铝电解用TiB2阴极涂层固化、炭化的升温制度

采用DTG, DDTA等热分析手段, 研究了高温固化、炭化过程中, 铝电解用TiB2阴极涂层糊料的质量和能量的变化速率, 制定了涂层的变速固化、炭化升温制度; 在此基础上, 研究了升温制度对TiB2阴极涂层性能的影响.结果表明 变速升温制度优于匀速升温制度, 采用变速固化、炭化升温制度所制备的涂层形变小、无裂纹, 其抗拉强度达3.13 MPa, 电阻率为23.2 μΩ*m; 而采用升温速度为10.3 ℃/h的匀速固化、炭化升温制度制备的涂层形变大、裂纹多, 抗拉强度小(2.69 MPa), 电阻率大(28.6 μΩ*m).     

TiB_2涂层惰性阴极的升温制度

采用TG/DTG研究了TiB2阴极涂层中树脂和沥青的热失重过程,采用SEM和XRD研究了在不同升温制度条件下TiB2阴极涂层的显微组织,获得TiB2阴极涂层的较优升温制度。结果表明:炭化工艺应采用"两头快、中间慢"的升温制度,才能保证材料炭化烧结的成品率和均质化;采用T2工艺制备的样品物相组成为TiB2和石墨C,其表层无裂纹、气泡及孔洞,涂层与石墨基体粘接也良好,符合铝电解石墨基惰性阴极的生产条件。     

等离子喷涂碳阴极TiB_2涂层

采用等离子喷涂法制备碳阴极TiB2涂层,运用XRD、SEM分析测试手段对涂层的形貌、组织和物相成分进行表征,并对涂层孔隙率、结合强度及其电阻率进行分析测试。结果表明,涂层中有部分未完全熔融粒子,涂层存在孔隙,孔隙率为7.15%,较一般等离子喷涂的孔隙率(3%~8%)偏大;涂层与基体结合紧密,具有良好的结合强度(36.5 MPa);粒子喷涂时部分TiB2被氧化成TiO2和B2O3,而B2O3会吸收空气中的水分形成H2BO3;电阻率随温度的升高而减小。     

应用新一代常温固化TiB2阴极涂层技术提高我国预焙铝电解槽寿命

介绍了我国铝电解工业的发展现状；指出了我国预焙铝电解槽寿命短的弊端；讲述了电解槽早期破损的原因和采用TiB2阴极涂层技术提高电解槽寿命的机理：叙述了新一代常温固化TiB2阴极涂层的特点，并强调应用新一代常，温固化TiB2阴极涂层技术，提高电解槽寿命，是符合我国国情，且行之有效的措施。     

超音速火焰喷涂TiB2-50Ni复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能

目的 研究环境温度对Ni质量分数为50%的TiB2-Ni复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法 选用“壳核型”Ni包覆TiB2复合粉末,通过超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）在304不锈钢基材表面制备TiB2-50Ni金属陶瓷复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了粉末、涂层与摩擦磨损表面的显微结构和物相组成,并研究了TiB2-50Ni涂层和304不锈钢基材的高温摩擦磨损性能。结果 HVOF制备的复合涂层截面呈现明显的层片结构,涂层厚度、孔隙率、显微硬度、表面平均粗糙度及界面平均结合强度分别约300.8 μm、2.3%、766.1HV、2.3 μm及22.6 MPa。高温环境下,304不锈钢基材摩擦系数波动大,且随环境温度升高,其磨损率急剧增加,而TiB2-50Ni涂层的摩擦系数及磨损率波动较小。当环境温度达600 ℃时,涂层磨损率为(2.73±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N?m),约为304不锈钢基材磨损率（(11.07±0.01)×10–5 mm3/(N?m)）的1/4。高温环境下,TiB2-50Ni涂层的磨损机理是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。结论 HVOF所制备TiB2-50Ni复合涂层受摩擦环境温度影响较小,具有优异的耐高温摩擦磨损性能。     

