表明,Al2O3三角晶界处无其它杂质的偏聚,小颗粒的金属Ti富集在Al2O3的三角晶界结合处,界面结合紧密。     

La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3(p)/TiAl复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

借助XRD, SEM分析及力学性能测试, 分析了La2O3, Ce2O3掺杂对原位合成Al2O3颗粒强化钛铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响, 探讨了稀土氧化物（La2O3, Ce2O3）的细化机制. 研究结果表明： 掺杂稀土氧化物后产物由γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al双相、 Al2O3及Al4La或Al4Ce相组成;Al2O3颗粒分布于晶界处, 使基体晶粒得以细化;引入稀土元素后材料的密度明显增强, 氧化铝的团聚现象减弱. 力学性能测试表明, La2O3, Ce2O3的引入, 有效改善了复合材料的力学性能, 尤其是掺杂Ce2O3后, 材料的抗弯强度比未掺杂时提高了160%以上.     

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近。荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2 和Eu3 两种价态离子。316,360,379,394,413,462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3 的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ(J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2 的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射。     

Vitrification and Crystallization Behavior of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3 System

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The effect of basicity and Cr2O3 content on vitrification of the CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3 system during a melt-quenched process and the...     

Wettability of silicon carbide ceramic by Al2O3/Dy2O3 and Al2O3/Yb2O3 systems

Wettability is an important phenomenon in the liquid phase sintering of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. This work involved a study of the wetting of SiC ceramics by two oxide systems, Al₂O₃ /Dy₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ /Yb₂O₃, which have so far not been studied for application in the sintering of SiC ceramics. Five mixtures of each system were prepared, with different compositions close to their respective eutectic ones. Samples of the mixtures were pressed into cylindrical specimens, which were placed on a SiC plate and subjected to temperatures above their melting points using a graphite resistance furnace. The behavior of the melted mixtures on the SiC plate was observed by means of an imaging system using a CCD camera and the sessile drop method was employed to determine the contact angle, the parameter that measures the degree of wettability. The results of variation in the contact angle as a function of temperature were plotted in graphic form which showed that the curves displayed a fast decline and good spreading. All the samples of the two systems presented final contact angles of 40° to 10° indicating their good wetting on SiC in the argon atmosphere. The melted/solidified area and interface between SiC and melted/solidified phase were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their crystalline phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (DRX). The DRX analysis showed that Al₂O₃ and RE₂O₃ reacted and formed the Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ (DyAg) and Yb₃Al₅O₁₂ (YbAg) phases. The results indicated that the two systems had a promising potential as additives for the sintering of SiC ceramics.     

Al_2O_3La_2O_3Y_2O_3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al2O3/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y2O3、La2O3稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al2O3/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.     

Viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-B2O3 slags

The viscosity of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slags with 8% MgO and 4% B₂O₃ is investigated over a broad range of composition, by means of a simplex-lattice experiment design. For slag of basicity 6–8 in the upper left region of the local simplex, with 15–25% Al₂O₃, 8% MgO, and 4% B₂O₃, the viscosity is high: 9.4–26.4 P over the range 1500–1530°C. Displacement of the slags of basicity 5–8 to the lower region of the local simplex ensures high fluidity in the given range of Al₂O₃ concentration: the viscosity is 1.5–6.1 P over the range 1500–1530°C.     

Research on Glass Forming Ability of Er2O3 -Al2O3 -B2O3 -SiO2 System

The glass forming range of Er2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system was explored, and the effect of the content of Al2 O3 and Er2 O3 on glass-forming region was experimentally examined. It is shown that the region of glass formation range expends when the content of Al2O3 is changed from 15% to 20%, while it shrinks when the content of Er2O3 is changed from 20% to 30%. At the same time, the glass forming ability of Er2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system was also discussed using a value of β, which is an indication of crystallization tendency of glasses, calculated from thermo-analysis data. It is found that the glass forming ability of Er2O3-Al2O3-B2O3- SiO2 glasses is poor, while the glasses network may be enhanced when Al2O3 is added to the system, the glass forming ability being heightened. In addition, the crystallization temperatures of the rare earth glasses were determined using differential thermal analysis technique. The Er2O3-Al2O;-B2O3-SiO2 glass samples were heat treated at 1000,1100 and 1260℃ respectively. The results show that it is the Er2O3 phase that separates out from the glasses after crystaline heat treatment, and it is tiered up in glasses, as detected through XRD and SEM. This indicates that the phase separation occurs when the glasses are heated, Er3 being mainly distributed in the boron rich phase, then separated out from glasses, while the silicate rich phase remaining glassy state.     

Stability of Fluorine-Free CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-Na2O Mold Fluxes

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - B2O3 and Na2O are key components of fluorine-free mold fluxes for continuous casting, but both are highly volatile, which affects the flux stability....     

X射线荧光光谱法测定Dy_2O_3及其杂质Eu_2O_3,Gd_2O_3,Tb_4O_7,Ho_2O_3,Er_2O_3和Y_2O_3

当前稀土应用范围越来越广,尤其Dy2O3和金属Dy其出口量不断增大．Dy2O3中所含杂质总量通常在0．1％～5％之间,该范围内的测定方法以XRFR为合适,快速、准确、无破坏．1实验部分1．l原理本法采用粉末直接压片法制样,在各元素分析线峰位上测量X射线强度,根据待测元素的X射线荧光光谱强度与含量的定量关系,选择相应的数学模型,由计算机自动计算出待测成份含量．1．2仪器和试剂荷兰飞利浦PW—1400顺序式X射线荧光光谱仪;康柏486计算机;电动小型油压机;万分之一精度分析天平．DyZO399．999％;EnD3,GdD3,ThAn,HoAn,ErD3…     

Solid-phase reactions of Ta2O5 with Ga2O3 and In2O3

Conclusions Using the techniques of DTA and x-ray phase analysis, a study was made of the reactions between Ta₂O₅ and M₂O₃ (M = Ga or In), and the phase compositions of the relevant binary systems were determined. The existence was confirmed of stable compounds of composition MTaO₄ and eutectoidally decomposing phases containing 7.5–12.5 mole % M₂O₃. MTaO₄ are dielectrics, whose room-temperature _v is of the order of 10¹⁰ -cm. The temperature dependence of _v of MTaO₄ was investigated in the range 293–873°K and their energies of activation for conductivity were calculated. The melting points, pyknometric densities, dielectric losses, and relative dielectric permeabilities of MTaO₄ were determined.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2 (110), pp. 69–73, February, 1972.     

镁砂中Fe2O3、Al2O3、P2O5、TiO2的联合测定

镁砂产品检验中,采用碱熔融法共同预处理样品,在同一母液中,联合测定铁、铝、磷、钛的含量,缩短了检测时间。通过分别控制各元素的显色酸度,各元素线性良好,测得的Fe2O3、Al2O3、P2O5、TiO2的相对标准偏差分别小于1.11%、2.78%、4.84%、5.88%。实验结果表明,方法的准确度和精密度都较高。