专利技术

专利名称 :铝电解槽用阴极硼化钛涂层的制备方法专利申请号 :0 2 10 8199.9　公开号 :14 4 85 42申请日 :2 0 0 2 .0 3.2 9　公开日 :2 0 0 3.10 .15申请人 :中南大学铝电解槽用阴极硼化钛涂层的制备方法 ,采用铝电解燃气或油的焙烧装置 ,通过钢板传递 ,分散热量 ,间接固化涂层 ;采用铝电解焦粉焙烧装置炭化涂层 ,严格控制工艺参数 ,改善涂料对阴极炭内衬的湿润性 ,提高了涂层的粘接强度 ,避免了TiB2涂层的早期脱落现象的产生。专利名称 :自焙型电解槽阳极保护环专利申请号 :0 310 8995 .X公开号 :14 4 5 383申请日 :2 0 0 3.0 4 .16公开…     

等离子喷涂铝电解可湿润TiB2阴极涂层研究进展

铝电解工业越来越多的采用石墨阴极,石墨阴极具有良好的导电性能,但石墨不被铝液湿润且和铝液形成Al4 C3,导致铝电解槽运行寿命短.可湿润TiB2涂层阴极因节能和延长槽寿命能够给铝电解工业带来显著效益.等离子喷涂是一种高效、灵活的沉积涂层的方法 ,能够在形状复杂或大表面积的基体上沉积金属间化合物、陶瓷或复合材料,涂层厚度可从数微米到数毫米.等离子喷涂制备可湿润性TiB2涂层阴极是可行有效的方法 ,本文评述了等离子喷涂制备可湿润TiB2阴极涂层的研究进展,简述了等离子喷涂工艺受到的影响因素(包括粉末性质、基体表面形貌和焰流性质)和涂层与基体材料结合的机制(包括机械结合、冶金结合和物理结合),分析和讨论了TiB2粉末制备、基体预处理、等离子喷涂工艺参数、涂层显微结构和性能等.最后,指出了等离子喷涂制备可湿润性TiB2涂层阴极工艺将来研究需要解决的几个关键问题.     

TiB2—阴极涂层性能的研究

本文采用TiB_2,碳素材料和粘结剂A制备了TiB_2-阴极涂层,然后测试了涂层的润湿性、热膨胀系数,导电性和溶解损失速度。结果表明,铝在TiB_2涂层上的润湿角随TiB_2含量的增加而呈减小的趋势,当涂层中TiB_2含量为27％时,润湿角为O,而铝在石墨上的润湿角为150。TiB_2-阴极涂层的热膨胀系数与碳阴极的热膨胀系数相差不大,前者为4.8×10~(-6)/℃,后者为3.6×10~(-6)/℃。TiB_2-阴极涂层的电阻率随着TiB_2含量的增加虽增加的趋势,当涂层中TiB_2含量为30％时,在900℃时涂层的电阻率为53.4Ωmm~2/m。通过分析铝液中钛的浓度可知TiB_2的溶解损失速度较慢,适合于工业生产。     

连续流变挤压与热处理对6201合金组织性能的影响

采用连续流变挤压成形技术制备了6201铝合金导电线材,研究了热处理制度对连续流变挤压成形制得的6201合金导电材料的微观组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明：在T6热处理时随时效温度的升高和时间延长,合金导电性能提高,而伸长率呈下降趋势。经T8和T9形变热处理,β″-Mg2Si针状强化相析出和弥散分布,能有效提高6201铝合金线材的综合力学性能和导电性能。T8处理线材抗拉强度达到326 MPa,伸长率为12.5%,电阻率为30.7 nΩ.m,T9处理线材抗拉强度达到329MPa,伸长率为5.1%,电阻率为31.4 nΩ.m。     

高强高导铜铌微观复合材料的微观结构与性能

采用集束拉拔制备技术获得了含有N=854铌芯的Cu-Nb微观复合材料.在77 K条件下材料的电阻率为0.36 μΩ·cm,在293 K时,复合材料导电率大于70%IACS.复合材料截面面积大于5 mm2时,复合材料室温抗拉强度达到915 MPa.通过扫描电镜观察了材料拉伸断口形貌及芯丝排布情况.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.